Predicting the community prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni from the prevalence among 7- to 14-year-olds

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. RODRIGUES ◽  
J. G. WHEELER ◽  
R. SHIER ◽  
H. L. GUERRA ◽  
F. PIMENTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Indicator Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization suggested that the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni among 7- to 14-year-olds be used to guide treatment strategies in endemic areas. This study explores how well the prevalence in that age group predicted the overall prevalence in the community in data from stool examinations (Kato–Katz method) from 180000 people in 3 municipalities in Brazil in 1984 and 1985. The median prevalence was higher in 1984, before community treatment was introduced. There was a strong relationship between the prevalence among 7- to 14-year-olds and the overall prevalence in the community. We present sensitivities and positive predictive values for the use of prevalence in the indicator group to select communities for mass treatment as recommended by WHO. For a range of assumptions sensitivity and positive predictive value were never both above 80%. We suggest that the estimates of validity presented in this paper inform future evaluations of strategies for S. mansoni control.

Health Problems of Adolescence: Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organization:

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-392
Author(s):  
THOMAS E. CONE
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Committee Meeting ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Group 15 ◽  
Health Organization

This is a timely, concise, eminently practical, thoughtfully, even tenderly, written 28 page report of a recent WHO Expert Committee meeting on the health problems of adolescence. The members and the consultants to the Committee deftly summarize the major worldwide trends affecting our adolescent population. The size of this population is staggering; in the age group 15-19 years alone there are already 300 million adolescents in the world, and there seems every likelihood that these numbers will increase rapidly during the next decade.

Meningiomas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Hovinga ◽  
Y. Esquenazi ◽  
P. H. Gutin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Spinal Tumors ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
The World ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Slow Growing

Meningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors and account for about one third of all primary brain and spinal tumors. They are classified according to the World Health Organization into 3 groups (I–III). Treatment strategies range from observation, surgery, and/or a radiation therapy. Many meningiomas are slow growing and discovered incidentally. Symptoms can vary widely, depending on the location. Patient’s specific factors and the location of the meningioma in relation to critical brain structures are all important factors in determining the optimal treatment. This chapter presents common clinical scenarios of meningioma. Differential diagnosis, perioperative workup, surgical nuances, and postoperative complications are discussed.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Diagnosis, Treatments and Prevention: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Soumik Chatterjee ◽  
Sabyasachi Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Novel Coronavirus are very harmful virus. This viruses have positive single stranded RNA genome and enveloped which is called nucleocapsid. The family of this virus is Coronaviridae. This virus originated from species of avian and mammalian. This virus effect on upper respiratory tract in humans. Many species of these novel coronaviruses (HCoVs) are named as HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63. Predominant species of this virus is Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) across the world.  In both adults and childrens HCoV-HKU1 sp. is causes for chronic pulmonary disease and HCoV-NL63 species causes for upper and lower respiratory tract disease. Most recent species of this virus is MERS-CoV. This species caused for acute pneumonia and occasional renal failure. The new strain of novel Coronavirus is SARS-CoV-2. This strain causes for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease named by the World Health Organization. Now world fighting against COVID-19 and according to the recent statistics report of world about the COVID-19 cases approx 22.6M confirmed cases and 792K death cases appeared and recovered 14.5M. COVID-19 disease starts to spread from December 2019 from china. Covid-19 disease is emerged in Wuhan seafood market at Wuhan of South China and then rapidly spread throughout the world. The corona virus outbreak has been declared a public health emergency of International concern by World Health Organization (WHO). In this article we summarize the current clinical characteristics of coronavirus and diagnosis, treatments and prevention of COVID-19 disease. In this review article, we analyze data from various Research Reports like WHO guidelines and other articles. It is very important to the readers that new data of COVID-19 updating nearly every hour of day regarding clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and outcomes COVID-19 disease. The degree of COVID-19 disease varying throughout the world. COVID-19 affected patient shows various symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, and malaise among others. The COVID-19 disease is being treated through general treatment like symptomatic treatment, by using antiviral drugs, oxygen therapy and by the immune system. There is no vaccine or therapeutic strategies for deal with this disease yet. In this critical situation preventive measures must be require.  A very important issue in preventing viral infection is hand hygiene. There are other entities that people can boosting the immune system and help in infection prevention.

