scholarly journals A Fast, Straightforward and Inexpensive Method for the Authentication of Baijiu Spirit Samples by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Beverages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Burns ◽  
Raegan Alexander ◽  
Liliya Snaychuk ◽  
John C. Edwards ◽  
Neil Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
North America ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Price Differences

The Chinese spirit baijiu is currently the world’s bestselling spirit, with more than ten billion liters sold in 2018. This is a figure that puts its sales higher than whiskey, vodka, gin, and tequila combined. The multitude of baijiu varieties available in the market differ in several ways ranging from aging to the traditional artisanship involved in producing the final spirit to several other features, including the rarity of the bottle. A result of these differences is a wide distribution of prices for the various baijiu products. Consequently, a single bottle of baijiu can cost anywhere from a few dollars, up to thousands of US dollars. The price differences among the various baijiu spirits necessitate the existence of reliable scientific methods that can efficiently differentiate and authenticate the qualities of baijiu spirits. In addition, the existence of such methods facilitates the prevention of counterfeit sales of the final product. Considering this, we introduce an analytical chemistry method that distinguishes amongst different baijiu spirits based on fluorescence spectroscopy. Its attributes include the low cost and convenience that allows analysis either before or while the spirit is in the market. Our work herein focuses on the analysis of thirty different varieties of baijiu spirits from six different distilleries from East Asia and North America by fluorescence emission spectroscopy, which is associated to the price of the product. For the analysis, we employed a HORIBA FLUOROLOG 3 (HORIBA—Jobin Yvon) spectrometer. Major advantages of this method include the low cost, as no consumables except a quartz reusable cuvette are required, the minimal waste, and finally the quick processing of data.

An outer shelf shelly fauna from Cambrian Series 2 (Stage 4) of North Greenland (Laurentia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (S83) ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
John S. Peel
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
North East ◽  
Small Shelly Fossils ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
North Greenland

AbstractAn assemblage of 50 species of small shelly fossils is described from Cambrian Series 2 (Stage 4) strata in North Greenland, the present day northernmost part of the paleocontinent of Laurentia. The fossils are derived from the basal member of the Aftenstjernesø Formation at Navarana Fjord, northern Lauge Koch Land, a condensed unit that accumulated in a sediment-starved outer ramp setting in the transarctic Franklinian Basin, on the Innuitian margin of Laurentia. Most other small shelly fossil assemblages of similar age and composition from North America are described from the Iapetan margin of Laurentia, from North-East Greenland south to Pennsylvania. Trilobites are uncommon, but include Serrodiscus. The Australian bradoriid Spinospitella is represented by a complete shield. Obolella crassa is the only common brachiopod. Hyoliths, including Cassitella, Conotheca, Neogloborilus, and Triplicatella, are abundant and diverse, but most are represented just by opercula. Sclerites interpreted as stem-group aculiferans (sachitids) are conspicuous, including Qaleruaqia, the oldest described paleoloricate, Ocruranus?, Inughuitoconus n. gen., and Hippopharangites. Helcionelloid mollusks are diverse, but not common; they are associated with numerous specimens of the bivalve Pojetaia runnegari. The fauna compares best with that of the upper Bastion Formation of North-East Greenland, the Forteau Formation of western Newfoundland, and the Browns Pond Formation of New York, but several taxa have a world-wide distribution. Many specimens are encrusted with crystals of authigenic albite. New species: Anabarella? navaranae, Stenotheca? higginsi, Figurina? polaris, Hippopharangites groenlandicus, Inughuitoconus borealis, and Ocruranus? kangerluk.UUID: http://zoobank.org/160a17b1-3166-4fcf-9849-a3cabd1e04a3

scholarly journals Malarial parasites as geographical markers in migratory birds?

