scholarly journals Perceiving and remembering speech depend on multifractal nonlinearity in movements producing and exploring speech

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (181) ◽  
pp. 20210272
Author(s):  
Lauren Bloomfield ◽  
Elizabeth Lane ◽  
Madhur Mangalam ◽  
Damian G. Kelty-Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Narrative Comprehension ◽  
Nonlinear Interactions ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Common Currency ◽  
Text To Speech ◽  
Research Questions

Speech perception and memory for speech require active engagement. Gestural theories have emphasized mainly the effect of speaker's movements on speech perception. They fail to address the effects of listener movement, focusing on communication as a boundary condition constraining movement among interlocutors. The present work attempts to break new ground by using multifractal geometry of physical movement as a common currency for supporting both sides of the speaker–listener dyads. Participants self-paced their listening to a narrative, after which they completed a test of memory querying their narrative comprehension and their ability to recognize words from the story. The multifractal evidence of nonlinear interactions across timescales predicted the fluency of speech perception. Self-pacing movements that enabled listeners to control the presentation of speech sounds constituted a rich exploratory process. The multifractal nonlinearity of this exploration supported several aspects of memory for the perceived spoken language. These findings extend the role of multifractal geometry in the speaker's movements to the narrative case of speech perception. In addition to posing novel basic research questions, these findings make a compelling case for calibrating multifractal structure in text-to-speech synthesizers for better perception and memory of speech.

scholarly journals Perceiving and remembering speech depend on nonlinearity in movements producing and exploring speech

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Bloomfield ◽  
Elizabeth Lane ◽  
Madhur Mangalam ◽  
Damian Kelty-Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Narrative Comprehension ◽  
Nonlinear Interactions ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Common Currency ◽  
Text To Speech ◽  
Research Questions

Speech perception and memory for speech require active engagement. Gestural theories have emphasized mainly the effect of movements of the speaker on speech perception. They fail to address the effects of listener movement, focusing on communication as a boundary condition constraining movement among interlocutors. The present work attempts to break new ground by using multifractal geometry of physical action as a common currency for supporting both sides of the speaker-listener dyads. Participants self-paced their listening to a narrative, after which they completed a test of memory querying their narrative comprehension and the ability to recognize words from the story. The multifractal evidence of nonlinear interactions across timescales predicted the fluency of speech perception. Self-pacing movements that enabled listeners to control the presentation of speech sounds constituted a rich exploratory process. The multifractal nonlinearity of this exploration supported several aspects of memory for the perceived spoken language. These findings extend the role of multifractal geometry in the actions of the speaker to the narrative case of speech perception. In addition to posing novel basic research questions, these findings make a compelling case for imbuing multifractal structure in text-to-speech synthesizers for better perception and memory of speech.

scholarly journals Twitter in Marketing Practice of the Religious Media. An Empirical Study on Catholic Weeklies in Poland

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Iwona Leonowicz-Bukała ◽  
Andrzej Adamski ◽  
Anna Jupowicz-Ginalska
Keyword(s):  
Communication Channel ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Marketing Practice ◽  
Religious Media ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Twitter Account ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Marketing Tool

This article presents the partial conclusion of the research project devoted to marketing activity of Polish Catholic opinion-forming weeklies on the social media platforms. The main aim of this article is to present the results of the study on the use of Twitter as a marketing tool by Polish nationwide Catholic opinion-forming weeklies. The basic research questions concerned the extent of utilizing the platform by the magazines’ editors to create and distribute the content of their media product, maintain and develop brand communication and self-promotion. The case studies and the content analysis of the accounts of the three magazines—Gość Niedzielny, Tygodnik Katolicki Niedziela and Przewodnik Katolicki—show that there are three different ways in how the editors of the magazines understand the role of the Twitter account of the title they represent—as an ‘active communicator’, ‘active communicator and community supporter’ or ‘community supporter’. The conclusions show that the studied media fairly efficiently use the visual and distributional potential of the platform as well as some of its features, at the same time missing the chance to build a brand-loyal community. They also limit the role of Twitter to that of a supplement for the main communication channel, which is the printed weekly and its website.

The Role of Nonadjacent Phonotactic Dependencies in the Perception of Spoken Language

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor T. McLennan ◽  
Paul A. Luce ◽  
Robert La Vigne
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language

Gender Diversity in Computing: An Environmental Perspective

10.28945/3248 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecille Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Female Household Head ◽  
Dominant Female ◽  
Computer Confidence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Research Questions

Previous research conducted by the author investigated the socio-political backgrounds of two groups of female students studying computer-related university programmes. They came from distinctly different backgrounds and were enrolled at two institutions with very different legacies. The author found that socio-political factors, in particular the role of a dominant female household head and aggressive governmental affirmative action, had a significant effect on the girls’ levels of confidence and subsequently on their decision to study computer-related courses. Based on this insight, the researcher undertook to look further into gender diversity with respect to self-perceived general computer confidence and self-perceived ability to program a computer. A sample of both female and male Information T echnology students from very similar disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds was surveyed. The sample of 204 students was drawn from all three years of the National Diploma in Information Technology. The author considered the following research questions: (i) Do males and females studying computer-related courses have differing computer selfefficacy levels? (ii) Do males and females studying computer programming have differing attitudes towards their ability to program? (iii) Do males and females differ in their attitudes towards the programming learning environment?

