scholarly journals In vivo effects of different orthodontic loading on root resorption and correlation with mechanobiological stimulus in periodontal ligament

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (154) ◽  
pp. 20190108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxiao Zhong ◽  
Junning Chen ◽  
Richard Weinkamer ◽  
M. Ali Darendeliler ◽  
Michael V. Swain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Microct Imaging ◽  
Orthodontic Forces

Orthodontic root resorption is a common side effect of orthodontic therapy. It has been shown that high hydrostatic pressure in the periodontal ligament (PDL) generated by orthodontic forces will trigger recruitment of odontoclasts, leaving resorption craters on root surfaces. The patterns of resorption craters are the traces of odontoclast activity. This study aimed to investigate resorptive patterns by: (i) quantifying spatial root resorption under two different levels of in vivo orthodontic loadings using microCT imaging techniques and (ii) correlating the spatial distribution pattern of resorption craters with the induced mechanobiological stimulus field in PDL through nonlinear finite-element analysis (FEA) in silico . Results indicated that the heavy force led to a larger total resorption volume than the light force, mainly by presenting greater individual crater volumes ( p < 0.001) than increasing crater numbers, suggesting that increased mechano-stimulus predominantly boosted cellular resorption activity rather than recruiting more odontoclasts. Furthermore, buccal–cervical and lingual–apical regions in both groups were found to have significantly larger resorption volumes than other regions ( p < 0.005). These clinical observations are complemented by the FEA results, suggesting that root resorption was more likely to occur when the volume average compressive hydrostatic pressure exceeded the capillary blood pressure (4.7 kPa).

scholarly journals Periodontal Ligament Hydrostatic Pressure with Areas of Root Resorption after Application of a Continuous Torque Moment

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansgar Hohmann ◽  
Uwe Wolfram ◽  
Martin Geiger ◽  
Andrew Boryor ◽  
Christian Sander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Voxel Size ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Torque Moment ◽  
Root Surfaces

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the risk of root resorption, individual finite element models (FEMs) of extracted human maxillary first premolars were created, and the distribution of the hydrostatic pressure in the periodontal ligament (PDL) of these models was simulated. Materials and Methods: A continuous lingual torque of 3 Nmm and 6 Nmm respectively was applied in vivo to the aforementioned teeth. After extraction, FEMs of these double-rooted teeth were created based on high-resolution microcomputed tomographics (micro CT, voxel size: 35 microns). This high volumetric resolution made the recognition of very small resorption lacunae possible. Scanning electron micrographs of the root surfaces were created as well. This enabled the investigation of advantages and disadvantages of the different imaging techniques from the viewpoint of the examination of root resorption. Using the FEMs, the same loading conditions as applied in vivo were simulated. Results: The results of clinical examination and simulations were compared using the identical roots of the teeth. The regions that showed increased hydrostatic pressure (&gt;0.0047 MPa) correlated well with the locations of root resorption for each tooth. Increased torque resulted in increased high-pressure areas and increased magnitudes of hydrostatic pressure, correlating with the experiments. Conclusion: If hydrostatic pressure exceeds typical human capillary blood pressure in the PDL, the risk of root resorption increases.

scholarly journals Finite Element Analysis of Mandibular Anterior Teeth with Healthy, but Reduced Periodontium

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3824
Author(s):  
Ioana-Andreea Sioustis ◽  
Mihai Axinte ◽  
Marius Prelipceanu ◽  
Alexandra Martu ◽  
Diana-Cristala Kappenberg-Nitescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Orthodontic Forces

Finite element analysis studies have been of interest in the field of orthodontics and this is due to the ability to study the stress in the bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), teeth and the displacement in the bone by using this method. Our study aimed to present a method that determines the effect of applying orthodontic forces in bodily direction on a healthy and reduced periodontium and to demonstrate the utility of finite element analysis. Using the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of a patient with a healthy and reduced periodontium, we modeled the geometric construction of the contour of the elements necessary for the study. Afterwards, we applied a force of 1 N and a force of 0.8 N in order to achieve bodily movement and to analyze the stress in the bone, in the periodontal ligament and the absolute displacement. The analysis of the applied forces showed that a minimal ligament thickness is correlated with the highest value of the maximum stress in the PDL and a decreased displacement. This confirms the results obtained in previous clinical practice, confirming the validity of the simulation. During orthodontic tooth movement, the morphology of the teeth and of the periodontium should be taken into account. The effect of orthodontic forces on a particular anatomy could be studied using FEA, a method that provides real data. This is necessary for proper treatment planning and its particularization depends on the patient’s particular situation.

