scholarly journals Serological inference of past primary and secondary dengue infection: implications for vaccination

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (156) ◽  
pp. 20190207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Minh Lam ◽  
Huynh Thi Phuong ◽  
Nguyen Ha Thao Vy ◽  
Nguyen Thi Le Thanh ◽  
Pham Ngoc Dung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Transmission Intensity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Screening Performance ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Igg Level

Owing to the finding that Dengvaxia ® (the only licensed dengue vaccine to date) increases the risk of severe illness among seronegative recipients, the World Health Organization has recommended screening individuals for their serostatus prior to vaccination. To decide whether and how to carry out screening, it is necessary to estimate the transmission intensity of dengue and to understand the performance of the screening method. In this study, we inferred the annual force of infection (FOI; a measurement of transmission intensity) of dengue virus in three locations in Vietnam: An Giang (FOI = 0.04 for the below 10 years age group and FOI = 0.20 for the above 10 years age group), Ho Chi Minh City (FOI = 0.12) and Quang Ngai (FOI = 0.05). In addition, we show that using a quantitative approach to immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels (measured by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) can help to distinguish individuals with primary exposures (primary seropositive) from those with secondary exposures (secondary seropositive). We found that primary-seropositive individuals—the main targets of the vaccine—tend to have a lower IgG level, and, thus, they have a higher chance of being misclassified as seronegative than secondary-seropositive cases. However, screening performance can be improved by incorporating patient age and transmission intensity into the interpretation of IgG levels.

scholarly journals Bleeding risks are higher in children versus adults given prophylactic platelet transfusions for treatment-induced hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra D. Josephson ◽  
Suzanne Granger ◽  
Susan F. Assmann ◽  
Marta-Inés Castillejo ◽  
Ronald G. Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Treatment Category ◽  
Dose Trial ◽  
Health Organization

Age-group analyses were conducted of patients in the prophylactic platelet dose trial (PLADO), which evaluated the relation between platelet dose per transfusion and bleeding. Hospitalized patients with treatment-induced hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 platelet doses: 1.1 × 1011, 2.2 × 1011, or 4.4 × 1011 platelets/m2 per transfusion, given for morning counts of ≤ 10 000 platelets/μL. Daily hemostatic assessments were performed. The primary end point (percentage of patients who developed grade 2 or higher World Health Organization bleeding) was evaluated in 198 children (0-18 years) and 1044 adults. Although platelet dose did not predict bleeding for any age group, children overall had a significantly higher risk of grade 2 or higher bleeding than adults (86%, 88%, 77% vs 67% of patients aged 0-5 years, 6-12 years, 13-18 years, vs adults, respectively) and more days with grade 2 or higher bleeding (median, 3 days in each pediatric group vs 1 day in adults; P < .001). The effect of age on bleeding differed by disease treatment category and was most pronounced among autologous transplant recipients. Pediatric subjects were at higher risk of bleeding over a wide range of platelet counts, indicating that their excess bleeding risk may be because of factors other than platelet counts. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00128713.

Health Problems of Adolescence: Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organization:

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-392
Author(s):  
THOMAS E. CONE
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Committee Meeting ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Group 15 ◽  
Health Organization

This is a timely, concise, eminently practical, thoughtfully, even tenderly, written 28 page report of a recent WHO Expert Committee meeting on the health problems of adolescence. The members and the consultants to the Committee deftly summarize the major worldwide trends affecting our adolescent population. The size of this population is staggering; in the age group 15-19 years alone there are already 300 million adolescents in the world, and there seems every likelihood that these numbers will increase rapidly during the next decade.

