scholarly journals Remote sensing and conservation of isolated indigenous villages in Amazonia

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 140246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Walker ◽  
Marcus J. Hamilton ◽  
Aaron A. Groth
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Population Sizes

The vast forests on the border between Brazil and Peru harbour a number of indigenous groups that have limited contact with the outside world. Accurate estimates of population sizes and village areas are essential to begin assessing the immediate conservation needs of such isolated groups. In contrast to overflights and encounters on the ground, remote sensing with satellite imagery offers a safe, inexpensive, non-invasive and systematic approach to provide demographic and land-use information for isolated peoples. Satellite imagery can also be used to understand the growth of isolated villages over time. There are five isolated villages in the headwaters of the Envira River confirmed by overflights that are visible with recent satellite imagery further confirming their locations and allowing measurement of their cleared gardens, village areas and thatch roofed houses. These isolated villages appear to have population densities that are an order of magnitude higher than averages for other Brazilian indigenous villages. Here, we report on initial results of a remote surveillance programme designed to monitor movements and assess the demographic health of isolated peoples as a means to better mitigate against external threats to their long-term survival.

scholarly journals Congestive Hepatopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9420
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Fortea ◽  
Ángela Puente ◽  
Antonio Cuadrado ◽  
Patricia Huelin ◽  
Raúl Pellón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Surgical Treatments ◽  
Rheumatic Valvular Disease ◽  
Passive Congestion ◽  
Congestive Hepatopathy

Liver disease resulting from heart failure (HF) has generally been referred as “cardiac hepatopathy”. One of its main forms is congestive hepatopathy (CH), which results from passive venous congestion in the setting of chronic right-sided HF. The current spectrum of CH differs from earlier reports with HF, due to ischemic cardiomyopathy and congenital heart disease having surpassed rheumatic valvular disease. The chronic passive congestion leads to sinusoidal hypertension, centrilobular fibrosis, and ultimately, cirrhosis (“cardiac cirrhosis”) and hepatocellular carcinoma after several decades of ongoing injury. Contrary to primary liver diseases, in CH, inflammation seems to play no role in the progression of liver fibrosis, bridging fibrosis occurs between central veins to produce a “reversed lobulation” pattern and the performance of non-invasive diagnostic tests of liver fibrosis is poor. Although the clinical picture and prognosis is usually dominated by the underlying heart condition, the improved long-term survival of cardiac patients due to advances in medical and surgical treatments are responsible for the increased number of liver complications in this setting. Eventually, liver disease could become as clinically relevant as cardiac disease and further complicate its management.

scholarly journals Salivary proteomics in monitoring the therapeutic response of canine oral melanoma

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256167
Author(s):  
Sekkarin Ploypetch ◽  
Sittiruk Roytrakul ◽  
Janthima Jaresitthikunchai ◽  
Narumon Phaonakrop ◽  
Patharakrit Teewasutrakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Oral Melanoma ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Saliva Collection ◽  
Short Term Survival

Saliva biomarkers are suitable for monitoring the therapeutic response of canine oral melanoma (COM), because saliva directly contacts the tumor, and saliva collection is non-invasive, convenient and cost effective. The present study aimed to investigate novel biomarkers from the salivary proteome of COM treated with surgery and a chemotherapy drug, carboplatin, 1–6 times, using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry approach. The expression of a potential salivary biomarker, ubiquitin D (UBD), was observed and verified by western blot analysis. A significantly increased ratio of free UBD (fUBD) to conjugated UBD (cUBD) was shown in the pre-surgery stage (PreS) in OM dogs with short-term survival (STS) (less than 12 months after surgery) compared with that with long-term survival (more than 12 months after surgery). In dogs with STS, the ratio was also shown to be augmented in PreS compared with that after surgery, followed by treatment with carboplatin twice, 4 and 5 times [After treatment (AT)2, AT4 and AT5]. In addition, the expression of fUBD was enhanced in PreS compared with that of AT2 in the STS group. In conclusion, this study revealed that a ratio of fUBD to cUBD in PreS was plausibly shown to be a potential prognostic biomarker for survival in dogs with OM.