Globalization, Citizenship, and Subjectivity in Self Construction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Namita Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Field ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Research Questions

One of the profound questions that troubled many philosophers is– “Who am I?” where do I come from? ‘Why am I, where I am? Or “How I see myself?” and maybe more technically -What is my subjectivity? How my subjectivity is formed and transformed? My attempt, in this paper, is to look at “I”, and see how it got shaped. To understand self, this paper tries to show, how subjectivity got transformed or persisted over five generations with changing social structure and institutions. In other words, I am trying to explore self-identity. I have analyzed changing subjectivity patterns of family, and its connection with globalization. Moreover, the research tries to show the role of the Meta field in search of subjectivity based on the following research questions; how my ancestor’s subjectivity changed with social fields? Which power forced them to change their citizenship? And how my identity is shaped within the metafield? The methodology of my study is qualitative. Faced to face interview is taken with the oldest member of family and relatives. The finding of my research is the subjectivity of Namita Poudel (Me) is shaped by the meta field, my position, and practices in the social field.

Cubilin, the Intrinsic Factor-Vitamin B12 Receptor in Development and Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (19) ◽  
pp. 3123-3150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Kozyraki ◽  
Olivier Cases
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Intrinsic Factor ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Human Pathology ◽  
Peripheral Membrane Protein ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Fgf8 Signaling

Gp280/Intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor/Cubilin (CUBN) is a large endocytic receptor serving multiple functions in vitamin B12 homeostasis, renal reabsorption of protein or toxic substances including albumin, vitamin D-binding protein or cadmium. Cubilin is a peripheral membrane protein consisting of 8 Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like repeats and 27 CUB (defined as Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, BMP1) domains. This structurally unique protein interacts with at least two molecular partners, Amnionless (AMN) and Lrp2/Megalin. AMN is involved in appropriate plasma membrane transport of Cubilin whereas Lrp2 is essential for efficient internalization of Cubilin and its ligands. Observations gleaned from animal models with Cubn deficiency or human diseases demonstrate the importance of this protein. In this review addressed to basic research and medical scientists, we summarize currently available data on Cubilin and its implication in renal and intestinal biology. We also discuss the role of Cubilin as a modulator of Fgf8 signaling during embryonic development and propose that the Cubilin-Fgf8 interaction may be relevant in human pathology, including in cancer progression, heart or neural tube defects. We finally provide experimental elements suggesting that some aspects of Cubilin physiology might be relevant in drug design.

scholarly journals The role of habitat configuration in shaping animal population processes: a framework to generate quantitative predictions

Oecologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng He ◽  
Pierre-Olivier Montiglio ◽  
Marius Somveille ◽  
Mauricio Cantor ◽  
Damien R. Farine
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
R Package ◽  
Habitat Configuration ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Alternative Habitat ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Habitat Networks ◽  
Animal Habitat

AbstractBy shaping where individuals move, habitat configuration can fundamentally structure animal populations. Yet, we currently lack a framework for generating quantitative predictions about the role of habitat configuration in modulating population outcomes. To address this gap, we propose a modelling framework inspired by studies using networks to characterize habitat connectivity. We first define animal habitat networks, explain how they can integrate information about the different configurational features of animal habitats, and highlight the need for a bottom–up generative model that can depict realistic variations in habitat potential connectivity. Second, we describe a model for simulating animal habitat networks (available in the R package AnimalHabitatNetwork), and demonstrate its ability to generate alternative habitat configurations based on empirical data, which forms the basis for exploring the consequences of alternative habitat structures. Finally, we lay out three key research questions and demonstrate how our framework can address them. By simulating the spread of a pathogen within a population, we show how transmission properties can be impacted by both local potential connectivity and landscape-level characteristics of habitats. Our study highlights the importance of considering the underlying habitat configuration in studies linking social structure with population-level outcomes.

scholarly journals Motivation, self-efficacy beliefs, and speaking anxiety in language MOOCs

ReCALL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-160
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Bárkányi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Course Completion ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Speaking Anxiety ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Anxiety Levels

AbstractThis paper examines the role of motivation, anxiety, and self-efficacy beliefs and their interplay with regard to speaking on beginners’ Spanish LMOOCs. It answers three research questions: (1) what are learners’ motivations and goals for joining these LMOOCs and how do these relate to foreign language speaking anxiety; (2) how do learners’ self-efficacy beliefs and anxiety levels change as a result of course completion; and (3) is there a correlation between motivation, foreign language speaking anxiety, and self-efficacy beliefs in this context? A mixed-methods research design used quantitative and qualitative data gathered from self-reflective questionnaires and forum discussions. The results reveal that learners with intrinsic motivation are more likely to complete the courses than those who sign up to manage a personal situation or advance in their career or studies. No direct correlation was, however, found between motivation and the other variables under scrutiny. Learners present higher self-efficacy beliefs at the end of the courses than at the beginning, while anxiety levels are affected to a much smaller degree by course completion. Although spoken interactions in this learning environment are not synchronous, apprehension and anxiety prevent many learners from fully participating in the speaking activities.

scholarly journals The microbiome’s relationship with congenital heart disease: more than a gut feeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Feng ◽  
Jason T. Christensen ◽  
Anji T. Yetman ◽  
Merry L. Lindsey ◽  
Amar B. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction

AbstractPatients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for developing intestinal dysbiosis and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction due to abnormal gut perfusion or hypoxemia in the context of low cardiac output or cyanosis. Intestinal dysbiosis may contribute to systemic inflammation thereby worsening clinical outcomes in this patient population. Despite significant advances in the management and survival of patients with CHD, morbidity remains significant and questions have arisen as to the role of the microbiome in the inflammatory process. Intestinal dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction experienced in this patient population are increasingly implicated in critical illness. This review highlights possible CHD-microbiome interactions, illustrates underlying signaling mechanisms, and discusses future directions and therapeutic translation of the basic research.

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