scholarly journals Malarial parasites as geographical markers in migratory birds?

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia M Fallon ◽  
Robert C Fleischer ◽  
Gary R Graves
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Dendroica Caerulescens ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Wintering Range

We tested the hypothesis that malarial parasites ( Plasmodium and Haemoproteus ) of black-throated blue warblers ( Dendroica caerulescens ) provide sufficient geographical signal to track population movements between the warbler's breeding and wintering habitats in North America. Our results from 1083 warblers sampled across the species' breeding range indicate that parasite lineages are geographically widespread and do not provide site-specific information. The wide distribution of malarial parasites probably reflects postnatal dispersal of their hosts as well as mixing of breeding populations on the wintering range. When compared to geographically structured parasites of sedentary Caribbean songbirds, patterns of malarial infections in black-throated blue warblers suggest that host–malaria dynamics of migratory and sedentary bird populations may be subject to contrasting selection pressures.

scholarly journals A highly invasive malaria parasite has expanded its range to non-migratory birds in North America

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 20210271
Author(s):  
Angela N. Theodosopoulos ◽  
Kathryn C. Grabenstein ◽  
Staffan Bensch ◽  
Scott A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Plasmodium Relictum ◽  
Ecological Fitting ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Avian Malaria Parasite

Parasite range expansions are a direct consequence of globalization and are an increasing threat to biodiversity. Here, we report a recent range expansion of the SGS1 strain of a highly invasive parasite, Plasmodium relictum , to two non-migratory passerines in North America . Plasmodium relictum is considered one of the world's most invasive parasites and causes the disease avian malaria: this is the first reported case of SGS1 in wild non-migratory birds on the continent. Using a long-term database where researchers report avian malaria parasite infections, we summarized our current understanding of the geographical range of SGS1 and its known hosts. We also identified the most likely geographical region of this introduction event using the MSP1 allele. We hypothesize that this introduction resulted from movements of captive birds and subsequent spillover to native bird populations, via the presence of competent vectors and ecological fitting. Further work should be conducted to determine the extent to which SGS1 has spread following its introduction in North America.

An outer shelf shelly fauna from Cambrian Series 2 (Stage 4) of North Greenland (Laurentia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (S83) ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
John S. Peel
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
North East ◽  
Small Shelly Fossils ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
North Greenland

AbstractAn assemblage of 50 species of small shelly fossils is described from Cambrian Series 2 (Stage 4) strata in North Greenland, the present day northernmost part of the paleocontinent of Laurentia. The fossils are derived from the basal member of the Aftenstjernesø Formation at Navarana Fjord, northern Lauge Koch Land, a condensed unit that accumulated in a sediment-starved outer ramp setting in the transarctic Franklinian Basin, on the Innuitian margin of Laurentia. Most other small shelly fossil assemblages of similar age and composition from North America are described from the Iapetan margin of Laurentia, from North-East Greenland south to Pennsylvania. Trilobites are uncommon, but include Serrodiscus. The Australian bradoriid Spinospitella is represented by a complete shield. Obolella crassa is the only common brachiopod. Hyoliths, including Cassitella, Conotheca, Neogloborilus, and Triplicatella, are abundant and diverse, but most are represented just by opercula. Sclerites interpreted as stem-group aculiferans (sachitids) are conspicuous, including Qaleruaqia, the oldest described paleoloricate, Ocruranus?, Inughuitoconus n. gen., and Hippopharangites. Helcionelloid mollusks are diverse, but not common; they are associated with numerous specimens of the bivalve Pojetaia runnegari. The fauna compares best with that of the upper Bastion Formation of North-East Greenland, the Forteau Formation of western Newfoundland, and the Browns Pond Formation of New York, but several taxa have a world-wide distribution. Many specimens are encrusted with crystals of authigenic albite. New species: Anabarella? navaranae, Stenotheca? higginsi, Figurina? polaris, Hippopharangites groenlandicus, Inughuitoconus borealis, and Ocruranus? kangerluk.UUID: http://zoobank.org/160a17b1-3166-4fcf-9849-a3cabd1e04a3

scholarly journals Correction to: Winter home range and habitat selection differs among breeding populations of herring gulls in eastern North America

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Anderson ◽  
H. Grant Gilchrist ◽  
Robert A. Ronconi ◽  
Katherine R. Shlepr ◽  
Daniel E. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
North America ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
Breeding Populations

