scholarly journals Mechanical modelling of tooth wear

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (120) ◽  
pp. 20160399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksis Karme ◽  
Janina Rannikko ◽  
Aki Kallonen ◽  
Marcus Clauss ◽  
Mikael Fortelius
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Direct Transformation ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning ◽  
Height Change ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tomography Scanning

Different diets wear teeth in different ways and generate distinguishable wear and microwear patterns that have long been the basis of palaeodiet reconstructions. Little experimental research has been performed to study them together. Here, we show that an artificial mechanical masticator, a chewing machine, occluding real horse teeth in continuous simulated chewing (of 100 000 chewing cycles) is capable of replicating microscopic wear features and gross wear on teeth that resemble wear in specimens collected from nature. Simulating pure attrition (chewing without food) and four plant material diets of different abrasives content (at n = 5 tooth pairs per group), we detected differences in microscopic wear features by stereomicroscopy of the chewing surface in the number and quality of pits and scratches that were not always as expected. Using computed tomography scanning in one tooth per diet, absolute wear was quantified as the mean height change after the simulated chewing. Absolute wear increased with diet abrasiveness, originating from phytoliths and grit. In combination, our findings highlight that differences in actual dental tissue loss can occur at similar microwear patterns, cautioning against a direct transformation of microwear results into predictions about diet or tooth wear rate.

Segmental Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis With a Hybrid-Type Distractor in the Management of Wide Alveolar Cleft

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133-1137
Author(s):  
Jianfei Zhang ◽  
Wenbin Zhang ◽  
Steve Guofang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Panoramic Radiograph ◽  
Alveolar Cleft ◽  
Hybrid Type ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maxillary Distraction ◽  
Tomography Scanning

Objective: To investigate segmental maxillary distraction osteogenesis (DO) with hybrid-type distractor in the management of wide alveolar cleft. Patients and Methods: Six patients underwent segmental DO with a hybrid-type distractor. After the success of DO and 3-month consolidation period, removal of the distractor was accompanied by alveolar bone graft with iliac bone. Panoramic radiograph and computed tomography scanning were taken preoperatively (T0) and the day after distractor removal (T1). The crest distance between the long axis of cleft nearby teeth was measured. Result: All patients completed the DO period, and the succeeding alveolar bone graft healing was uneventful. The mean cleft distance decrease was 12.05 mm (range: 10.1-13.5 mm). As for the mobility degree record of abutment tooth in the transport segment recorded, 6 patients were grading I° at T0, while 5 patients were grading I° and 1 patient was grading II° at T1. Conclusion: Segmental maxillary DO with the hybrid-type distractor is successful to reduce the cleft width in these cases, and it is promising in the treatment of wide dental alveolar cleft, especially for the adult patient.

scholarly journals Quality of Silages Made From Meadow Sward From South-Eastern Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-303
Author(s):  
Adam Radkowski ◽  
Iwona Radkowska ◽  
Jan Bocianowski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
The Mean

AbstractWeather conditions prevailing in Poland often cause that meadow sward designated for silage is harvested too late, which decreases the quality of prepared silage. The aim of the research was to assess the quality of silages from dried meadow sward. The silages were ensiled in large cylindrical bales in selected individual farms specializing in milk production. The farms where the research was carried out were located in three voivodeships: slaskie, malopolskie and podkarpackie. In the prepared plant material, the basic chemical composition was determined using the method. When comparing the mean values, it was established that silages from the investigated region had a favourable content of total protein, the highest concentration was recorded for silages from Slask, followed by Malopolska and Podkarpacie. A slightly elevated concentration of crude fibre, fraction of acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF), was recorded. This fact shows that farmers collect raw material, particularly from the first cut, too late. Nutrient value of silages from meadow sward decreases with progressing vegetation. Higher protein and energy losses during sward ensiling were also observed at considerable drying of the plant material. In most cases, silages from the studied farms had a low content of monosaccharides. The carried out chemical analyses showed that in overall assessment the studied silages are of good quality; silages prepared from meadow sward from the third cut had the highest value. Proper technology of preservation of meadow sward is one of important factors in the production of feed for ruminants.

Reabilitação total com porcelanas em paciente acometido por amelogênese imperfeita

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (38) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Weider de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Gabriela Barbosa de Sá ◽  
Tarcísio Pinto ◽  
Gil Montenegro ◽  
Ismael Lucas Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
And Function ◽  
Clinical Problems

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a disorder of genetic origin, linked to the amelogenin gene, which presents developmental abnormalities in the quantity and quality of tooth enamel. The main clinical problems are the extensive loss of dental tissue, occlusal problems, impaired aesthetics, tooth sensitivity and gingival inflammation. This study described a clinical case and the approach in the treatment of a patient with AI, with gingival plastic surgery, porcelain crowns on the posterior teeth, porcelain veneers on the anterior teeth and application of botulinum toxin to correct the gingival smile. AI is an anomaly with complex development and early diagnosis is essential for the conduct and success of the case, to improve aesthetics and function, preserving the characteristic tooth wear.