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia M Fallon ◽  
Robert C Fleischer ◽  
Gary R Graves
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Dendroica Caerulescens ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Wintering Range

We tested the hypothesis that malarial parasites ( Plasmodium and Haemoproteus ) of black-throated blue warblers ( Dendroica caerulescens ) provide sufficient geographical signal to track population movements between the warbler's breeding and wintering habitats in North America. Our results from 1083 warblers sampled across the species' breeding range indicate that parasite lineages are geographically widespread and do not provide site-specific information. The wide distribution of malarial parasites probably reflects postnatal dispersal of their hosts as well as mixing of breeding populations on the wintering range. When compared to geographically structured parasites of sedentary Caribbean songbirds, patterns of malarial infections in black-throated blue warblers suggest that host–malaria dynamics of migratory and sedentary bird populations may be subject to contrasting selection pressures.

scholarly journals NEW, GREEN AND MINIATURIZED ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CEFADROXIL MONOHYDRATE IN CAPSULES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Marco ◽  
Ana Kogawa ◽  
Hérida Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Standard Sample ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Green Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Color Reagent ◽  
Routine Quality Control

Cefadroxil, an oral antimicrobial, presents few techniques optimized for the reduction of solvents and toxic residues and/or non-use of them. So, a quantitative, new and miniaturized method for determination of cefadroxil monohydrate in capsules has been developed and validated by spectrophotometric method in the visible region according to the international guidelines. The analyzes were performed using microplates containing 96 wells, 1 % of phenolphthalein and sodium hydroxide 0.1 M as reagent at 552 nm. The method was (i) linear in the range of 15-115 µg mL-1, (ii) selective when comparing standard, sample, adjuvants and color reagent, (iii) precise with deviations below 4 %, (iv) accurate when comparing the proposed method with the HPLC method, (v) robusts by making small and deliberate modifications to the method, (vi) besides being fast, low cost, eco-friendly and generates minimal amount of waste. The method can be applied to the routine quality control of cefadroxil monohydrate in capsules and an effective and accessible alternative that contemplates the concepts of current and sustainable green analytical chemistry.

scholarly journals Sustainable, Rapid Synthesis of Bright-Luminescent CuInS2-ZnS Alloyed Nanocrystals: Multistage Nano-xenotoxicity Assessment and Intravital Fluorescence Bioimaging in Zebrafish-Embryos

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shashank Chetty ◽  
S. Praneetha ◽  
Sandeep Basu ◽  
Chetana Sachidanandan ◽  
A. Vadivel Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Fluorescence Bioimaging ◽  
Rapid Labeling

Abstract Near-infrared (NIR) luminescent CuInS2-ZnS alloyed nanocrystals (CIZS-NCs) for highly fluorescence bioimaging have received considerable interest in recent years. Owing, they became a desirable alternative to heavy-metal based-NCs and organic dyes with unique optical properties and low-toxicity for bioimaging and optoelectronic applications. In the present study, bright and robust CIZS-NCs have been synthesized within 5 min, as-high-as 230 °C without requiring any inert-gas atmosphere via microwave-solvothermal (MW-ST) method. Subsequently, the in vitro and in vivo nano-xenotoxicity and cellular uptake of the MUA-functionalized CIZS-NCs were investigated in L929, Vero, MCF7 cell lines and zebrafish-embryos. We observed minimal toxicity and acute teratogenic consequences upto 62.5 μg/ml of the CIZS-NCs in zebrafish-embryos. We also observed spontaneous uptake of the MUA-functionalized CIZS-NCs by 3 dpf older zebrafish-embryos that are evident through bright red fluorescence-emission at a low concentration of 7.8 μg/mL. Hence, we propose that the rapid, low-cost, large-scale “sustainable” MW-ST synthesis of CIZS-NCs, is an ideal bio-nanoprobe with good temporal and spatial resolution for rapid labeling, long-term in vivo tracking and intravital-fluorescence-bioimaging (IVBI).

