scholarly journals Extensive sampling reveals the phenology and habitat use of Afrotropical parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 190913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapani Hopkins ◽  
Heikki Roininen ◽  
Ilari E. Sääksjärvi
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
First Results ◽  
Malaise Traps

Tropical invertebrates, such as the ichneumonids of tropical forests, are poorly known. Here, we report the first results of extensive sampling at Kibale National Park, Uganda, by providing some of the first tropical ecological data for the ichneumonid subfamily Rhyssinae. We sampled ichneumonids with 34 Malaise traps for a year in 10 sites, in habitats ranging from primary forest to farmland. We also gathered weather and vegetation data. The total sampling effort was 373 trap months and we caught 444 rhyssines in six species. We caught the most rhyssines in dry weather, and towards the end of the sampling year. The rhyssines showed a clear preference for decaying logs and for primary forest. We fitted a model which can be used to predict future catches at the site, and draw conclusions on when rhyssines emerge and on their adult lifespan. Sampling extensively gave us a wealth of ecological data on a poorly known parasitoid wasp subfamily. We recommend that future tropical sampling collect ecological data, and that existing data from previous large-scale surveys be used for ecological analyses.

scholarly journals Extensive sampling and thorough taxonomic assessment of Afrotropical Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) reveals two new species and demonstrates the limitations of previous sampling efforts

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 33-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapani Hopkins ◽  
Heikki Roininen ◽  
Simon van Noort ◽  
Gavin R. Broad ◽  
Kari Kaunisto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
National Park ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Kibale National Park ◽  
Afrotropical Region ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Results ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Malaise Traps

Tropical forest invertebrates, such as the parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae, are poorly known. This work reports some of the first results of an extensive survey implemented in Kibale National Park, Uganda. A total of 456 individuals was caught of the subfamily Rhyssinae Morley, 1913, which in the Afrotropical region was previously known from only 30 specimens. Here, the six species found at the site are described and the Afrotropical Rhyssinae are reviewed. Two new species, Epirhyssa johanna Hopkins, sp. nov. and E. quaggasp. nov., are described and a key, diagnostic characters, and descriptions for all 13 known Afrotropical species are provided, including the first description of the male of Epirhyssa overlaeti Seyrig, 1937. Epirhyssa gavinbroadi Rousse & van Noort, 2014, syn. nov. is proposed to be a synonym of E. uelensis Benoit, 1951. Extensive sampling with Malaise traps gave an unprecedented sample size, and the method is recommended for other poorly known tropical areas.

scholarly journals Variation in the diversity and richness of parasitoid wasps based on sampling effort

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Saunders ◽  
Darren F. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
The Relationship

Parasitoid wasps are a mega-diverse, ecologically dominant, but poorly studied component of global biodiversity. In order to maximise the efficiency and reduce the cost of their collection, the application of optimal sampling techniques is necessary. Two sites in Auckland, New Zealand were sampled intensively to determine the relationship between sampling effort and observed species richness of parasitoid wasps from the family Ichneumonidae. Twenty traps were deployed at each site at three different times over the austral summer period, resulting in a total sampling effort of 840 Malaise-trap-days. Rarefaction techniques and non-parametric estimators were used to predict species richness and to evaluate the variation and completeness of sampling. Despite an intensive Malaise-trapping regime over the summer period, no asymptote of species richness was reached. At best, sampling captured two-thirds of parasitoid wasp species present. The estimated total number of species present depended on the month of sampling and the statistical estimator used. Consequently, the use of fewer traps would have caught only a small proportion of all species (one trap 7–21%; two traps 13–32%), and many traps contributed little to the overall number of individuals caught. However, variation in the catch of individual Malaise traps was not explained by seasonal turnover of species, vegetation or environmental conditions surrounding the trap, or distance of traps to one another. Overall the results demonstrate that even with an intense sampling effort the community is incompletely sampled. The use of only a few traps and/or for very short periods severely limits the estimates of richness because (i) fewer individuals are caught leading to a greater number of singletons; and (ii) the considerable variation of individual traps means some traps will contribute few or no individuals. Understanding how sampling effort affects the richness and diversity of parasitoid wasps is a useful foundation for future studies.

scholarly journals Checklist of tidepool fishes from Jericoacoara National Park, southwestern Atlantic, with additional ecological information

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola S. Machado ◽  
Raphael M. Macieira ◽  
Mario A. Zuluaga Gómez ◽  
Alexandra F. Costa ◽  
Esther M.C. Mesquita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
Intertidal Ecosystems

