scholarly journals Genetic structure and diversity of the endangered growling grass frog in a rapidly urbanizing region

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 140255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire C. Keely ◽  
Joshua M. Hale ◽  
Geoffrey W. Heard ◽  
Kirsten M. Parris ◽  
Joanna Sumner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure And Diversity

Two pervasive and fundamental impacts of urbanization are the loss and fragmentation of natural habitats. From a genetic perspective, these impacts manifest as reduced genetic diversity and ultimately reduced genetic viability. The growling grass frog ( Litoria raniformis ) is listed as vulnerable to extinction in Australia, and endangered in the state of Victoria. Remaining populations of this species in and around the city of Melbourne are threatened by habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation due to urban expansion. We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellites to study the genetic structure and diversity of L. raniformis across Melbourne's urban fringe, and also screened four nuclear gene regions (POMC, RAG-1, Rhod and CRYBA1). The mtDNA and nuclear DNA sequences revealed low levels of genetic diversity throughout remnant populations of L. raniformis . However, one of the four regions studied, Cardinia, exhibited relatively high genetic diversity and several unique haplotypes, suggesting this region should be recognized as a separate Management Unit. We discuss the implications of these results for the conservation of L. raniformis in urbanizing landscapes, particularly the potential risks and benefits of translocation, which remains a contentious management approach for this species.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Genetic Structure and Diversity of Upland Cotton Groups in Different Planting Areas Based on SNP Markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeliang Zhang ◽  
Junduo Wang ◽  
Zhaolong Gong ◽  
Yajun Liang ◽  
Xiantao Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Genetic Structure And Diversity

Genetic diversity, kinship and population genetic structure analyses of Gossypium hirsutum germplasm can provide a better understanding of the origin and evolution of G. hirsutum biodiversity. In this study, 1313331 SNP molecular markers were used to construct a phylogenetic tree of each sample using MEGAX, to perform population structure analysis by ADMIXTURE software and principal component analysis (PCA) by EIGENSOFT software, and to estimate relatedness using SPAGeDi. ADMIXTURE software divided the experimental cotton population into 16 subgroups, and the Gossypium hirsutum samples could be roughly clustered according to source place, but there were some overlapping characteristics among samples. The experimental cotton population was divided into six groups according to source to calculate the genetic diversity index (H), and the obtained value (0.306) was close to that for germplasm collected by others in China. Cluster 4 had a relatively high genetic diversity level (0.390). The degrees of genetic differentiation within the experimental cotton population groups were low (the population differentiation indexes ranged from 0.02368 to 0.10664). The genetic distance among cotton accessions varied from 0.000332651 to 0.562664014, with an average of 0.25240429. The results of this study may provide a basis for mining elite alleles and using them for subsequent association analysis.

scholarly journals Geographic Structure of Mitochondrial and Nuclear Gene Polymorphisms in Australian Green Turtle Populations and Male-Biased Gene Flow

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 1843-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy N FitzSimmons ◽  
Craig Moritz ◽  
Colin J Limpus ◽  
Lisa Pope ◽  
Robert Prince
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Green Turtle ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Microsatellite Data ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Infinite Allele Model

Abstract The genetic structure of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) rookeries located around the Australian coast was assessed by (1) comparing the structure found within and among geographic regions, (2) comparing microsatellite loci vs. restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of anonymous single copy nuclear DNA (ascnDNA) loci, and (3) comparing the structure found at nuclear DNA markers to that of previously analyzed mitochondrial (mtDNA) control region sequences. Significant genetic structure was observed over all regions at both sets of nuclear markers, though the microsatellite data provided greater resolution in identifying significant genetic differences in pairwise tests between regions. Inferences about population structure and migration rates from the microsatellite data varied depending on whether statistics were based on the stepwise mutation or infinite allele model, with the latter being more congruent with geography. Estimated rates of gene flow were generally higher than expected for nuclear DNA (nDNA) in comparison to mtDNA, and this difference was most pronounced in comparisons between the northern and southern Great Barrier Reef (GBR). The genetic data combined with results from physical tagging studies indicate that the lack of nuclear gene divergence through the GBR is likely due to the migration of sGBR turtles through the courtship area of the nGBR population, rather than male-biased dispersal. This example highlights the value of combining comparative studies of molecular variation with ecological data to infer population processes.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Genetic structure of Longtail Tuna Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker, 1851) in Java Sea, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DANIE AL MALIK ◽  
NI PUTU DIAN PERTIWI ◽  
ANDRIANUS SEMBIRING ◽  
NI LUH ASTRIA YUSMALINDA ◽  
ENEX YUNIARTI NINGSIH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
P Value ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Fisheries Sustainability ◽  
Java Sea ◽  
Longtail Tuna

