scholarly journals Cyclic dominance in evolutionary games: a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (100) ◽  
pp. 20140735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Szolnoki ◽  
Mauro Mobilia ◽  
Luo-Luo Jiang ◽  
Bartosz Szczesny ◽  
Alastair M. Rucklidge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Landau Equation ◽  
Simple Game ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Evolutionary Games ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Point Interactions ◽  
Ginzburg Landau ◽  
The Impact

Rock is wrapped by paper, paper is cut by scissors and scissors are crushed by rock. This simple game is popular among children and adults to decide on trivial disputes that have no obvious winner, but cyclic dominance is also at the heart of predator–prey interactions, the mating strategy of side-blotched lizards, the overgrowth of marine sessile organisms and competition in microbial populations. Cyclical interactions also emerge spontaneously in evolutionary games entailing volunteering, reward, punishment, and in fact are common when the competing strategies are three or more, regardless of the particularities of the game. Here, we review recent advances on the rock–paper–scissors (RPS) and related evolutionary games, focusing, in particular, on pattern formation, the impact of mobility and the spontaneous emergence of cyclic dominance. We also review mean-field and zero-dimensional RPS models and the application of the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation, and we highlight the importance and usefulness of statistical physics for the successful study of large-scale ecological systems. Directions for future research, related, for example, to dynamical effects of coevolutionary rules and invasion reversals owing to multi-point interactions, are also outlined.

scholarly journals Co-creating a large-scale adolescent health survey integrated with access to digital health interventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshini Peiris-John ◽  
Lovely Dizon ◽  
Kylie Sutcliffe ◽  
Kristy Kang ◽  
Theresa Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The Impact

Aim This paper describes how we engaged with adolescents and health providers to integrate access to digital health interventions as part of a large-scale secondary school health and wellbeing survey in New Zealand. Methods We conducted nine participatory, iterative co-design sessions involving 29 adolescents, and two workshops with young people (n = 11), digital and health service providers (n = 11) and researchers (n = 9) to gain insights into end-user perspectives on the concept and how best to integrate digital interventions in to the survey. Results Students’ perceived integrating access to digital health interventions into a large-scale youth health survey as acceptable and highly beneficial. They did not want personalized/normative feedback, but thought that every student should be offered all the help options. Participants identified key principles: assurance of confidentiality, usability, participant choice and control, and language. They highlighted wording as important for ease and comfort, and emphasised the importance of user control. Participants expressed that it would be useful and acceptable for survey respondents to receive information about digital help options addressing a range of health and wellbeing topics. Conclusion The methodology of adolescent-practitioner-researcher collaboration and partnership was central to this research and provided useful insights for the development and delivery of adolescent health surveys integrated with digital help options. The results from the ongoing study will provide useful data on the impact of digital health interventions integrated in large-scale surveys, as a novel methodology. Future research on engaging with adolescents once interventions are delivered will be useful to explore benefits over time.

scholarly journals FRONT STRUCTURES IN A REAL GINZBURG-LANDAU EQUATION COUPLED TO A MEAN FIELD

1994 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
pp. 1343-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENAR HERRERO ◽  
HERMANN RIECKE
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Landau Equation ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Opposite Orientation ◽  
Ginzburg Landau ◽  
Separation Ratio ◽  
Ginzburg Landau Equation ◽  
Front Solutions ◽  
Wave Trains

Localized travelling wave trains or pulses have been observed in various experiments in binary mixture convection. For strongly negative separation ratio, these pulse structures can be described as two interacting fronts of opposite orientation. An analytical study of the front solutions in a real Ginzburg-Landau equation coupled to a mean field is presented here as a first approach to the pulse solution. The additional mean field becomes important when the mass diffusion in the mixture is small as is the case in liquids.

FL Instructor Beliefs About Machine Translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Emily Hellmich ◽  
Kimberly Vinall
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Instructor Beliefs ◽  
The Impact

Machine translation (MT) platforms have gained increasing attention in the educational linguistics community. The current article extends past research on instructor beliefs about MT by way of an ecological theoretical framework. The study reports on a large-scale survey (n=165) of FL university-level instructors in the U.S. Findings indicate strong lines being drawn around acceptable MT use (e.g., in relation to text length and skill, policies), an acknowledgement of widespread student use driven by diverse motivations, and the Janus-faced nature of MT's potential threat to the profession. These findings reveal several salient tensions in how MT mediates relationships in language education (e.g., constructions of students, the nature of language and language learning, goals of the profession) that shed new light on the impact of MT technologies on the field. Implications for future research and the development of pedagogical practices anchored in digital literacies conclude the piece.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Ethnic Stacking: Military Defection during Uprisings in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Morency-Laflamme ◽  
Theodore McLauchlin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Group Loyalty ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Does ethnic stacking in the armed forces help prevent military defection? Recent research, particularly in Africa and the Middle East, suggests so; by favoring in-groups, regimes can keep in-group soldiers loyal. In-group loyalty comes at the cost of antagonizing members of out-groups, but many regimes gladly run that risk. In this research note, we provide the first large-scale evidence on the impact of ethnic stacking on the incidence of military defection during uprisings from below, using data on fifty-seven popular uprisings in Africa since formal independence. We find clear evidence for the downside: ethnic stacking is associated with more frequent defection if out-group members are still dominant in the armed forces. We find more limited support for the hypothesized payoff. Ethnic stacking may reduce the risk of defection, but only in regimes without a recent history of coup attempts. Future research should therefore trace the solidification of ethnic stacking over time.