Ichthyofauna from 29 tidepools in Jericoacoara National Park (Ceará State, Brazil) was sampled. A total of 733 fishes, comprising 16 species belonging to 12 families, was collected. The three most abundant species were the frillfin goby Bathygobius soporator, the sergeant-majorAbudefduf saxatilis and the molly miller Scartella cristata. An invasive species from the Indo-Pacific, the Muzzled blenny Omobranchus punctatus, was also recorded. The known geographic distribution of the blenny Hypleurochilus fissicornis was extended approximately 2,500 km northward. These findings highlight the lack of knowledge of the rocky intertidal ecosystems along the Brazilian coast, an area that needs more sampling effort and ecological data.

scholarly journals Optimising Capture Methods for the Evaluation of Parasitoid Wasp Diversity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Edward Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Optimal Sampling ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Relationship

Parasitoid wasps are mega-diverse, ecologically dominant, but poorly studied components of global biodiversity. Despite their intensive application within pest management as biocontrol agents, little is known about native species. To understand their basic biology they must be collected in sampling programs. However, invertebrate surveys are increasingly subject to funding and time constraints that often preclude complete faunal inventories. In order to maximise the efficiency and reduce the cost of their collection, the application of optimal sampling techniques within a Rapid Biodiversity Assessment framework is proposed. Two sites in the Waitakere Ranges were sampled three times over the summer. An intensive sampling effort of 840 Malaise-trap-days over a three month period was used to determine the relationship between sampling effort and observed species richness. Rarefaction techniques and non-parametric estimators were used to predict true species richness and to evaluate the completeness of sampling. Results show that an intensive Malaise-trapping regime over the summer can capture two-thirds of parasitoid wasp species present. Sampling recommendations are provided to guide optimal usage of Malaise traps for both ecological studies and faunal inventories. Modern taxonomic methods are reviewed and a new species of parasitoid wasp is described, representing the first New Zealand species from the genus Lusius (Ichneumonidae: Ichneumoninae). Morphological measurements confirm the new species represents a significant range expansion for the genus. Greater collaboration between ecologists and taxonomists is encouraged, in order to make more efficient use of resources, data, and expertise unique to each discipline. This is the first study to investigate the relationship between sampling effort and parasitoid wasp diversity in New Zealand. It shows that very high sampling effort fails to catch all species present. Parasitoid wasps are known to be keystone species that show promise as indicators of environmental quality and as surrogates for the diversity of other taxa. The development of optimal sampling strategies will therefore provide an important foundation for their future study.

scholarly journals The Mt Halimun-Salak Malaise Trap project - releasing the most species rich DNA Barcode library for Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Cancian de Araujo ◽  
Stefan Schmidt ◽  
Olga Schmidt ◽  
Thomas von Rintelen ◽  
Rosichon Ubaidillah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Good Picture ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Malaise Traps

The Indonesian archipelago features an extraordinarily rich biota. However, the actual taxonomic inventory of the archipelago remains highly incomplete and there is hardly any significant taxonomic activity that utilises recent technological advances. The IndoBioSys project was established as a biodiversity information system aiming at, amongst other goals, creating inventories of the Indonesian entomofauna using DNA barcoding. Here, we release the first large scale assessment of the megadiverse insect groups that occur in the Mount Halimun-Salak National Park, one of the largest tropical rain-forest ecosystem in West Java, with a focus on Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera collected with Malaise traps. From September 2015 until April 2016, 34 Malaise traps were placed in different localities in the south-eastern part of the Halimun-Salak National Park. A total of 4,531 specimens were processed for DNA barcoding and in total, 2,382 individuals produced barcode compliant records, representing 1,195 exclusive BINs or putative species in 98 insect families. A total of 1,149 BINs were new to BOLD. Of 1,195 BINs detected, 804 BINs were singletons and more than 90% of the BINs incorporated less than five specimens. The astonishing heterogeneity of BINs, as high as 1.1 exclusive BIN per specimen of Diptera successfully processed, shows that the cost/benefit relationship of the discovery of new species in those areas is very low. In four genera of Chalcidoidea, a superfamily of the Hymenoptera, the number of discovered species was higher than the number of species known from Indonesia, suggesting that our samples contain many species that are new to science. Those numbers shows how fast molecular pipelines contribute substantially to the objective inventorying of the fauna giving us a good picture of how potentially diverse tropical areas might be.