scholarly journals Trends in snakebite mortality in India from 2000 to 2019 in a nationally representative mortality study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Suraweera ◽  
David Warrell ◽  
Romulus Whitaker ◽  
Geetha R Menon ◽  
Rashmi Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization call to halve global snakebite deaths by 2030 will requires substantial progress in India. We analyzed 2,833 snakebite deaths from 611,483 verbal autopsies in the nationally representative Indian Million Death Study from 2001-14, and conducted a systematic literature review from 2000-19 covering 87,590 snakebites. We estimate that India had 1.2 million snakebite deaths (average 58,000/year) from 2000-19. Nearly half occurred at ages 30-69 years and over a quarter in children <15 years. Most occurred at home in rural areas. About 70% occurred in eight higher-burden states and half during the rainy season and at low altitude. The risk of an Indian dying from snakebite before age 70 is about 1 in 250, but notably higher in some areas. More crudely, we estimate 1.11-1.77 million bites occurred in 2015, of which 70% showed symptoms of envenomation. Prevention and treatment strategies might substantially reduce snakebite mortality in India.

scholarly journals Profil Penderita Morbus Hansen di Rawat Inap RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Periode 2016-2018

e-CliniC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deivy A. Makalew ◽  
Grace M. Kapantow ◽  
Herry E. J. Pandaleke
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract: Morbus Hansen (MH) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. World Health Organization data showed that in 2018, Indonesia was the third rank in the world with incidences of 17,017 cases. This study was aimed to determine the profile of MH patients at Irina F-Dermatovenereology of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital. This was a descriptive retrospective study by evaluating medical record files of MH patients hospitalized at Irina F-Dermatovenereology, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital from 2016 to 2018. The results showed that the distribution of MH patients in 2016-2018 was 14 patients, 20 patients, and 18 patients respectively. Most patients were in the age group of 25-34 years (38.46%). Males were more common than females (4.8:1). Most patients were from Manado. All patients had multibacillary (MB) type MH and ENL was the most common reaction (86.54%). The comorbidities were gastrointestinal disorders, electrolyte imbalance, and anemia. In conclusion, the number of hospitalized MH patients was slightly increased from 2016 to 2017 and then was decreased insignificantly in 2018. Most patients were male, in the age group of 25-34 years, came from Manado, multibacillary type MH, had ENL reaction and comorbidity of gastrointestinal disorders.Keywords: Morbus Hansen, hospitalized patients Abstrak: Morbus Hansen (MH) merupakan penyakit infeksi kronik yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium leprae. Data World Health Organization (WHO) pada tahun 2018 menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia menempati peringkat ketiga di dunia dengan jumlah kasus baru mencapai 17.017 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil penderita MH di Irina F Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialaht deskriptif retrospektif dengan cara mengevaluasi berkas rekam medis penderita MH yang dirawat inap di Irina F Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado pada periode 2016-2018. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan distribusi penderita MH pada tahun 2016 sebanyak 14 pasien, tahun 2017 sebanyak 20 pasien, dan tahun 2018 yaitu 18 pasien. Kelompok usia terbanyak ialah 25-34 tahun (38,46%). Penderita laki-laki lebih banyak dibandingkan perem-puan (4,8:1). Penderita terbanyak berasal dari Kota Manado. Semua penderita memiliki MH tipe Multibasiler (MB). Reaksi ENL merupakan tipe reaksi yang terbanyak (86,54%). Penyakit penyerta yang banyak didapati ialah gangguan gastrointestinal, gangguan elektrolit dan anemia. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah penderita MH yang dirawat inap mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2016 sampai 2017, sedikit menurun pada tahun 2018 namun tidak bermakna. Penderita yang terbanyak ialah kelompok usia 25-34 tahun, jenis kelamin laki-laki, asal Kota Manado, MH tipe Multibasiler (MB), reaksi tipe ENL, penyakit penyerta gangguan gastrointestinal.Kata kunci: Morbus Hansen, pasien rawat inap

scholarly journals Agent-based modeling of persons who inject drugs in metropolitan Chicago suggests that re-treatment with antivirals of persons who are re-infected with Hep C is critical to achieve the WHO incidence reduction objective by 2030

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Tatara ◽  
Alexander Gutfraind ◽  
Nicholson T. Collier ◽  
Scott J. Cotler ◽  
Marian Major ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
World Health ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Direct Acting

ABSTRACTHepatitis C (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and mortality worldwide. Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at the highest risk for acquiring and transmitting HCV infection. We developed an agent-based model (ABM) to identify and optimize direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy scale-up and treatment strategies for achieving the World Health Organization (WHO) goals of HCV elimination by the year 2030. DAA is highly efficacious, but may require re-treatment particularly among PWID who at risk for reinfection after cure. Using an ABM approach, we predict that this prohibition will jeopardize achieving the WHO’s goal of reducing 90% of HCV incidence by 2030. We found that DAA scale-up rates of greater than or equal to 5% per year can achieve the WHO target of 90% incidence reduction. Our model simulations underscore the importance of DAA scale-up that includes re-treatment of re-infected individuals in order to achieve significant reductions in incidence.FUNDINGThis research is supported by NIH grant R01GM121600.