scholarly journals In VivoMicroCT Monitoring of Osteomyelitis in a Rat Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent A. Stadelmann ◽  
Inga Potapova ◽  
Karin Camenisch ◽  
Dirk Nehrbass ◽  
R. Geoff Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Bone Implant Contact ◽  
Bone Changes ◽  
Bone Fraction ◽  
Microct Imaging

Infection associated with orthopedic implants often results in bone loss and requires surgical removal of the implant. The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological changes of bone adjacent to a bacteria-colonized implant, with the aim of identifying temporal patterns that are characteristic of infection. In anin vivostudy with rats, bone changes were assessed usingin vivomicroCT at 7 time points during a one-month postoperative period. The rats received either a sterile orStaphylococcus aureus-colonized polyetheretherketone screw in the tibia. Bone-implant contact, bone fraction, and bone changes (quiescent, resorbed, and new bone) were calculated from consecutive scans and validated against histomorphometry. The screw pullout strength was estimated from FE models and the results were validated against mechanical testing. In the sterile group, bone-implant contact, bone fraction, and mechanical fixation increased steadily until day 14 and then plateaued. In the infected group, they decreased rapidly. Bone formation was reduced while resorption was increased, with maximum effects observed within 6 days. In summary, the model presented is capable of evaluating the patterns of bone changes due to implant-related infections. The combined use of longitudinalin vivomicroCT imaging and image-based finite element analysis provides characteristic signs of infection within 6 days.

scholarly journals Preapplication of Orthodontic Forces to the Donor Teeth Affects Periodontal Healing of Transplanted Teeth

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Suzaki ◽  
Yoshiro Matsumoto ◽  
Zuisei Kanno ◽  
Kunimichi Soma
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Orthodontic Force ◽  
Control Side ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Side ◽  
Orthodontic Forces ◽  
Periodontal Healing

Abstract Objective: To investigate how the preapplication of orthodontic forces to the donor teeth affects the periodontal healing after transplantation. Materials and Methods: The orthodontic force (1.5 cN) was applied to the maxillary right molars of 6-week-old male Spraque-Dawley rats (n = 21) in the experimental side, and the left side of the same animals was used as the control. After 7 days, both right and left maxillary second molars were extracted or replanted. Periodontal conditions were evaluated in the histological specimens 7 days after applying orthodontic force (before and after extraction) and 14 days after replantation. Results: The application of orthodontic force for 7 days significantly increased the periodontal ligament (PDL) space and also the width of the alveolar socket, which resulted in a rich attached PDL to the root surface of the extracted teeth. Significantly more root resorption was also detected in the control side without preapplication of orthodontic force 14 days after replantation. This root resorption might involve in the disruption of the PDL. Conclusion: These results suggested that the preapplication of orthodontic force to the donor teeth increased the PDL width and eased the extraction, which might decrease root resorption after replantation.

The Finite Element Analysis of Stress in the Periodontal Ligament when Subject to Vertical Orthodontic Forces

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Wilson ◽  
J. Middleton ◽  
M. L. Jones ◽  
N. J. McGuinness
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

In the past, vertical intrusive movement of teeth has been considered difficult and most routine clinical vertical movement of teeth has been confined to extrusion. It has been suggested that attempts at intrusion may result in an increased incidence of root resorption and also in occasional devitalization. The displacement and resulting stress fields associated with such treatment can be successfully studied using the finite element method. In the case being considered initial movements are known to be small; therefore, the assumption in the study that the material behaves linear-elastically is considered to be reasonable. This study of vertical tooth movement demonstrated that the maximum cervical margin stress in the periodontal ligament was 0·0046 N/mm2, whilst the highest apical stress was 0·00205 N/mm2 when intrusive and extrusive forces of 1 Newton were applied to the buccal surface of the crown of a tooth model. These stresses were evaluated in the light of previous studies and found to be within the suggested clinical optimum level. However, the periodontal stress distribution following orthodontic loading within this three-dimensional finite element model was found to be highly complex.