scholarly journals Immediate Computed Tomography Scanning of Acute Stroke Is Cost-Effective and Improves Quality of Life

Stroke ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2477-2483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna M. Wardlaw ◽  
Janelle Seymour ◽  
John Cairns ◽  
Sarah Keir ◽  
Steff Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning ◽  
Tomography Scanning

TOOTH WEAR AND RELATED FACTORS IN PEOPLE OVER 18 YEARS OLD EXAMINED AT HUE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Tai Tran Tan ◽  
Huong Nguyen Ho Lan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wear Index

Background: Tooth wear leads to many bad consequences such as causing tooth sensitivity, affecting the vitality of the pulp, increasing the risk of tooth decay,… thus reducing the quality of life of the patient. The aims of this study were to investigate prevalence, degree of tooth wear according to Tooth Wear Index (TWI), and to determine related factors to tooth wear. Material and Methods: 298 patients over 18 years old had been examined at Hue Univesity of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from November 2016 to April 2017. All of them had stable overall and mental health and there were at least 20 teeth in the mouth. Tooth wear status and degree of tooth wear are evaluated according to TWI. Identifying related factors to tooth wear. Results: Prevalence of tooth wear was 67.1%, the mean tooth wear index was 0.34 ± 0.32. On average, each object had 12.11 worn sufaces. There was a relationship between tooth wear with age (p<0.05), male (p<0.05), improper brushing (p<0.05), using hard toothbrush (p<0.001), alcohol consumption (p<0.05), grinding habit (p<0.001). Conclusions: The prevalance of tooth wear is still quite high. We need to identify related factors for the consultation and prevention of tooth wear. Key words: Tooth wear, related factors

Are maxillary mucosal cysts a manifestation of inflammatory sinus disease?

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (8) ◽  
pp. 751-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
R P S Harar ◽  
N K Chadha ◽  
G Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Cyst Size ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
Inferior Surface ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sinus Ostium ◽  
Tomography Scanning

AbstractBackground:The aetiology of maxillary mucosal cysts is uncertain. Chronic rhinosinusitis has been proposed as a probable aetiological explanation for their formation.Method:We recruited 500 consecutive patients who had undergone computed tomography scanning of the paranasal sinuses for possible chronic sinus disease. We identified 110 (22 per cent) cases of maxillary mucosal cysts.Results:Patients' mean age was 42.65 years, with a female to male ratio of 0.69:1 (45:65). The mean cyst size was 14.27 mm, and most were located on the inferior surface of the antrum. Only in two cases did the cyst obstruct the sinus ostium. Of patients with antral cysts, 52.7 per cent had computed tomography evidence of sinus disease, whereas only 41.3 per cent of noncyst (control) patients had sinus pathology. The total Lund–Mackay score was significantly greater in the cyst group (n=390) compared with the noncyst group (Mann–Whitney; p<0.05).Conclusion:Chronic rhinosinusitis plays an important role in the aetiology of maxillary mucosal cysts.

Raynaud’s phenomenon and digital ischaemia - pharmacologic approach and alternative treatment options

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Linnemann ◽  
Matthias Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Skin Ulcers ◽  
Digital Ischaemia

Abstract. The primary goal of therapy is to reduce the frequency and intensity of Raynaud’s attacks and to minimize the related morbidity rather than to cure the underlying condition. Treatment strategies depend on whether Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is primary or secondary. All patients should be instructed about general measures to maintain body warmth and to avoid triggers of RP attacks. Pharmacologic intervention can be useful for patients with severe and frequent RP episodes that impair the patient’s quality of life. Calcium channel blockers are currently the most prescribed and studied medications for this purpose. There has been limited evidence for the efficacy of alpha-1-adrenergic receptor antagonists, angiotensin receptor blockers, topical nitrates or fluoxetine to treat RP. The intravenously administered prostacyclin analogue iloprost can reduce the frequency and severity of RP attacks and is considered a second-line therapy in patients with markedly impaired quality of life, critical digital ischaemia and skin ulcers who are at risk for substantial tissue loss and amputation. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil) can also improve RP symptoms and ulcer healing whereas endothelin-1 receptor antagonists (e.g., bosentan) are mainly considered treatment options in secondary prevention for patients with digital skin ulcers related to systemic sclerosis. However, their use in clinical practice has been limited by their high cost. Antiplatelet therapy with low-dose aspirin is recommended for all patients who suffer from secondary RP due to ischaemia caused by structural vessel damage. Anticoagulant therapy can be considered during the acute phase of digital ischaemia in patients with suspected vascular occlusive disease attributed to the occurrence of new thromboses. In patients with critical digital ischaemia, consideration should be given to hospitalisation, optimisation of medical treatment in accordance with the underlying disease and evaluation for a secondary, possibly reversible process that is causing or aggravating the clinical symptoms.