P5990In vivo tracking of long-term survival of xenogeneic porcine mesenchymal stem cells seeded on tissue-engineered heart valve implanted in sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Gyongyosi ◽  
D Lukovic ◽  
N Pavo ◽  
A Gugerell ◽  
J Winkler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Insertional Mutagenesis ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Valve Implantation

Abstract Background Long-term survival of xenogeneic transplanted cells in adults requires strong immunosuppression and/or encapsulation of the cells to achieve peripheral transplant tolerance. Purpose The aim of our project was to seed decellularized tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) with xenogeneic (porcine) mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs) transfected transiently (Lipofectamine) with a positron emission tomography (PET)-reporter gene (pMSC-PETr), followed by implantation as pulmonary valve replacement into sheep without immunosuppression. The fate of the seeded pMSC-PETr was tracked via serial in-vivo non-invasive PET-computed tomography (PET-CT). Methods Static cultivation of TEHV scaffold led to successful ingrowth of the pMSC-PETr. For enabling quantitative assessment of viable pMSC-PETr in the TEHV scaffold after in vivo implantation, vials containing 5x104, 2x105, and 4x105 pMSC-PETr were in vitro mixed with the [18F]-FHBG PET tracer for 1 hr, then the non-bound tracer was washed out and vials were in vitro PET-CT imaged, giving reference values. TEHV-pMSC-PETr were then implanted percutaneously into the pulmonary valve position of sheep (n=4) under general anesthesia, while an additional sheep with no valve implantation served as a control. Ten mCi of [18F]-FHBGPET radiotracer was produced for each procedure and serial PET-CT imaging of the sheep was performed at 3 hr, 24 hr, 2 or 3 weeks, and 5 and 6 months after valve implantation. The study followed the Principles of laboratory animal care. Results PET-CT of vials containing increasing number of pMSC-PETr showed dose-dependent tracer uptake in the transfected cells in vitro (Figure). PET-CT images of the sheep 3 hr after implantation of the TEHV-pMSC-PETr showed a clear signal of transfected cells, with a mean estimated number of viable pMSC-PETr of 5.18±1.19x106. No meaningful decrease of the amount of living cells occurred at 24 hr or 2 or 3 weeks. Interestingly, 5- and 6-month follow-up PET-CT images showed clear in vivo and in vitro (after explantation) PET signals of the pMSC-PETr on TEHV, indicating spontaneous stable transfection of the PET reporter plasmid (insertional mutagenesis). Histology confirmed the survival of the pMSC-PETr at 5 and 6-month after xenogeneic transplantation. Merged immunohistochemistry and fluorescence imaging of anti-pig SLA I and anti-sheep MHC I antibodies and PET-reporter gene (HSV1-tk) suggested in vivo inter-species lateral jump gene transfer between pig MSCs and host sheep cells. Figure 1 Conclusions This is the first report on serial non-invasive in vivo tracking of long-term survival of xenogeneic pMSCs-PETr seeded on TEHVs and percutaneously implanted into the pulmonary position of sheep. Long-term follow-up revealed spontaneous stable transfection of the plasmid PET-reporter gene, which suggests the risk of insertional mutagenesis induced by the plasmid (transposon), and PET-reporter gene shuttle from xenogeneic pig MSCs to sheep cells. Acknowledgement/Funding LifeValve EU project (grant number: 242008)

scholarly journals Automated satellite remote sensing of giant kelp at the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0257933
Author(s):  
Henry F. Houskeeper ◽  
Isaac S. Rosenthal ◽  
Katherine C. Cavanaugh ◽  
Camille Pawlak ◽  
Laura Trouille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Kelp Forests ◽  
Giant Kelp ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Islas Malvinas

Giant kelp populations that support productive and diverse coastal ecosystems at temperate and subpolar latitudes of both hemispheres are vulnerable to changing climate conditions as well as direct human impacts. Observations of giant kelp forests are spatially and temporally uneven, with disproportionate coverage in the northern hemisphere, despite the size and comparable density of southern hemisphere kelp forests. Satellite imagery enables the mapping of existing and historical giant kelp populations in understudied regions, but automating the detection of giant kelp using satellite imagery requires approaches that are robust to the optical complexity of the shallow, nearshore environment. We present and compare two approaches for automating the detection of giant kelp in satellite datasets: one based on crowd sourcing of satellite imagery classifications and another based on a decision tree paired with a spectral unmixing algorithm (automated using Google Earth Engine). Both approaches are applied to satellite imagery (Landsat) of the Falkland Islands or Islas Malvinas (FLK), an archipelago in the southern Atlantic Ocean that supports expansive giant kelp ecosystems. The performance of each method is evaluated by comparing the automated classifications with a subset of expert-annotated imagery (8 images spanning the majority of our continuous timeseries, cumulatively covering over 2,700 km of coastline, and including all relevant sensors). Using the remote sensing approaches evaluated herein, we present the first continuous timeseries of giant kelp observations in the FLK region using Landsat imagery spanning over three decades. We do not detect evidence of long-term change in the FLK region, although we observe a recent decline in total canopy area from 2017–2021. Using a nitrate model based on nearby ocean state measurements obtained from ships and incorporating satellite sea surface temperature products, we find that the area of giant kelp forests in the FLK region is positively correlated with the nitrate content observed during the prior year. Our results indicate that giant kelp classifications using citizen science are approximately consistent with classifications based on a state-of-the-art automated spectral approach. Despite differences in accuracy and sensitivity, both approaches find high interannual variability that impedes the detection of potential long-term changes in giant kelp canopy area, although recent canopy area declines are notable and should continue to be monitored carefully.