Aftermath of Covid -19 Pandemic in the community

2021 ◽  
pp. 498-500
Author(s):  
Sholly. CK
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Novel corona virus (COVID-19) is an infectious condition, which can be spread directly or indirectly from one person to another and causes respiratory illnesses, range from common cold to acute respiratory syndrome. The first cases of this virus were found in Wuhan, China. According to the World Health Organization, COVID-19 is serious health concern and has higher risk for severe illness and spreading rapidly all over the world.This novel coronavirus was named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by WHO in February 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 a pandemic, in the year2020 March. A global coordinated effort is needed to stop the further spread of the virus. Among all cases about 92% of the confirmed cases were recorded from China. Initial reports suggest that death rate ranges from 1% to 2% which varies in the study and country. The most of the death have occurred in patients over 50 years of age followed by young children. For the confirmed cases which included both laboratory and clinically diagnosed till now there is no specific antiviral treatment recommended but there is vaccine currently available. Once the virus develops in people, corona viruses can be spread from person to person through respiratory droplets. The viral material hangs out in these droplets and can be breathed into the respiratory tract, where the virus can then lead to an infection. Repercussions of Covid -19 on individuals, families and on front line warriors are countless1.

scholarly journals Inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabin Hamal ◽  
◽  
Rahul Pathak ◽  
Brindeswari Kafle Bhandari ◽  
Anurag Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Infectious Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel

The World Health Organization officially declared infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020 and then as a pandemic on March 11, 2020 with reports of infection from most of the countries of the world [1]. COVID-19 has severely disrupted prevention and treatment for noncommunicable diseases. Severe illness can occur in otherwise healthy individuals of any age, but it predominantly occurs in adults with advanced age or certain underlying medical comorbidities [2]. Since the beginning of the health emergency, particular attention has been paid to the management of patients with chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) because they frequently are treated with immunosuppressive drugs and therefore potentially are exposed to a greater infectious risk than the general population [3].

Mental Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Shazia Ali ◽  
Amat Us Samie ◽  
Asma Ali ◽  
Aashiq Hussain Bhat ◽  
Tariq Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The People ◽  
Working Age ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
Health Organization

Global health issues are a global burden and are relatively common in industrialized societies. The World Health Organization and researchers have developed and rebuilt tools to report the burden of disease affecting mortality and health of the people. Apart from America and Europe, which are at an average of global burden for mental health disease, in some regions it is a major priority to be addressed globally. In South East Asia, one of the affected regions is Kashmir, Northern Indian. Disasters have manifested in various forms encompassing the natural calamities of earthquake, flood, landslides and manmade calamities of violence. Trauma due to manmade calamities has taken over as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the most productive working age group of 12-35 years. The chapter aims to understand the patterns of resilience in people surviving war and conflict in Kashmir over last 60 years. The focus is on the young population of society. Generations in Kashmir have faced the psychosocial impact of ongoing political conflict since the 1980's.

Mental Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Shazia Ali ◽  
Amat Us Samie ◽  
Asma Ali ◽  
Aashiq Hussain Bhat ◽  
Tariq Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The People ◽  
Working Age ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
Health Organization

Global health issues are a global burden and are relatively common in industrialized societies. The World Health Organization and researchers have developed and rebuilt tools to report the burden of disease affecting mortality and health of the people. Apart from America and Europe, which are at an average of global burden for mental health disease, in some regions it is a major priority to be addressed globally. In South East Asia, one of the affected regions is Kashmir, Northern Indian. Disasters have manifested in various forms encompassing the natural calamities of earthquake, flood, landslides and manmade calamities of violence. Trauma due to manmade calamities has taken over as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the most productive working age group of 12-35 years. The chapter aims to understand the patterns of resilience in people surviving war and conflict in Kashmir over last 60 years. The focus is on the young population of society. Generations in Kashmir have faced the psychosocial impact of ongoing political conflict since the 1980's.