The Incursion of Acid Deposition into Western North America

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
W. Ted Hinds
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Automobile Emissions ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Site Specific

Acidification processes in western North America will probably increase in scope and visibility over the foreseeable future. Localized acidification seems more probable for the next few decades than does a generalized acidified deposition over the western States. At least part of current acid deposition downwind of urban areas is associated with automobile emissions. However, increases in coal combustion for power generation might be expected to increase sulphur dioxide concentrations, along with several related acidifying agents. Interactions of air pollutants with orographic precipitation and snowmelt may bring some areas to public attention much earlier than others, depending upon site-specific matters of climate, topography, soils, water-bodies, and biota. Lakes and streams on windward slopes facing large urban or industrial sources of sulphur and nitrogen oxides may be most seriously at risk.

Value of site-specific information for the design of offshore wind farms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Mendoza Espinosa ◽  
Jochen Köhler
Keyword(s):  
Safety Margin ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
A Value ◽  
Probabilistic Characterization ◽  
Clear Guideline

<p>Monopiles are the most common offshore wind turbine support structures. They are to be designed so that resonance with the rotor-passing excitation is avoided. However, the estimation of the eigenfrequencies is strongly influenced by the soil-structure interaction, whose characterization with prior information is associated with large uncertainties. No clear guideline is given regarding the safety margin to be left between the structure first natural frequency and the excitation regions. In this paper, the expected consequences of leaving a certain margin are studied and quantified. The decisions regarding the investment in site-specific characterization are coupled into the decision scenario by means of a value of information analysis. The results provide insight on the efficient allocation of resources at the design point in time and the sensitivity of the decisions regarding the probabilistic characterization of the design scenario.</p>

scholarly journals THE URBIS PROJECT: IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POTENTIAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT AREAS AS A WEB-BASED SERVICE

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Nina Manzke ◽  
Martin Kada ◽  
Thomas Kastler ◽  
Shaojuan Xu ◽  
Norbert de Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
End Users ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Site Specific

Urban sprawl and the related landscape fragmentation is a Europe-wide challenge in the context of sustainable urban planning. The URBan land recycling Information services for Sustainable cities (URBIS) project aims for the development, implementation, and validation of web-based information services for urban vacant land in European functional urban areas in order to provide end-users with site specific characteristics and to facilitate the identification and evaluation of potential development areas. The URBIS services are developed based on open geospatial data. In particular, the Copernicus Urban Atlas thematic layers serve as the main data source for an initial inventory of sites. In combination with remotely sensed data like SPOT5 images and ancillary datasets like OpenStreetMap, detailed site specific information is extracted. Services are defined for three main categories: i) baseline services, which comprise an initial inventory and typology of urban land, ii) update services, which provide a regular inventory update as well as an analysis of urban land use dynamics and changes, and iii) thematic services, which deliver specific information tailored to end-users' needs.

scholarly journals A Fast, Straightforward and Inexpensive Method for the Authentication of Baijiu Spirit Samples by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Beverages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Burns ◽  
Raegan Alexander ◽  
Liliya Snaychuk ◽  
John C. Edwards ◽  
Neil Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
North America ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Price Differences

The Chinese spirit baijiu is currently the world’s bestselling spirit, with more than ten billion liters sold in 2018. This is a figure that puts its sales higher than whiskey, vodka, gin, and tequila combined. The multitude of baijiu varieties available in the market differ in several ways ranging from aging to the traditional artisanship involved in producing the final spirit to several other features, including the rarity of the bottle. A result of these differences is a wide distribution of prices for the various baijiu products. Consequently, a single bottle of baijiu can cost anywhere from a few dollars, up to thousands of US dollars. The price differences among the various baijiu spirits necessitate the existence of reliable scientific methods that can efficiently differentiate and authenticate the qualities of baijiu spirits. In addition, the existence of such methods facilitates the prevention of counterfeit sales of the final product. Considering this, we introduce an analytical chemistry method that distinguishes amongst different baijiu spirits based on fluorescence spectroscopy. Its attributes include the low cost and convenience that allows analysis either before or while the spirit is in the market. Our work herein focuses on the analysis of thirty different varieties of baijiu spirits from six different distilleries from East Asia and North America by fluorescence emission spectroscopy, which is associated to the price of the product. For the analysis, we employed a HORIBA FLUOROLOG 3 (HORIBA—Jobin Yvon) spectrometer. Major advantages of this method include the low cost, as no consumables except a quartz reusable cuvette are required, the minimal waste, and finally the quick processing of data.

