scholarly journals Spatial spread of Wolbachia in Rhagoletis cerasi populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 20180161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vid Bakovic ◽  
Martin Schebeck ◽  
Arndt Telschow ◽  
Christian Stauffer ◽  
Hannes Schuler
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Spatial Spread ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Rhagoletis Cerasi

The bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia has been used to control insect pests owing to its ability to manipulate their life history and suppress infectious diseases. Therefore, knowledge on Wolbachia dynamics in natural populations is fundamental. The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi , is infected with the Wolbachia strain w Cer2, mainly present in southern and central European populations, and is currently spreading into w Cer2-uninfected populations driven by high unidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility. Here, we describe the distribution of w Cer2 along two transition zones where the infection is spreading into w Cer2-uninfected R. cerasi populations. Fine-scale sampling of 19 populations in the Czech Republic showed a smooth decrease of w Cer2 frequency from south to north within a distance of less than 20 km. Sampling of 12 Hungarian populations, however, showed a sharp decline of w Cer2 infection frequency within a few kilometres. We fitted a standard wave equation to our empirical data and estimated a Wolbachia wave speed of 1.9 km yr −1 in the Czech Republic and 1.0 km yr −1 in Hungary. Considering the univoltine life cycle and limited dispersal ability of R. cerasi , our study highlights a rapid Wolbachia spread in natural host populations.

scholarly journals Outdoor occurrence of stored-product pests (Coleoptera) in the vicinity of a grain store – Short communication

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kučerová ◽  
R. Aulický ◽  
V. Stejskal
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Pest Monitoring ◽  
Stored Product Pests ◽  
Bait Traps ◽  
First Time

The species composition, frequency and abundance of insect pests (Coleoptera) occurring outside a grain store were explored. Wheat bait traps were used for pest monitoring; they were changed every month from April to September. For the first time the outdoor occurrence of primary and secondary stored-product pests was documented in the Czech Republic. Seven species of Coleoptera were found outside the grain store. Pest abundance and frequency were in high correlation. The primary pest Sitophilus granarius was dominant.

scholarly journals Wolbachia-Mitochondrial DNA Associations in Transitional Populations of Rhagoletis cerasi

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Vid Bakovic ◽  
Martin Schebeck ◽  
Christian Stauffer ◽  
Hannes Schuler
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Selective Sweep ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rhagoletis Cerasi

The endosymbiont Wolbachia can manipulate arthropod host reproduction by inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), which results in embryonic mortality when infected males mate with uninfected females. A CI-driven invasion of Wolbachia can result in a selective sweep of associated mitochondrial haplotype. The co-inheritance of Wolbachia and host mitochondrial DNA can therefore provide significant information on the dynamics of an ongoing Wolbachia invasion. Therefore, transition zones (i.e., regions where a Wolbachia strain is currently spreading from infected to uninfected populations) represent an ideal area to investigate the relationship between Wolbachia and host mitochondrial haplotype. Here, we studied Wolbachia-mitochondrial haplotype associations in the European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi, in two transition zones in the Czech Republic and Hungary, where the CI-inducing strain wCer2 is currently spreading. The wCer2-infection status of 881 individuals was compared with the two known R. cerasi mitochondrial haplotypes, HT1 and HT2. In accordance with previous studies, wCer2-uninfected individuals were associated with HT1, and wCer2-infected individuals were mainly associated with HT2. We found misassociations only within the transition zones, where HT2 flies were wCer2-uninfected, suggesting the occurrence of imperfect maternal transmission. We did not find any HT1 flies that were wCer2-infected, suggesting that Wolbachia was not acquired horizontally. Our study provides new insights into the dynamics of the early phase of a Wolbachia invasion.

scholarly journals Study of natural hybridization between Alnus incana (L.) Moench. and Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Banaev ◽  
V. Bažant
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Leaf Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Veins ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Variation of metric and qualitative characteristics of <i>A. incana</i> (L.) Moench. and <i>A. glutinosa</i> (L.) Gaertn. has been studied in 10 natural populations in West Siberia, Russia and the Czech Republic in connection with the problem of natural hybridization. Morphological peculiarities of the species and their spontaneous hybrids are shown. Twelve leaf characteristics were used, in addition, qualitative characteristics were assessed, such as: type of bark, degree of pubescence of leaves and stems, and presence of a &ldquo;tuft&rdquo; in the angles of leaf veins. The reasons for hybridization of these species are discussed.

scholarly journals Virulence and Diversity of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei in Israel and in the Czech Republic

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1031-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Dreiseitl ◽  
Amos Dinoor ◽  
Evsey Kosman
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Virulence Frequency

Three hundred and nine isolates were obtained from three natural populations of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei occurring on wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) at two locations in Israel during 1997 and 1999. Their virulence frequency was determined on 32 differential lines. No isolate was virulent on the differential lines possessing the genes Mla13, mlo, Mlf1, and Mli, and conversely no isolate was avirulent on the differential lines possessing the genes MlRu2, MlLa, Mlh, Mla8, Mla25, and Mlj. The frequencies of isolates overcoming the genes Mlg, Mla7, and Mla27 were 0 to 16% at individual locations; frequencies of isolates overcoming the genes Mla9, Mla17, and Mla18 ranged from 37 to 78%, and frequencies of virulences to genes Mla1, Mla3, Mla6, Mlp1, Mlat, Mla12, Mlra, Mlk1, Mla19, Mla20, Mla26, Mla28, Mla29, Mla30, Mla32, and mlt1 were 79 to 99%. Based on examination of 376 isolates collected in the same years from the Czech Republic, these populations differed greatly from the Israeli ones. The Czech populations showed greater diversity of virulence and lower mean virulence complexity than the Israeli populations. Diversity in the Israeli populations differed also among clusters of niches at the same location.