Making and Trading Dress and Décor in Seventeenth-century Scotland

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-436
Author(s):  
T. C. Smout
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rural Wages ◽  
Made In

In seventeenth-century Scotland textiles were made in most districts and marketed widely at home and overseas. Woollens and linens, yarn, cloth, bonnets and stockings, with clear regional specialisations, were manufactured, but they were all of low cost and quality. Comparative advantage came from low rural wages. The wide distribution and character of textile production in the seventeenth century proved of great importance for post-Union success. Among imports the variety and social spread of luxury widened and deepened, though demand was restricted to the upper classes and the middling orders in Edinburgh and other large burghs. The seventeenth century, especially the second half, was a time of widening consumption of exotic articles such as tobacco, sugar and coffee among consumables, Asian silks and cottons (and their imitations) as articles of dress, and wall-hangings and pictures as décor. The social anxiety and economic stress this engendered gave rise to sumptuary laws like that of 1681. These had limited impact, though imports remained sensitive to tariffs. The letters of Andrew Russell, a merchant resident in Rotterdam between 1668 and 1697, demonstrate how this trade was carried out in both directions, and how the market responded to governmental attempts at control.

Σχεδιασμός, σύνθεση και μελέτη υπερμοριακών φωτοβόλων οργανομεταλλικών κλωβών και συμπλόκων εγκλεισμού