scholarly journals Lung-On-A-Chip Technologies for Disease Modeling and Drug Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 7s1 ◽  
pp. BECB.S34252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipasri Konar ◽  
Mahesh Devarasetty ◽  
Didem V. Yildiz ◽  
Anthony Atala ◽  
Sean V. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Natural Progression ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Tissue Models ◽  
Cell Culture Models

Animal and two-dimensional cell culture models have had a profound impact on not only lung research but also medical research at large, despite inherent flaws and differences when compared with in vivo and clinical observations. Three-dimensional (3D) tissue models are a natural progression and extension of existing techniques that seek to plug the gaps and mitigate the drawbacks of two-dimensional and animal technologies. In this review, we describe the transition of historic models to contemporary 3D cell and organoid models, the varieties of current 3D cell and tissue culture modalities, the common methods for imaging these models, and finally, the applications of these models and imaging techniques to lung research.

scholarly journals MMPs and TIMPs Expression Levels in the Periodontal Ligament during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6967
Author(s):  
Christian Behm ◽  
Michael Nemec ◽  
Fabian Weissinger ◽  
Marco Aoqi Rausch ◽  
Oleh Andrukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bias Assessment ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Orthodontic Forces

Background: During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), applied orthodontic forces cause an extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the periodontal ligament (PDL). This is mainly orchestrated by different types of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which are both secreted by periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies already investigated the influence of applied orthodontic forces on the expression of MMPs and TIMPs. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the expression levels of MMPs and TIMPs during OTM and the influence of specific orthodontic force-related parameters. Methods: Electronic article search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science until 31 January 2021. Screenings of titles, abstracts and full texts were performed according to PRISMA, whereas eligibility criteria were defined for in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively, according to the PICO schema. Risk of bias assessment for in vitro studies was verified by specific methodological and reporting criteria. For in vivo studies, risk of bias assessment was adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical cross-sectional study. Results: Electronic article search identified 3266 records, from which 28 in vitro and 12 in vivo studies were included. The studies showed that orthodontic forces mainly caused increased MMPs and TIMPs expression levels, whereas the exact effect may depend on various intervention and sample parameters and subject characteristics. Conclusion: This systematic review revealed that orthodontic forces induce a significant effect on MMPs and TIMPs in the PDL. This connection may contribute to the controlled depletion and formation of the PDLs’ ECM at the compression and tension site, respectively, and finally to the highly regulated OTM.

scholarly journals Safe rebuilding of the periodontal loss an experimental study

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-532
Author(s):  
L.E. Minch ◽  
J.J. Slowinski ◽  
K. Scigala ◽  
R. Bedzinski ◽  
B. Kawala
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bone Apposition ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Orthodontic Forces

Abstract This study aimed at the simulation of bone tissue remodeling within a bone defect with the utilization of the finite element method (FEM), enabling - via elaborated application - objective evaluation of orthodontic forces which positively influence periodontium in vivo. The initial position of each bracket on the passive archwire was registered, and then a geometrical and discretemodel of the appliance was created automatically. Assessment of the dental scans obtained using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) allowed evaluation of the range of bracket displacement: from the initial position to the final one achieved on the active archwire. Those displacements established terminal conditions in the finite element analysis, enabling calculation of orthodontic force levels. An individual design of a tooth with periodontal ligaments and the periodontal defect subsequently loaded with the determined forces allowed simulation of bone remodeling according to Carters adaptation process. Mainly, the bone apposition processes took place in the central part of the periodontal defect, in proximity of the alveolar ridge. However, FEM application in the analysis of bone tissue regeneration within bone defects enables precise evaluation of the achieved changes, therefore allows determination of orthodontic forces positively influencing periodontium in vivo

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