Cross-amplified microsatellites in the European cherry fly, Rhagoletis cerasi: medium polymorphic–highly informative markers

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Augustinos ◽  
A.K. Asimakopoulou ◽  
N.T. Papadopoulos ◽  
K. Bourtzis
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Rapid Tool ◽  
Rhagoletis Cerasi

AbstractThe European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a major pest of cherries in Europe and parts of Asia. Despite its big economic significance, there is a lack of studies on the genetic structure of its natural populations. Knowledge about an insect pest on molecular, genetic and population levels facilitates the development of environmentally friendly control methods. In this study, we present the development of 13 microsatellite markers for R. cerasi, through cross-species amplification. These markers have been used for the genotyping of 130 individuals from five different sampling sites in Greece. Our results indicate that (i) cross-species amplification is a versatile and rapid tool for developing microsatellite markers in Rhagoletis spp., (ii) the microsatellite markers presented here constitute an important tool for population studies on this pest, and (iii) there is clear structuring of natural European cherry fly populations.

scholarly journals Dynamics of an Ongoing Wolbachia Spread in the European Cherry Fruit Fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schebeck ◽  
Lukas Feldkirchner ◽  
Christian Stauffer ◽  
Hannes Schuler
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
New Host ◽  
Terrestrial Arthropods ◽  
Infection Pattern ◽  
Rhagoletis Cerasi

Numerous terrestrial arthropods are infected with the alphaproteobacterium Wolbachia. This endosymbiont is usually transmitted vertically from infected females to their offspring and can alter the reproduction of hosts through various manipulations, like cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), enhancing its spread in new host populations. Studies on the spatial and temporal dynamics of Wolbachia under natural conditions are scarce. Here, we analyzed Wolbachia infection frequencies in populations of the European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (L.), in central Germany—an area of an ongoing spread of the CI-inducing strain wCer2. In total, 295 individuals from 19 populations were PCR-screened for the presence of wCer2 and their mitochondrial haplotype. Results were compared with historic data to understand the infection dynamics of the ongoing wCer2 invasion. An overall wCer2 infection frequency of about 30% was found, ranging from 0% to 100% per population. In contrast to an expected smooth transition from wCer2-infected to completely wCer2-uninfected populations, a relatively scattered infection pattern across geography was observed. Moreover, a strong Wolbachia-haplotype association was detected, with only a few rare misassociations. Our results show a complex dynamic of an ongoing Wolbachia spread in natural field populations of R. cerasi.

scholarly journals S-Genotype Diversity in Wild Cherry Populations in the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
K. Sharma ◽  
J. Korecký ◽  
E.D. Patrizio Soldateschi ◽  
P. Sedlák
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Forest Tree Breeding ◽  
Wild Cherry ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract Wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) S-genotyping is aimed to uncover and thus make it possible to select appropriate genotypes applicable in establishing commercial plantations and advanced forest tree breeding activities. The general and long-term aim is to increase genetic gain in economically valuable traits while maintaining sufficient genetic variability (represented by diverse S-alleles in population). We genotyped 123 accessions from wild cherry growing areas in the Czech Republic using polymerase chain reaction based length polymorphisms detection of S-RNase and SFB genes. The studied plant material revealed 18 different S-haplotypes, 54 S-genotypes corresponded to 25 defined incompatibility groups of cultivated sweet cherry. Eighteen unique S-genotypes were designated to group ‘0’ as a universal pollinator. Eleven new incompatibility groups were found out, of which four were cross-compatible with sweet cherry cultivars. The most frequent was a new incompatibility group S14S21 followed by the group S12S14. The haplotypes S14 (13%) and S1 (10%) were the most frequent whereas S20 was less frequent in the wild populations of cherry. The present study of S-genotyping in the wild cherry population reveals the genetic diversity structure of natural populations and hopefully will help define the breeding strategy including more accurate planning activities such as the optimal seed design of orchards.

Social variation in size at birth and preterm delivery in the Czech Republic and Sweden, 1989-91

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koupilova ◽  
Vagero ◽  
Leon ◽  
Pikhart ◽  
Prikazsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Social Variation ◽  
Size At Birth

On Geropsychology in the Czech Republic

GeroPsych ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Hana Stepankova ◽  
Eva Jarolimova ◽  
Eva Dragomirecka ◽  
Irena Sobotkova ◽  
Lenka Sulova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Rehabilitation Research

This work provides an overview of psychology of aging and old age in the Czech Republic. Historical roots as well as recent activities are listed including clinical practice, cognitive rehabilitation, research, and the teaching of geropsychology.

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