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αντωνία Καλούδη-Χαντζέα
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Steady State Fluorescence ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Steady State Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Στόχος της παρούσας διατριβής είναι να κατασκευαστούν «έξυπνες» τοπολογίες σύνδεσης χρωμοφόρων μεταξύ τους για τη δημιουργία φωτονικών κλωβών, με στόχο την εξάλειψη της απόσβεσης της εκπομπής φωτός από τις τοπικά διεγερμένες καταστάσεις. Στα επόμενα κεφάλαια καταγράφεται η προσπάθεια μέσω της οποίας κατέστη δυνατό να αποσαφηνιστεί η πορεία σύνδεσης μέσω αλληλεπιδράσεων συναρμογής, η οποία θα μπορούσε να αποτελέσει τη βάση για τη δημιουργία άκαμπτων τρισδιάστατων υπερδομών με σχεδόν τέλειες κβαντικές αποδόσεις φθορισμού.Τα μόρια που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για την επίτευξη των παραπάνω στόχων είναι οι χρωμοφόρες ενώσεις με την κοινή ονομασία BODIPYs (Boron Dippyromethene). Τα BODIPYs είναι συμμετρικά, συζυγιακά, αρωματικά συστήματα αποτελούμενα από έναν εξαμελή, δύο πενταμελείς δακτύλιους και την ομάδα –BF2 τα οποία συγκεντρώνουν μερικές εντυπωσιακές και ελκυστικές φωτοφυσικές ιδιότητες ενώ παρέχουν και συνθετική ευελιξία λόγω της επιδεκτικότητάς τους σε πολλαπλές υποκαταστάσεις. Στη διατριβή αυτή περιγράφεται η σύνθεση, ο χαρακτηρισμός και η μελέτη διαφόρων BODIPYs , καθώς και η δημιουργία, ο χαρακτηρισμός και η μελέτη φωτοφυσικών ιδιοτήτων, νανοδομών των BODIPYs με οργανομεταλλικές ενώσεις του λευκοχρύσου (Pt), μέσω της τεχνικής της αυτο-συναρμολόγησης. Σε πρώτο στάδιο, έγινε εκτενής φασματοσκοπική ανάλυση με Φασματοσκοπία Ορατού – Υπεριώδους (UV-Visible Spectroscopy), Φασματοσκοπία Φθορισμού Στατικής Κατάστασης (Steady State Fluorescence Spectroscopy) και Χρονικά Αναλελυμένη Φασματοσκοπία Εκπομπής (Time-Resolved Emission Spectroscopy - TRES), σε διαλύτη CHCl3 και 2Me-THF για χαμηλές θερμοκρασίες αλλά και με Φασματοσκοπία Μαγνητικού Πυρηνικού Συντονισμού (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance – NMR) σε διαλύτη CDCl3. Συντέθηκαν λοιπόν οκτώ διαφορετικά BODIPYs, τα οποία εμφάνισαν όλα παρόμοιες φωτοφυσικές ιδιότητες, ανάλογες της κατηγορίας τους, με πολύ υψηλές κβαντικές φωτονικές αποδόσεις. Τις ίδιες κβαντικές αποδόσεις εμφάνισαν ακόμη και εκείνα τα BODIPYs που φέρουν ιώδιο (4), λευκόχρυσο (6) ή και τα δύο (5) – άτομα που ως γνωστόν αποσβένουν με διάφορους τρόπους την εκπομπή των χρωμοφόρων από την τοπική διεγερμένη κατάσταση – με την επιτυχημένη αποκοπή τους από το συζυγιακό σύστημα της χρωμοφόρας. Επίσης για το BODIPY 5 επιλύθηκε η κρυσταλλική του δομή.Έπειτα μελετήθηκαν τα αυτοσυναρμολογημένα σύμπλοκα (9-12) με όλες τις παραπάνω τεχνικές και αποδείχθηκε ότι η αυτοσυναρμολόγησή τους με οργανομεταλλικές ενώσεις του λευκοχρύσου (9, 12) ή ενώσεις που φέρουν ομάδα πυριδίνης (11) δεν επιφέρουν καμία αλλαγή στις φασματοσκοπικές τους ιδιότητες. Η «έξυπνη» τοπολογία σύνθεσης των φθορίζουσων συνιστωσών επιβεβαιώθηκε όταν το σύμπολοκο 10, για το οποίο χρησιμοποιήθηκε το BODIPY 2 δεν διατήρησε τις φωτοφυσικές ιδιότητες του 2 – και αυτό γιατί στο 2 η ομάδα της πυριδίνης με την οποία αλληλεπιδρά το BODIPY με το κέντρο λευκοχρύσου της οργανομεταλλικής ένωσης αποτελεί μέρος του συζυγιακού συστήματος της χρωμοφόρας. Τα σύμπλοκα 9 και 12 είναι παρόμοια, διαφέρουν μόνο στην ομάδα που βρίσκεται στο BODIPY στη μέσο- θέση (ένα μεθύλιο στο BODIPY 3 και στο σύμπλοκο 9 και μία τεταρτοταγής μεθυλο-φαινυλομάδα στο BODIPY 8 και στο σύμπλοκο 12). Στο σύμπλοκο 12 έγιναν και μετρήσεις ηλεκτροφωταύγειας οι οποίες παρ’ όλο που δεν έχουν δώσει υψηλές αποδόσεις, υποδεικνύουν ξεκάθαρα ότι η ιδέα της κυκλικής συναρμολόγησης φωτονικών μονάδων είναι ελπιδοφόρα. Στο σύμπλοκο 11 παρουσιάζεται ένας δέκτης συγκομιδής φωτός ~1200 που - σε συνδυασμό με την 1800 4,4’-διπυριδίνη δότη - μπορεί να παρασκευάσει ένα ισχυρά φθορίζον συγκρότημα χρωμοφόρων [6+6], στο οποίο οι χρωμοφορικές συνιστώσες υπόκεινται σε ακριβή τοπολογικό έλεγχο.Τέλος έγινε προσπάθεια δημιουργίας συμπλόκων εγκλεισμού με γνώμονα τις ηλεκτροστατικές αλληλεπιδράσεις χρησιμοποιώντας το σύμπλοκο 12 με μονάδες πυρενίου που φέρουν ανιονικές σουλφονομάδες, οι οποίες εμφανίζουν εξαιρετική συγγένεια με τα κατιοντικά κέντρα λευκοχρύσου του 12. Η μελέτη καταγράφηκε σε διαλύτη DMF και DMF-d7, εφ’ όσον μόνο σε αυτό τον διαλύτη τα σύμπλοκα διατηρούνται διαλυτά. Τα αποτελέσματα υποδεικνύουν επιτυχή εγκλεισμό των μονάδων πυρενίου ανάμεσα σε δύο σύμπλοκα του 12, και ικανοποιητική μεταφορά ενέργειας μεταξύ τους.

