Visceral Adipose Tissue in Patients with Crohnʼs Disease Correlates with Disease Activity, Inflammatory Markers, and Outcome

Abstract Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes simple steatosis (SS) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It affects 74–98% of individuals with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery (BSX). Among several factors contributing to NAFLD pathogenesis, adipokines secreted by visceral adipose tissue (VAT) can play a role by regulating glucose/lipid metabolism and inflammation. Aims This study aims to determine if visceral adipose tissue adipokine and cytokine gene expression are associated with NAFLD (SS and NASH) at the time of BSX. Methods Patients were recruited from the Toronto Western Hospital Bariatric Clinic. Demographic data was recorded. The VAT and liver biopsies were collected at the time of bariatric surgery. VAT adipokines and other mediators were assessed by RT-PCR and included markers of thermogenic capacity, inflammation, fibrosis, adipokines, and others. Liver histology was assessed by a pathologist using the Brunt system and individuals were diagnosed as either SS, NASH, or having a healthy liver (HL). Blood samples were collected pre-BSX to measure liver and metabolic syndrome related parameters, including HOMA-IR, HbA1c, liver enzymes, and lipid profile. Anthropometry was also assessed. Groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Wilcoxon ranked sum, or chi-square and Fisher’s exact test as necessary. Data was considered to be statistically significant with a p-value less than 0.05. Results We are presenting data on 126 patients, 80.2% females with a median age of 49 and a body mass index (BMI) of 46.9. Fifty-seven patients had SS, 34 had NASH and 35 had a healthy liver (HL). BMI, age, and sex did not differ between the three groups. First, we found that those with NASH had significantly higher VAT expression of fibrosis (Loxl2), inflammation (CCL4 and TGFb1) and proliferation markers (E2F1) and significantly lower expression of adipokines (TNFa and resistin) compared to HL. Also, we found that SS had significantly higher fibrosis (Col3a1, Col6a1, Loxl2, CD9 and Acta2), inflammation (Nox2, TGFb1, IFNg and Clec10a), browning (PPARa, PPARg and Glut1) and proliferation (E2F1) marker expression compared to HL. Conclusions Results show that there is a significant difference in the expression pattern of VAT fibrotic and inflammatory markers between HL, SS and NASH patients. The observed increase of inflammatory markers in NAFLD is in line with prior research outlining the ability of inflammatory mediators from VAT to contribute to liver pathology via portal circulation. The relationship between VAT characteristics and NAFLD are important in understanding the widespread metabolic effects of obesity. Funding Agencies CIHRCanadian Liver foundation

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Visceral adipose tissue in granulomatosis with polyangiitis: association with disease activity parameters

Clinical Rheumatology ◽

10.1007/s10067-021-05592-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pedro L. Furlam ◽

Mariana O. Perez ◽

Andre S. Franco ◽

Valeria F. Caparbo ◽

Samuel K. Shinjo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis ◽

Visceral Adipose

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Adipose Inflammation in Obesity: Relationship With Circulating Levels of Inflammatory Markers and Association With Surgery-Induced Weight Loss

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2013-2673 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. E53-E61 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Julie Lasselin ◽

Eric Magne ◽

Cédric Beau ◽

Patrick Ledaguenel ◽

Sandra Dexpert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Inflammatory State ◽

Adipose Inflammation ◽

Visceral Adipose

Context: The inflammatory state of the adipose tissue is believed to contribute to systemic low-grade inflammation in obesity. Objective: This study assessed the relationship between adipose and circulating inflammatory markers as well as the influence of adipose inflammation on bariatric surgery-induced weight reduction. Design: This was a cross-sectional and longitudinal study (up to 14 mo). Setting: The study was conducted in the digestive/bariatric surgery department of the Tivoli and Jean Villar clinics, Bordeaux, France. Patients: Thirty-seven obese patients [body mass index (BMI) > 35–40 kg/m2)] seeking bariatric surgery were included. Twenty-eight of them were successively followed up at 1–3 months after surgery and 25 between 6 and 14 months after surgery. Main Outcome Measures: Fasting serum samples were collected before surgery to assess concentrations of inflammatory markers. Samples of visceral adipose tissue were extracted during surgery and gene expression of cytokines and immune cell markers were evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR. Pre- and postsurgery weight and BMI were collected. Results: Gene expression of several cytokines were strongly intercorrelated in the visceral adipose tissue. Adipose expression of macrophage and T cell markers were related to adipose expression of TNF-α and IL-1 receptor antagonist (P < .01) and to systemic levels of TNF-α (P < .01) and IL-6 (P < .05). A higher inflammatory state of the adipose tissue predicted a lower BMI reduction after surgery (P < .05), notably at early stages after surgery. Conclusions: These findings support the involvement of macrophages and T cells in adipose inflammation and provide new information regarding the role of the visceral adipose tissue in the inflammatory state of obesity and its impact on obesity treatment outcomes, such as surgery-induced weight loss.

