scholarly journals Understanding post-disaster population recovery patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (163) ◽  
pp. 20190532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Yabe ◽  
Kota Tsubouchi ◽  
Naoya Fujiwara ◽  
Yoshihide Sekimoto ◽  
Satish V. Ukkusuri
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Population Recovery ◽  
Post Disaster

Despite the rising importance of enhancing community resilience to disasters, our understandings on when, how and why communities are able to recover from such extreme events are limited. Here, we study the macroscopic population recovery patterns in disaster affected regions, by observing human mobility trajectories of over 1.9 million mobile phone users across three countries before, during and after five major disasters. We find that, despite the diversity in socio-economic characteristics among the affected regions and the types of hazards, population recovery trends after significant displacement resemble similar patterns after all five disasters. Moreover, the heterogeneity in initial and long-term displacement rates across communities in the three countries were explained by a set of key common factors, including the community’s median income level, population, housing damage rates and the connectedness to other cities. Such insights discovered from large-scale empirical data could assist policymaking in various disciplines for developing community resilience to disasters.

scholarly journals Tracking the global reduction of marine traffic during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David March ◽  
Kristian Metcalfe ◽  
Joaquin Tintoré ◽  
Brendan J. Godley
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Marine Traffic ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Global Impacts ◽  
Economic Zones

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unparalleled global impacts on human mobility. In the ocean, ship-based activities are thought to have been impacted due to severe restrictions on human movements and changes in consumption. Here, we quantify and map global change in marine traffic during the first half of 2020. There were decreases in 70.2% of Exclusive Economic Zones but changes varied spatially and temporally in alignment with confinement measures. Global declines peaked in April, with a reduction in traffic occupancy of 1.4% and decreases found across 54.8% of the sampling units. Passenger vessels presented more marked and longer lasting decreases. A regional assessment in the Western Mediterranean Sea gave further insights regarding the pace of recovery and long-term changes. Our approach provides guidance for large-scale monitoring of the progress and potential effects of COVID-19 on vessel traffic that may subsequently influence the blue economy and ocean health.

Building Community Capacity for Disaster Resilience in Taiwan

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Chun Chen ◽  
◽  
Yi-Wen Wang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Face ◽  
Building Community ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
Community Disaster Resilience

In the face of large-scale, high intensity, and continuously occurring disasters, the concept of community resilience in disaster management has gradually developed and drawn significant attention. This paper focuses on how to build community disaster resilience, based on practical experiences of disaster recovery in Taiwan, for the purpose of increasing community resilience. In order to build community disaster resilience, the Taiwanese central government has designed a community-based process for disaster adaptation. Since 2004, the process has been applied to more than one hundred communities in Taiwan, not only by our research team but also by the Taiwanese government. Two successful cases are used to illustrate our framework for community disaster resilience, which should include the two major components of emergency adjustment and long-term adaptive capacity. Significant factors for making the process operational are clarified so as to form a long-term framework for building community disaster resilience.

Go Out and Reconnect

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 433-458
Author(s):  
Pilvi Posio
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Sense Of Place ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Community Networks ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Post Disaster

Abstract This article contributes to research on community resilience by discussing the relationship of sense of place and social capital. On 11 March 2011, Japan was struck by the Great East Japan Disaster, also known as the 3.11 disaster, which greatly damaged, if not entirely destroyed, built environments and dislocated pre-disaster community networks. Although researchers have increasingly emphasised the importance of social capital to community resilience, the reconstruction of people–place relations in post-disaster settings has remained understudied. Based on an analysis of data collected during eight months of ethnographic fieldwork on long-term recovery in Yamamoto, Japan, this article explains how locals there have renegotiated social networks and their sense of place during their temporal, spatial, and social reorientation following the disaster. Overall, the findings reveal how community resilience can be characterised by a co-constructive relationship of sense of place and social capital.

scholarly journals Wildfire extreme events: Large-scale developments in fire activity of New South Wales, Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nolde ◽  
Norman Mueller ◽  
Günter Strunz ◽  
Florian Fichtner ◽  
Simon Plank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The United States ◽  
Burnt Area ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Fire Activity ◽  
In Fire

<p>Disastrous wildfires have occurred in many parts of the world during the last two years (2019 and 2020), most notably in South America, Australia, the United States, and regions north of the polar circle. Such extreme wildfire events pose a pervasive threat to human lives and property and have thus been widely recognized in the global media. This study focusses on large-scale developments in fire activity. It investigates the occurrence of burnt areas regarding several relevant parameters, namely fire extent, fire severity and fire seasonality. The entirety of those parameters allows an extensive insight regarding large-scale, long-term fire activity trends.</p><p>The burnt area derivation process, which is fully automated, is described in the literature (see reference below). The analysis is based on an extensive set of satellite data, specifically 9,612 granules of the MODIS MOD09/MYD09 product in conjunction with 3,503 tiles of the OLCI (Ocean and Land Colour Instrument) instrument onboard Sentinel-3.</p><p>The study design consists of two parts:</p><p>Firstly, the long-term temporal variability in fire activity, covering the time span from 2000 until 2020, is analyzed for the study region of New South Wales, Australia.</p><p>Secondly, the large-scale spatial variability is investigated by comparing the New South Wales extreme events in 2019/2020 with events of comparable magnitude in California, US and the Siberian taiga.</p><p>The study shows that New South Wales features an upward trend regarding the extent of yearly affected area, as well as a shift towards a prolongated end of the fire season towards the Autumn months. It also shows the exceptionality of the Australian wildfire activity in comparison with other geographical regions.</p><p> </p><p>Reference:</p><p>Nolde, Michael; Plank, Simon; Riedlinger, Torsten. "An Adaptive and Extensible System for Satellite-Based, Large Scale Burnt Area Monitoring in Near-Real Time." Remote Sensing 12.13 (2020): 2162.</p>

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Computer Analyses in Preventive Health Research

1967 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Collen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
New Era ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Normal Test ◽  
Computer Analyses

The utilization of an automated multitest laboratory as a data acquisition center and of a computer for trie data processing and analysis permits large scale preventive medical research previously not feasible. Normal test values are easily generated for the particular population studied. Long-term epidemiological research on large numbers of persons becomes practical. It is our belief that the advent of automation and computers has introduced a new era of preventive medicine.

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