FRET Study Between Carbon Quantum Dots and Malachite Green by Steady-State and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-188
Author(s):  
Bipin Rooj ◽  
Ankita Dutta ◽  
Debojyoti Mukherjee ◽  
Sahidul Islam ◽  
Ujjwal Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Time Resolved Fluorescence ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Time Resolved

Background: Understanding the interaction between different organic dyes and carbon quantum dots helps us to understand several photo physical processes like electron transfer, energy transfer, molecular sensing, drug delivery and dye degradation processes etc. Objective: The primary objective of this study is to whether the carbon quantum dots can act as an electron donor and can participate in the different photo physical processes. Methods: In this work, Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDLs) are synthesized in most economical and simple carbonization method where petals of Nelumbo nucifera L. are used as a carbon precursor. The synthesized CQDLs were characterized by using experimental techniques like UV−Vis absorption, FT-IR, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), steadystate and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Results: The spectral analysis shows that the so synthesized CQDLs are spherical in shape and its diameter is around 4.2 nm. It shows the fluorescence emission maximum at 495 nm with a quantum yield of 4%. In this work the interaction between Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDLs) and an organic dye Malachite Green (MG) is studied using fluorescence spectroscopic technique under ambient pH condition (At pH 7). The quenching mechanism of CQDLs with MG was investigated using Stern-Volmer equation and time-resolved fluorescence lifetime studies. The results show that the dominant process of fluorescence quenching is attributed to Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) having a donor acceptor distance of 53 Å where CQDLs act as a donor and MG acts as an acceptor. Conclusion: This work has a consequence that CQDLs can be used as a donor species for different photo physical processes such as photovoltaic cell, dye sensitized solar cell, and also for antioxidant activity study.

Optical Sectioning Fluorescence Spectroscopy in a Programmable Array Microscope

1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin S. Hanley ◽  
Peter J. Verveer ◽  
Thomas M. Jovin
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Spatial Light Modulator ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Optical Sectioning ◽  
Light Modulator ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Spectrally Resolved ◽  
Imaging Spectrograph

We report the use of a programmable array microscope (PAM) for the acquisition of spectrally resolved and high-throughput optical sections. The microscope is based on the use of a spatial light modulator for defining patterns of excitation and/or detection of fluorescence. For obtaining optically sectioned spectral images, the entrance slit of an imaging spectrograph and a line illumination pattern defined with a spatial light modulator are placed in conjugate optical positions. Compared to wide-field illumination, optical sectioning led to greater than 3× improvement in the rejection of out-of-focus fluorescence emission and nearly 6× greater peak-to-background ratios in biological specimens, yielding better contrast and spectral characterization. These effects resulted from a reduction in the artifacts arising from spectral contributions of structures outside the region of interest. We used the programmable illumination capability of the spectroscopic system to explore a variety of excitation/detection patterns for increasing the throughput of optical sectioning microscopes. A Sylvester-type Hadamard construction was particularly efficient, performing optical sectioning while maintaining a 50% optical throughput. These results demonstrate the feasibility of full-field highly multiplexed confocal spectral imaging.

Direct Comparison of Cavity Ring Down Spectrometry and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry for Detection of Sugar Adulteration in Honey Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 1857-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhavi Mantha ◽  
John R Urban ◽  
William A Mark ◽  
Anatoly Chernyshev ◽  
Kevin M Kubachka
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Isotope Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Honey Analysis ◽  
Cavity Ring Down

Abstract In the last several years, economically motivated adulteration (EMA) of foods including honey has received increased attention. The addition of inexpensive sweeteners such as high fructose corn syrup or cane sugar to honey is still encountered despite scientific methods that can routinely detect this type of adulteration. The standard method for detection of these adulterants utilizes isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS); however, this technique requires an elevated degree of technical knowledge for operation as well as a high cost for purchase and maintenance. Cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) has demonstrated potential for this type of analysis and is less expensive with simpler operation. This study evaluates CRDS for the detection of low-cost sweeteners added to honey and compares the performance of CRDS to IRMS. Several honey samples were analyzed, and the advantages and limitations specific to CRDS were evaluated. Overall, the results indicate that CRDS provides a performance comparable to the benchmark technique IRMS for EMA honey analysis.

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