Abstract. Al Malik MD, Pertiwi NPD, Sembiring A, Yusmalinda NLA, Ningsing EY, Astarini IA. 2020. Short Communication: Genetic structure of Longtail Tuna Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker, 1851) in Java Sea, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3637-3643. Thunnus tonggol (Longtail Tuna) is an economically important fish found in Indonesia waters, however, the information regarding this fish is lacking. Known to be a neritic fish and found in shallow water, Java Sea is one of the ideal habitats for T. tonggol species. Due to high fishing rates activities in Java Sea, a better management plan to ensure the conservation and fisheries sustainability around this area is needed, especially to protect T. tonggol population. In order to complete the Indonesian tuna data, we aim to study the diversity and genetic structure of T. tonggol in Java Sea at three different locations; i.e. Semarang, Banjarmasin, and Jakarta. In this study, population genetic methods with the marker of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region were used in population structure analysis. A total of 115 specimens were collected from the fish market around the area of study locations and amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced using Sanger methods. The result showed genetic diversity (Hd) value of 0.99366, and nucleotide diversity (π) value of 0.01906. Both of these values indicated high genetic diversity. Population analyses using Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) showed nonsignificant differences between the three populations of study (mixing population), with the ΦST value of 0,00375 (p-value > 0.05). Based on this result, the fisheries management for T. tonggol in Java Sea needs to be managed as one single population management.

Genealogical relationship inference to identify areas of intensive poaching of the Orange-fronted Parakeet (Eupsittula canicularis)

BMC Zoology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Padilla-Jacobo ◽  
Tiberio C. Monterrubio-Rico ◽  
Horacio Cano-Camacho ◽  
María Guadalupe Zavala-Páramo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Central American ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genealogical Relationship ◽  
Genetic Pool

Abstract Background The Orange-fronted Parakeet (Eupsittula canicularis) is the Mexican psittacine that is most captured for the illegal pet trade. However, as for most wildlife exploited by illegal trade, the genetic diversity that is extracted from species and areas of intensive poaching is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity of 80 E. canicularis parakeets confiscated from the illegal trade and estimated the level of extraction of genetic diversity by poaching using the mitochondrial DNA sequences of cytochrome b (Cytb). In addition, we analyzed the genealogical and haplotypic relationships of the poached parakeets and sampled wild populations in Mexico, as a strategy for identifying the places of origin of poached parakeets. Results Poached parakeets showed high haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.842) and low nucleotide diversity (Pi = 0.00182). Among 22 haplotypes identified, 18 were found exclusively in 37 individuals, while four were detected in the remaining 43 individuals and shared with the wild populations. A rarefaction and extrapolation curve revealed that 240 poached individuals can include up to 47 haplotypes and suggested that the actual haplotype richness of poached parakeets is higher than our analyses indicate. The geographic locations of the four haplotypes shared between poached and wild parakeets ranged from Michoacan to Sinaloa, Mexico. However, the rare haplotypes detected in poached parakeets were derived from a recent genetic expansion of the species that has occurred between the northwest of Michoacan and the coastal region of Colima, Jalisco and southern Nayarit, Mexico. Conclusions Poached parakeets showed high genetic diversity, suggesting high extraction of the genetic pool of the species in central Mexico. Rarefaction and extrapolation analyses suggest that the actual haplotype richness in poached parakeets is higher than reflected by our analyses. The poached parakeets belong mainly to a very diverse genetic group of the species, and their most likely origin is between northern Michoacan and southern Nayarit, Mexico. We found no evidence that poachers included individuals from Central American international trafficking with individuals from Mexico in the sample.

Phenotypic and genotypic signature of saponin chemical composition in Chinese wild soybean (Glycine soja): revealing genetic diversity, geographical variation and dispersal history of the species

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1126
Author(s):  
Yuya Takahashi ◽  
Xiang-Hua Li ◽  
Chigen Tsukamoto ◽  
Ke-Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The North ◽  
Or Genes

Saponin chemical composition was phenotyped and genotyped, and saponin composition-based geographical genetic diversity and differentiation were evaluated in Chinese wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.). Thirty-two phenotypes and 34 genotypes were confirmed from 3805 wild soybean accessions. Eleven phenotypes (AaαK, AaαIK, AaαIJK, AaBcEαJ, AaBcαK, AbEαIJ, AbαK, AbαIK, AbαIJK, AbβHAb and Aβ0) were newly detected. Four genes had frequencies: Sg-1a 78.8% and Sg-1b 21.0% at the Sg-1 locus; Sg-4 30.7% and Sg-6e 13.7% at their respective loci. The north-eastern and southern populations showed high genetic diversity; the Northeast region contained more novel variants (AuAe, A0, A0Bc, αH, αI αJ, αK, and AbβHAb), and the southern populations contained high frequencies of the Sg-4 gene. Gene differentiation (Fst) analysis suggested that Sg-4 and four group-α saponin alleles or genes (Sg-6e, Sg-6h, Sg-6i, Sg-6j) were important factors influencing the genetic structure and differentiation in Chinese wild soybeans. Geographical differentiation was characterised mainly by latitudinal differences, with two primary groups (north and south) based on saponin genes. Chinese wild soybean accessions differed from Japanese and South Korean ones in genetic structure based on saponin composition, the latter two being likely to have spread from southern China in the glacial stages during the last Ice Age.