Altered Appearance from Cancer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Paraskeva ◽  
Alex Clarke ◽  
Diana Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Appearance Changes ◽  
Research Studies

Abstract: This chapter delineates various appearance alterations that can result from cancer and its treatment. It focuses on describing the impact of appearance changes involving weight, scarring from surgery, alopecia, ascites, and lymphedema. It also examines the influence of patient-related factors (i.e., gender, age) and treatment-related factors on appearance-related distress. Various models of adjustment to alterations in appearance are presented with particular attention to predisposing factors, intervening cognitive processes, and measurable outcomes identified by large-scale research studies conducted by the Appearance Research Collaboration. Finally, the chapter identifies gaps in knowledge and directions for future research needed to advance the understanding of an individual’s experiences of living with an altered appearance due to cancer.

Throughflow and G-Jitter Effects on Oscillatory Convection in a Rotating Porous Medium

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 781-791
Author(s):  
S. H. Manjula ◽  
Palle Kiran ◽  
B. S. Bhadauria
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Porous Medium ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Landau Equation ◽  
Nonlinear Stability Analysis ◽  
Periodic Mode ◽  
Ginzburg Landau ◽  
Weakly Nonlinear ◽  
Weakly Nonlinear Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The impact of vertical throughflow and g-jitter effect on rotating porous medium is investigated. A feeble nonlinear stability analysis associate to complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE) has been studied. This weakly nonlinear analysis performed for a periodic mode of convection and quantified heat transport in terms of the Nusselt number, which is governed by the non-autonomous advanced CGLE. Each idea, rotation and throughflow is used as an external mechanism to the system either to extend or decrease the heat transfer. The results of amplitude and frequency of modulation on heat transport are analyzed and portrayed graphically. Throughflow has dual impact on heat transfer either to increase or decrease heat transfer in the system. Particularly the outflow enhances and inflow diminishes the heat transfer. High centrifugal rates promote heat transfer and low centrifugal rates diminish heat transfer. The streamlines and isotherms area portrayed graphically, the results of rotation and throughflow on isotherms shows convective development.

Human Influences on Wildfire in Alaska from 1988 through 2005: An Analysis of the Spatial Patterns of Human Impacts

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Calef ◽  
A. D. McGuire ◽  
F. S. Chapin
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Boreal ecosystems in Alaska are responding to climate change in many ways, including changes in the fire regime. While large-scale wildfires are an essential part of the boreal forest ecosystem, humans are changing fire regimes through ignition and suppression. The authors analyzed the impact humans have on fire ignitions and relative area burned with distance into the forest from human access points such as settlements, highways, and major rivers in Alaska from 1988 to 2005. Additionally, a fire prediction model was created to identify drivers for lightning fires in the boreal forest. Human presence increases the number of ignitions near settlements, roads, and rivers and appears to reduce the area burned within 30–40 km of villages and rivers. In contrast to fires near roads and rivers, human presence may somewhat increase the area burned within 30–40 km of highways. The fire prediction model indicated that the probability of fire increases as distance from human settlements increases. In contrast, the model indicated that the probability of fire decreases as distance from roads increases and that the probability of fire in relation to distance from rivers depends on the year of analysis. While the ecological consequences of these human impacts are still unclear, this research shows that human influences on fire regime clearly affect the pattern of fire within 40 km of settlements, which is an area that represents 31% of interior Alaska. Future research should focus on more completely understanding the role of human presence in the suppression of wildfires in interior Alaska.

QoS Oriented Enhancement based on the Analysis of Dynamic Job Scheduling in HPC

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshmi Raveendran ◽  
D. Shanthi Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Quality Of Service ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Job Scheduling ◽  
Dynamic Scheduling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dynamic Allocation ◽  
The Impact

With the advent of High Performance Computing (HPC) in the large-scale parallel computational environment, better job scheduling and resource allocation techniques are required to deliver Quality of Service (QoS). Therefore, job scheduling on a large-scale parallel system has been studied to minimize the queue time, response time, and to maximize the overall system utilization. The objective of this paper is to touch upon the recent methods used for dynamic resource allocation across multiple computing nodes and the impact of scheduling algorithms. In addition, a quantitative approach which explains a trend line analysis on dynamic allocation for batch processors is depicted. Throughout the survey, the trends in research on dynamic allocation and parallel computing is identified, besides, highlights the potential areas for future research and development. This study proposes the design for an efficient dynamic scheduling algorithm based on the Quality-of-Service. The analysis provides a compelling research platform to optimize dynamic scheduling of jobs in HPC.

scholarly journals Disaster management and humanitarian logistics – A South African perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilna L. Bean ◽  
Nadia M. Viljoen ◽  
Hans W. Ittmann ◽  
Elza Kekana
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Humanitarian Logistics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The South ◽  
Management Context ◽  
African Perspective ◽  
The Impact

Disasters are becoming an unavoidable part of everyday life throughout the world, including South Africa. Even though South Africa is not a country affected by large-scale disasters such as earthquakes, the impact of disasters in South Africa is aggravated significantly by the vulnerability of people living in informal settlements. Humanitarian logistics, as a ‘new’ sub-field in the supply chain management context, has developed significantly recently to assist in disaster situations. This paper provides an overview of the South African humanitarian logistics context. Even though humanitarian logistics plays a critical role in the aftermath of disasters, it extends far beyond events that can typically be classified as ‘disasters’. Therefore the implication of the South African humanitarian logistics context on future research and collaboration opportunities in South African humanitarian logistics is also discussed. Finally, two recent case studies in the South African humanitarian logistics environment are discussed.

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