Quantitative risk assessment in the Water Safety Plan: case studies from drinking water practice

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertjan Medema ◽  
Patrick Smeets
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Safety Plan ◽  
Water Safety Plan ◽  
System Assessment

System assessment is the part of the Water Safety Plan that evaluates whether a water supply system is capable of producing drinking water that meets the health-based targets. System assessment can be done at increasing level of detail, requiring more site specific information as the level of detail increases. Four case studies are presented with increasing level of detail, showing the type of information that is required for each of these levels and how each level informs risk management. The first case study shows how a system assessment can be performed without other site specific information than the type of source water and the type of treatment processes. The required data for the system assessment are collected from the large body of literature available. The second case study uses site specific microbial indicator data. The third study uses pathogen data and the fourth case study combines data on pathogens, microbial indicators and process parameters. The case studies show that the level of detail required largely depends on the risk management question.

scholarly journals Factors influencing fall departure phenology in migratory birds that bred in northeastern North America

The Auk ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Émile Brisson-Curadeau ◽  
Kyle H Elliott ◽  
Pascal Côté
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Timing Of Migration ◽  
Migrating Birds

Abstract The phenology of migrating birds is shifting with climate change. For instance, short-distance migrants wintering in temperate regions tend to delay their migration in fall during spells of warmer temperature. However, some species do not show strong shifts, and the factors determining which species will react to temperature changes by delaying their migration are poorly known. In addition, it is not known whether a slower migration or a postponed departure creates the observed delays in fall migration because most studies occur far south of the boreal breeding areas making it difficult to separate those 2 mechanisms. We used 22 yr of data at a northern observatory in eastern North America, at the southern edge of the boreal forest, to examine how 21 short-distance migrants responded to changing temperatures. We investigated if those species responding to temperature share life-history features (i.e. diet, size, total migration distance, breeding habitat, timing of migration). The period of migration in each species was, by far, the most important factor predicting the response of a species to temperature. Eight of the 13 species migrating in October changed their migration onset with temperature (usually by delaying migration by 1–2 days/°C), while the migration timing of none of the 8 species migrating in September was dependent on temperature. Furthermore, the absence of a greater migration delay by birds breeding farther from the study site (i.e. Arctic-breeding birds) suggests the mechanism is a postponed departure rather than a slower migration. We conclude that temperature variations in late fall influence the conditions on the breeding grounds, so that birds still present at that time benefit more from postponing their departure in warm weather.

scholarly journals Bird populations and species lost to Late Quaternary environmental change and human impact in the Bahamas

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (43) ◽  
pp. 26833-26841 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Steadman ◽  
Janet Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Greater Antilles ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Modern Distribution ◽  
Distributional Information ◽  
Fossil Records

Comparing distributional information derived from fossils with the modern distribution of species, we summarize the changing bird communities of the Bahamian Archipelago across deep ecological time. While our entire dataset consists of 7,600+ identified fossils from 32 sites on 15 islands (recording 137 species of resident and migratory birds), we focus on the landbirds from four islands with the best fossil records, three from the Late Pleistocene (∼25 to 10 ka [1,000 y ago]) and one from the Holocene (∼10 to 0 ka). The Late Pleistocene sites feature 51 resident species that have lost one or more Bahamian populations; 29 of these species do not occur in any of the younger Holocene sites (or in the Bahamas today). Of these 29 species, 17 have their closest affinities to species now or formerly living in Cuba and/or North America. A set of 27 species of landbirds, most of them extant somewhere today, was more widespread in the Bahamas in the prehistoric Holocene (∼10 to 0.5 ka) than they are today; 16 of these 27 species were recorded as Pleistocene fossils as well. No single site adequately captures the entire landbird fauna of the combined focal islands. Information from all sites is required to assess changes in Bahamian biodiversity (including endemism) since the Late Pleistocene. The Bahamian islands are smaller, flatter, lower, and more biotically depauperate than the Greater Antilles, resulting in more vulnerable bird communities.

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