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure and Genetic Diversity in Twisted-Jaw Fish, Belodontichthys truncatus Kottelat & Ng, 1999 (Siluriformes: Siluridae), from Mekong Basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surapon Yodsiri ◽  
Komgrit Wongpakam ◽  
Adisak Ardharn ◽  
Chadaporn Senakun ◽  
Sutthira Khumkratok
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Demographic Expansion ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Food Source

The Mekong River and its tributaries possess the second highest diversity in fish species in the world. However, the fish biodiversity in this river is threatened by several human activities, such as hydropower plant construction. Understanding the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the species is important for natural resource management. Belodontichthys truncatus Kottelat & Ng is endemic to the Mekong River basin and is an important food source for people in this area. In this study, the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and demographic history of the twisted-jaw fish, B. truncatus, were investigated using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences. A total of 124 fish specimens were collected from 10 locations in the Mekong and its tributaries. Relatively high genetic diversity was found in populations of B. truncatus compared to other catfish species in the Mekong River. The genetic structure analysis revealed that a population from the Chi River in Thailand was genetically significantly different from other populations, which is possibly due to the effect of genetic drift. Demographic history analysis indicated that B. truncatus has undergone recent demographic expansion dating back to the end of the Pleistocene glaciation.

Multilocus genotypic data reveal high genetic diversity and low population genetic structure of Iranian indigenous sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. F. Vahidi ◽  
M. O. Faruque ◽  
M. Falahati Anbaran ◽  
F. Afraz ◽  
S. M. Mousavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Indigenous Sheep

scholarly journals Genetic Variation and Population Differentiation in the Bovine Lymphocyte Antigen DRB3.2 Locus of South African Nguni Crossbred Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1651
Author(s):  
Lwamkelekile Sitshilelo Mkize ◽  
Oliver Tendayi Zishiri
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
South African ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Heterozygote Advantage ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Lymphocyte Antigen ◽  
Bovine Lymphocyte

The bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA-DRB3) gene is an important region that codes for glycoproteins responsible for the initiation of an immune response. BoLA-DRB3 alleles have been demonstrated to be associated with disease resistance/tolerance. Therefore, great genetic diversity is correlated with better adaptation, fitness, and robustness. The current study was conducted to assess the population genetic structure of the BoLA-DRB3 gene in Nguni crossbred cattle using polymerase chain reaction-sequence based typing (PCR-SBT). High genetic diversity was detected, with 30 alleles, 11 of which are novel to the study. Alleles DRB3*0201, DRB3*0701, DRB*0901, and DRB*1601 were present in all populations and accounted for nearly around 50% of all observed alleles. A mean genetic diversity (HE) of 0.93 was detected. The high overall genetic diversity is possibly associated with pathogen-assisted selection and heterozygote advantage. Such high diversity might explain the hardiness of the Nguni crossbred cattle to the Southern African region. Low population genetic structure was identified (FST = 0.01), suggesting possible gene flow between populations and retention of similar alleles. The study was undertaken to bridge the dearth of such studies in South African breeds and it is imperative for effective sustainability of indigenous breeds and the implementation of effective breeding strategies.

scholarly journals Spectrum of genetic diversity and networks of clonal organisms

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (17) ◽  
pp. 1093-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro F Rozenfeld ◽  
Sophie Arnaud-Haond ◽  
Emilio Hernández-García ◽  
Víctor M Eguíluz ◽  
Manuel A Matías ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetics ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Small World ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clonal Organisms ◽  
Genetic Structure And Diversity

Clonal reproduction characterizes a wide range of species including clonal plants in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and clonal microbes such as bacteria and parasitic protozoa, with a key role in human health and ecosystem processes. Clonal organisms present a particular challenge in population genetics because, in addition to the possible existence of replicates of the same genotype in a given sample, some of the hypotheses and concepts underlying classical population genetics models are irreconcilable with clonality. The genetic structure and diversity of clonal populations were examined using a combination of new tools to analyse microsatellite data in the marine angiosperm Posidonia oceanica . These tools were based on examination of the frequency distribution of the genetic distance among ramets, termed the spectrum of genetic diversity (GDS), and of networks built on the basis of pairwise genetic distances among genets. Clonal growth and outcrossing are apparently dominant processes, whereas selfing and somatic mutations appear to be marginal, and the contribution of immigration seems to play a small role in adding genetic diversity to populations. The properties and topology of networks based on genetic distances showed a ‘small-world’ topology, characterized by a high degree of connectivity among nodes, and a substantial amount of substructure, revealing organization in subfamilies of closely related individuals. The combination of GDS and network tools proposed here helped in dissecting the influence of various evolutionary processes in shaping the intra-population genetic structure of the clonal organism investigated; these therefore represent promising analytical tools in population genetics.

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