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Comparison of Associations of DXA and CT Visceral Adipose Tissue Measures With Insulin Resistance, Lipid Levels, and Inflammatory Markers

Journal of Clinical Densitometry ◽

10.1016/j.jocd.2017.01.004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 256-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

John T. Schousboe ◽

Lisa Langsetmo ◽

Ann V. Schwartz ◽

Brent C. Taylor ◽

Tien N. Vo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

Visceral Adipose

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Visceral Fat Reflects Disease Activity in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

Clinical & Investigative Medicine ◽

10.25011/cim.v37i3.21385 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 186

Author(s):

Mesut Aydin ◽

Fatma Aydin ◽

Murat Yuksel ◽

Abdulkadir Yildiz ◽

Nihat Polat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Activity Index ◽

Disease Activity Index ◽

Infliximab Treatment ◽

Visceral Adipose

Purpose: Response to infliximab treatment diminishes as body mass index (BMI) increases in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The purpose of the study was to determine if diminished response to infliximab treatment in patients with AS could be associated with increased visceral adipose tissue rather than increased BMI. Methods: Twenty six AS patients (21 males and five females) who fulfilled the modified New York criteria and who were currently receiving infliximab treatment were enrolled in the study. Pain was measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS). The disease activity and functional status were assessed by the Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and the Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI). The Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI) was used to evaluate mobility restrictions. Weight and visceral body composition were measured without shoes in light indoor clothes using a bio-impedance meter. Results: There was a significant correlation between visceral adipose tissue amount and disease activity under infliximab treatment. In correlation analysis, visceral fat showed significant correlations between BASDAI (r=0.545, p=0.004) and VAS (r=0.458, p=0.019). Total body fat also showed a significant correlation with BASDAI (r=0.463, p=0.017). Conclusion: A significant correlation was found between visceral adipose tissue amount and disease activity in patients with AS.

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Relationship Between Visceral Adipose Tissue and Adiponectin, Inflammatory Markers and Thyroid Hormones in Obese Males with Hepatosteatosis and Insulin Resistance

Archives of Medical Research ◽

10.1016/j.arcmed.2013.04.001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 273-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Fatih Ozcelik ◽

Celalettin Yuksel ◽

Erol Arslan ◽

Sema Genc ◽

Beyhan Omer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Visceral Adipose

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Tart Cherry Juice and Seeds Affect Pro-Inflammatory Markers in Visceral Adipose Tissue of High-Fat Diet Obese Rats

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26051403 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 1403

Author(s):

Michele Moruzzi ◽

Nora Klöting ◽

Matthias Blüher ◽

Ilenia Martinelli ◽

Seyed Khosrow Tayebati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Tart Cherry ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Study Results ◽

Major Player ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Tart Cherries

Background: Tart cherries (Prunus cerasus L.) are a rich source of anthocyanins. They are phytochemical flavonoids found in red and blue fruits, and vegetables that can reduce hyperlipidemia. Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) has emerged as a major player in driving obesity-related inflammatory response. Methods: This study has investigated the potential positive effects of tart cherries on rats with Diet-Induced Obesity (DIO). In particular, the inflammatory status in retroperitoneal (RPW) and perigonadal (PGW) adipose tissue were studied. Rats were fed ad libitum for 17 weeks with a hypercaloric diet with the supplementation of tart cherries seeds powder (DS) and seeds powder plus tart cherries juice containing 1mg of anthocyanins (DJS). In RPW and PGW, expression of CRP, IL-1 β, TNF-α, CCL2 and CD36, were measured by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry techniques. Results: No differences in the weight of RPW and PGW animals were found between DS and DJS groups compared to DIO rats. However, an increase of inflammatory markers was observed in DIO group in comparison with control lean rats. A modulation of these markers was evident upon tart cherry supplementation. Conclusion: Study results suggest that tart cherry enriched-diet did not modify the accumulation of visceral fat, but it decreased inflammatory markers in both tissues. Therefore, this supplementation could be useful, in combination with healthy lifestyles, to modify adipose tissue cell metabolism limiting-obesity related organ damage.

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