Myocarditis Prevalence in Paediatric Dengue Infection: A Prospective Study in Tertiary Hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-608
Author(s):  
Sarah Buntubatu ◽  
Endy P Prawirohartono ◽  
Eggi Arguni
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Awareness of cardiac involvement in dengue infection has potentially valuable management implications. To determine the prevalence of myocarditis in dengue severity, we conducted prospective study of paediatric dengue illness at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from period of July 2015 to May 2016. World Health Organization (WHO) Dengue Guideline 2011 classification system was used. Diagnosis of dengue infection was made based on either by dengue serology and/or NS1 test. Myocarditis was assessed based on elevation of cardiac enzymes, as creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), Troponin I (TnI) and by electrocardiography (ECG). Proportion between groups was compared using the Fisher’s exact test. We analysed 50 children with diagnosis of dengue fever (DF), 12 of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and 23 of dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Myocarditis diagnosed in 53%, 75% and 96% of DF, DHF and DSS, respectively. We found that myocarditis was more prevalent significantly in DSS than DF (p = 0.003).

Predicting the community prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni from the prevalence among 7- to 14-year-olds

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. RODRIGUES ◽  
J. G. WHEELER ◽  
R. SHIER ◽  
H. L. GUERRA ◽  
F. PIMENTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Indicator Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization suggested that the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni among 7- to 14-year-olds be used to guide treatment strategies in endemic areas. This study explores how well the prevalence in that age group predicted the overall prevalence in the community in data from stool examinations (Kato–Katz method) from 180000 people in 3 municipalities in Brazil in 1984 and 1985. The median prevalence was higher in 1984, before community treatment was introduced. There was a strong relationship between the prevalence among 7- to 14-year-olds and the overall prevalence in the community. We present sensitivities and positive predictive values for the use of prevalence in the indicator group to select communities for mass treatment as recommended by WHO. For a range of assumptions sensitivity and positive predictive value were never both above 80%. We suggest that the estimates of validity presented in this paper inform future evaluations of strategies for S. mansoni control.

scholarly journals Prevalence of caries and gingivitis among school children in the municipality of Foca

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Stevanka Djordjevic ◽  
Tanja Ivanovic ◽  
Aleksandra Zuza ◽  
Dajana Nogo-Zivanovic ◽  
Ljiljana Kulic
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Female Students ◽  
World Health ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Republika Srpska ◽  
Carious Teeth

Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of caries and gingivitis among adolescents who attend school in the municipality of Foca, Republika Srpska. Material and Methods. The total number of 352 school children - 135 students of the ninth grade of primary school (aged 15 years) and 217 students of the third and fourth grade of high school (aged 17-18 years) - were included in this cross-section study. The incidence of dental caries using DMFT index and its components was calculated as recommended by the World Health Organization. Periodontal tissue condition was determined using gingival index (GI) by L?e and Silness. Results. The mean DMFT in students age 15 was 6.6, and in students age 17-18 was 9.5. The dominant components of DMFT index in both studied groups were filled and carious teeth. In regards to gender, female students age 15 had significantly greater number of extracted teeth than male students (p<0.05). In older age group, females had significantly more filled teeth than males (p<0.05). Mild gingivitis was present in both studied groups. Conclusion. Our results showed that caries prevalence in the tested groups was high and mild gingivitis was present in most patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of melancholy in swat valley, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Simple Formula ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Complex Mechanism ◽  
Depressed Individual ◽  
Swat Valley ◽  
Health Organization

Melancholy is major mental challenges that is characterize by sadness, sleep disorder, decrease energy, etc. It also have a great social and mental consequences, it is well know that depression will be the second largest cause of disability globally till 2020. The risk are even higher in developed countries. According to world health organization globally it effect more than 121 million people. Depression is a complex and multi-dimensional anarchy according to it has many faces and cannot be describing by one simple formula because it originate from numerous complex mechanism. Multi-faced nature of depression makes it difficult to find out its etiology. The purpose of this study is to find out the prevalence of melancholy in different age groups and genders in district Swat. Overall 300 samples were collected randomly across different age groups and genders in which we found the prevalence of melancholy were 48.3% in which male depressed individual were 27.6% while female depressed were 20.6%. The number of depressed individual were maximum in age group vary from 10-20 which is 15%. To conclude depression is easily manageable but it need understanding that how to control your feeling and thought and think new and positively.

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