Distribution and abundance of spectacled hare-wallabies and euros on Barrow Island, Western Australia

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Short ◽  
B Turner
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Empirical Measure ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Viable Population ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Minimum Viable Population Size

Spectacled hare-wallabies (Lagorchestes conspicillatus) and euros (Macropus robustus isabellinus) occur on Barrow I. at densities of 42 and 8 km-2, respectively, which result in estimates of total population sizes of c. 10000 and 1800, respectively. Spectacled hare-wallabies occur throughout the island in all habitat types; euros tend to be concentrated in the deeply dissected country in the central-west of the island. Limited areas of floodout flats are important feeding areas for euros, being the only major habitat on the island dominated by grasses other than Triodia. There was no significant difference between density of either species on the two halves of the island (one half is dominated by a commercial oilfield; the other is relatively undisturbed). Barrow I. is the smallest island off the Australian coast to have successfully supported a population of large macropods for the 8000-10000 years since separation from the mainland by rising sea-level. Hence, the population estimate of euros on Barrow I. provides an empirical measure of the viable population size necessary for the long-term survival of large macropods. This estimate is nearly two orders of magnitude less than that estimated from a theoretical model of minimum viable population size (Belovsky 1987).

P4687Relevance of TAPSE and FAC, and their relationship to PASP as echo-derived measures for RV-PA coupling in heart failure: a comparative analysis with invasive RV-pressure volume loop data

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Schmeisser ◽  
T Rauwolf ◽  
A Ghanem ◽  
J Handerer ◽  
K Fischbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Contraction ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Area Change ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Background Right ventricular (RV) to pulmonary artery (PA) coupling (C), quantified by pressure volume (PV) loop analysis, predicts RV function, and is independently associated with long term survival in systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, the PV loop technique is invasive and complex to carry out, especially when used to do RV functional analyses. Different echo-surrogate parameters are proposed to measure RV-PA-C, such as the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, TAPSE/PAsystolic pressure (SP) and FAC (fractional area change)/PASP as the most promising parameters. However, up to now, no validation of these non-invasive coupling indices with the invasive gold standard method of RV-PV-loops has been done. Methods In 111 patients with advanced HFrEF (Post-hoc analysis of Magdeburger CRT Responder Trial, DRKS00011133), echo-derived TAPSE and FAC, and their relationship to PASP were related to the RV PV-loop-derived parameters of intrinsic RV contractility (Ees), pulmonary load (Ea), and the RV-PA-C efficiency (Ees/Ea) by linear regression analysis. Within a MRI substudy (n=49 patients) we examined the relationship of pure longitudinal contraction (MRI-TAPSE) and radial free wall to septum contraction (area change of 5 RV segments from tricuspid valve to apex in the short axis view) to the invasive RV-PA-C. Results The MRI analysis demonstrated that radial RV contraction (R2=0.77, p<0.001) correlated better to invasive RV-PA-C than pure longitudinal shortening (R2=0.37, p<0.001) (radial vs. longitudinal: p<0.00). Echo data for the entire patient cohort confirmed the MRI data. The FAC (R2=0.8, p<0.001) was significantly better associated with RV-PA-C than TAPSE (R2=0.57, p<0.001) (TAPSE vs FAC, p<0.001). Placing TAPSE or FAC into a quotient with PASP did not at all (TAPSE vs. TAPSE/PASP, p=0.1) or significantly attenuated (FAC vs. FAC/PASP R2=0.8 vs 0.58, p<0.001) their association to RV-PA-C. However, FAC/PASP and TAPSE/PASP correlated significantly better with global afterload (Eea), PA compliance, and pressure volume area (PVA), (p<0.001). In ROC analysis for all-cause mortality, all 4 tested parameters were prognostic relevant, however, with higher AUC values for FAC/PASP (AUC=0.74, p<0.001) and TAPSE/PASP (AUC=0.74, p<0.001) than for single TAPSE (AUC= 0.71, p=0.001) or FAC (AUC=0.7, p=0.001). Within a multivariate Cox regression analysis, only the FAC/PASP remained an independent predictor for long term survival. Conclusion FAC, an echo parameter that includes a predominant radial with a smaller part of longitudinal contraction, correlated significantly better to the invasively derived RV-PA-C-ratio than pure longitudinal RV shortening (TAPSE). Combining FAC or TAPSE with PASP did not improve the non-invasive RV-PA coupling information. However, it provided more comprehensive information on pulmonary vascular load and RV oxygen consumption, which seems to be translated into a higher prognostic power. Acknowledgement/Funding scientific grant from Boston Scientific

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document