The Prevalence of Caries in Children with a Cleft Lip and/or Palate in Southern Vietnam

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjobbe Besseling ◽  
Leander Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Oral Cleft ◽  
Southern Vietnam ◽  
The World ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of caries in South Vietnamese children with a known oral cleft. Setting The children were screened at local dental hospitals in five different cities in southern Vietnam. Participants One hundred fifty-four children aged 4 to 6, 11 to 13, and 14 to 16 years old with a cleft lip, cleft palate, or both were included in the study. Outcome Measurements For every age group, clefts were divided in four types. The dmft/DMFT was specified according to criteria of the World Health Organization (1997). Results The mean number of teeth affected by caries was 9.95 for 4- to 6-year-old children, 2.97 for 11- to 13-year-old children, and 4.93 for 14- to 16-year-old children, respectively. Four- to 6-year-old children with a unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate had significantly more caries and a higher dmft (decayed, missing, and filled teeth index) than children of the same age with only a cleft lip or a cleft lip and alveolus. Conclusions Vietnamese children with an oral cleft have high numbers of teeth affected by dental caries, and special attention will be necessary for their oral health.

scholarly journals Trends in snakebite deaths in India from 2000 to 2019 in a nationally representative mortality study

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Suraweera ◽  
David Warrell ◽  
Romulus Whitaker ◽  
Geetha Menon ◽  
Rashmi Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization call to halve global snakebite deaths by 2030 will require substantial progress in India. We analyzed 2833 snakebite deaths from 611,483 verbal autopsies in the nationally representative Indian Million Death Study from 2001 to 2014, and conducted a systematic literature review from 2000 to 2019 covering 87,590 snakebites. We estimate that India had 1.2 million snakebite deaths (average 58,000/year) from 2000 to 2019. Nearly half occurred at ages 30–69 years and over a quarter in children < 15 years. Most occurred at home in the rural areas. About 70% occurred in eight higher burden states and half during the rainy season and at low altitude. The risk of an Indian dying from snakebite before age 70 is about 1 in 250, but notably higher in some areas. More crudely, we estimate 1.11–1.77 million bites in 2015, of which 70% showed symptoms of envenomation. Prevention and treatment strategies might substantially reduce snakebite mortality in India.

scholarly journals The correlation between progesterone/MII oocyte ratio on the day of trigger and ICSI outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1104-1108
Author(s):  
Nassrin Malik Aubead
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Implantation Rate ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines subfertility as the inability to get pregnant in couples who have more than 12 months maintaining frequent sexual intercourse without the use of contraceptives methods. Subfertility affects approximately 10-15% of couples in fertile age and this figure is increasing. Assess the level of serum progesterone\MII oocyte ratio at the day of a trigger is to determine that if associated with poor ICSI-embryo transfer outcome. A retrospective cohort study carried in the period from Nov.1, 2018 to the end of Nov. 2019, when 50 patients were enrolled within the age between 20-35 years old with mean age (29±5)years and the main age group were in between (25-30) years. The most common cause of subfertility was oligospermia (48.0%) and the HCG was positive in (20.0%) of the patients and negative in (80.0%), Significant association were found between implantation rate and P/MII oocyte ratio (P=0.008), while highly significant association were noticed between pregnancy rate and P/MII oocyte ratio (P<0.001). Progesterone increase should be avoided that lead to advance maturation of the endometrium and impaired endometrial receptivity, so from these results, we concluded that raised serum progesterone\MII oocyte ratio at the day of the trigger is related with reduced ICSI-embryo transfer outcome.

Passion for autism (on the controversial and indisputable aspects of V.E. Pashkovsky monograph “10 lectures on autism”)

2021 ◽  
Vol LIII (1) ◽  
pp. 91-93
Author(s):  
Vladimir D. Mendelevich
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Health Organization

The article analyzes the scientific foundations set out in the book by V.E. Pashkovsky 10 lectures on autism. It is noted that the author expresses his own point of view on autism and does not agree with the position of the World Health Organization and the world psychiatric community on the diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies for autism spectrum disorders. If on the issue of the peculiarities of diagnostics, the authors arguments can be recognized as admissible, since the diagnosis in modern psychiatry reflects the consensus of specialists, then some provisions of V.E. Pashkovsky on the topic of the validity of the use of antipsychotics (neuroleptics) for the treatment of patients with autism should be considered as undocumented and misleading specialists.

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