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS HIDUP MELALUI LOGOTERAPI PADA KLIEN YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Abdul Wakhid ◽  
Ana Puji Astuti ◽  
Maya Kurnia Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

Logoterapi merupakan terapi untuk menemukan makna positif dibalik sebuah kejadian yang tidak diharapkan. Logoterapi dilaksanakan secara individu maupun berkelompok dalam bentuk konseling dan berorientasi pada pencarian makna hidup individu. Tujuan logoterapi meningkatkan makna pengalaman hidup individu yang diarahkan kepada pengambilan keputusan yang bertanggung jawab. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan pre-experiment dengan metode pre and post test group, artinya pengumpulan data dilakukan terhadap responden untuk membandingkan kualitas hidup sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total sampling yaitu pengambilan seluruh sampel dengan tetap memperhatikan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Jumlah pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Ungaran sebanyak 21 orang dan di RSUD Ambarawa sebanyak 25 pasien. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t test dependent. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 60.22 dengan skor terrendah 55 dan skor tertinggi 69. Bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 88.72 dengan skor terrendah 79 dan skor tertinggi 103. Hasil uji statistik dengan uji t test dependent diketahui ada pengaruh logoterapi terhadap kemampuan memaknai hidup pada klien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Kabupaten Semarang (p value: 0,0001). Saran perlunya peningkatan kemampuan perawat dalam memberikan layanan kesehatan termasuk pemberian atau pemanduan penemuan makna hidup bagi pasien hemodialysis, agar selain dengan hemodialysis, ada faktor internal dari pasien yang dapat dijadikan sebagai motivasi untuk sembuh dari penyakit.   Kata Kunci: Logoterapi, kualitas hidup   IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH RENAL FAILURE WHO UNDERWENT HEMODIALYSIS   ABSTRACT Logotherapy is a therapy to discover the positive meaning behind an unexpected event. Logotherapy is carried out individually or in groups in the form of counseling and oriented to the search for the meaning of individual life. This study aims to improve the quality of life of patients with renal failure who underwent hemodialysis. This research was conducted by using pre-experiment with pre-post test study. The sampling technique was done by the convenience sampling. The number of patients undergoing hemodialysis as many as 46 respondents. Data analysis was done by using test t test dependent. The result showed that from 46 respondents got the mean of quality of life of patients who had hemodialysis 60.22 with lowest score 55 and highest score 69. Whereas from 46 respondents got the mean score of life quality of patients who had hemodialysis 88.72 with score the lowest score 79 and the highest score 103. The result of statistical test with t test dependent is known there is influence of logoterapi to the ability of meaningful life on client who undergo hemodialysis at Semarang Regency hospitals (p value: 0.0001). Advice on the need to improve the nurse's ability to provide health services, including the provision or guidance of the discovery of the meaning of life for hemodialysis patients, in addition to hemodialysis, there are internal factors of the patient that can be used as a motivation to recover from illness.   Keywords: Logotherapy, quality of life, kidney failure.  

Quality of ram spermatozoa separated with modified swim up method

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Hossain ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
F Naznin ◽  
RN Ferdousi ◽  
FY Bari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fluid Medium ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mass Activity ◽  
Fresh Semen ◽  
Artificial Vagina

Semen was collected from four rams, using artificial vagina and viability%, motility% and plasma membrane integrity% were measured. Fresh ejaculates (n = 32) were separated by modified swim-up separation using modified human tubal fluid medium. Four fractions of supernatant were collected at 15-minute intervals. The mean volume, mass activity, concentration, motility%, viability%, normal morphology and membrane integrity% (HOST +ve) of fresh semen were 1.0 ± 0.14, 4.1 ± 0.1 × 109 spermatozoa/ml, 85.0 ± 1.3, 89.4 ± 1.0, 85.5 ± 0.7, 84.7 ± 0.5 respectively. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in fresh semen quality parameters between rams. The motility%, viability% and HOST +ve % of first, second, third and fourth fractions were 53.4 ± 0.5, 68.2 ± 0.3, 74.8 ± 0.3 and 65.5 ± 0.4; 55.5 ± 0.4, 66.2 ± 0.4, 74.5 ± 0.3 and 73.6 ± 0.3 and 66.7 ± 0.5, 66.8 ± 0.5, 65.2 ± 0.4 and 74.7 ± 0.5 respectively. The motility%, viability% and membrane integrity% of separated semen samples differed significantly (P<0.05) between four fractions. The mean motility% and viability% were significantly higher (P<0.05) in third fraction (74.8 ± 0.3%), whereas the mean HOST +ve% was significantly higher (P<0.05) in fourth fraction (74.7 ± 0.5). All quality parameters of separated spermatozoa were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of fresh semen. The pregnancy rates were higher with fresh semen (71%) in comparison to that of separated sample (57%).Bangl. vet. 2016. Vol. 33, No. 2, 62-70

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