Detection Probability and Site Occupancy of the Granular Spiny Frog (Quasipaa verrucospinosa) in the Tropical Rain Forests of Bach Ma National Park, Central Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Binh Van Ngo ◽  
Ya-Fu Lee ◽  
Chung D. Ngo
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Occupancy Models ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Central Vietnam

Amphibian species are rarely detected with perfect accuracy, regardless of the method employed. A large-scale assessment for Quasipaa verrucospinosa occupancy was conducted at 35 sites in the primary forest and 42 sites in the secondary forest of Bach Ma National Park, central Vietnam. Based on the detection data for each site, the distribution of Q. verrucospinosa was estimated in different habitat types using occupancy models. From the best model among all performed models, we estimated a site occupancy probability of 0.576 that was higher than the naive occupancy estimate of 0.403 and a 43.1% increase over the site proportion at which Q. verrucospinosa was actually observed. The site covariate of the primary forest was an important determinant of site occupancy, which was not associated with the variable of secondary forest. In a combined AIC model weight: the p(temperature), p(humidity), and p(precipitation) models have 47.3, 67.1, and 90.9% of the total, respectively; providing evidence that aforementioned environmental conditions were important sample covariates in modelling detection probabilities of Q. verrucospinosa. Our results substantiate the importance of incorporating detection and occupancy probabilities into studies of habitat relationships and suggest that the primary forests associated with weather conditions influence the site occupancy of Q. verrucospinosa in Bach Ma National Park, central Vietnam.

Materials for the history of the gospel-Baptist movement in Ukraine

1996 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
S. Golovaschenko ◽  
Petro Kosuha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Theological Seminary ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Evangelical Christians ◽  
Evangelical Christian ◽  
First Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fruitful Cooperation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The report is based on the first results of the study "The History of the Evangelical Christians-Baptists in Ukraine", carried out in 1994-1996 by the joint efforts of the Department of Religious Studies at the Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Odessa Theological Seminary of Evangelical Christian Baptists. A large-scale description and research of archival sources on the history of evangelical movements in our country gave the first experience of fruitful cooperation between secular and church researchers.

The dynamics of changes in the structure and species composition of primary forest stands in selected areas of Pieniny National Park

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Jaworski ◽  
Dorota Jakubowska
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
National Park ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Stands

Dynamika zmian budowy, struktury i składu gatunkowego drzewostanów o charakterze pierwotnym na wybranych powierzchniach w Pienińskim Parku Narodowym

Classification of vegetation in Cucphuong National Park with the aim of large-scale mapping, Vietnam

1996 ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguen Nghia Thin ◽  
Nguen Ba Thu ◽  
Tran Van Thuy
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Dense Forest ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Leaved Forest

The tropical seasonal rainy evergreen broad-leaved forest vegetation of the Cucphoung National Park has been classified and the distribution of plant communities has been shown on the map using the relations of vegetation to geology, geomorphology and pedology. The method of vegetation mapping includes: 1) the identifying of vegetation types in the remote-sensed materials (aerial photographs and satellite images); 2) field work to compile the interpretation keys and to characterize all the communities of a study area; 3) compilation of the final vegetation map using the combined information. In the classification presented a number of different level vegetation units have been identified: formation classes (3), formation sub-classes (3), formation groups (3), formations (4), subformations (10) and communities (19). Communities have been taken as mapping units. So in the vegetation map of the National Park 19 vegetation categories has been shown altogether, among them 13 are natural primary communities, and 6 are the secondary, anthropogenic ones. The secondary succession goes through 3 main stages: grassland herbaceous xerophytic vegetation, xerophytic scrub, dense forest.

Sustainable Production of Honeydew and Muskmelon in Western Mexico

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 495d-495
Author(s):  
J. Farias-Larios ◽  
A. Michel-Rosales
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
First Results ◽  
Legume Cover Crop ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
Research Show

In Western Mexico, melon production depends on high-input systems to maximize yield and product quality. Tillage, plasticulture, fumigation with methyl bromide, and fertigation, are the principal management practices in these systems. However, at present several problems has been found: pests as sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius), aphids (Myzus and Aphis), leafminer (Liryomiza sativae); diseases as Fusarium, Verticilium, and Pseudoperenospora, and weeds demand high pesticide utilization and labor. There is a growing demand for alternative cultural practices, with an emphasis on reducing off-farm input labor and chemicals. Our research is based on use of organic mulches, such as: rice straw, mature maize leaves, banana leaves, sugarcane bagasse, coconut leaves, and living mulches with annual legume cover crop in melons with crop rotation, such as: Canavalia, Stilozobium, Crotalaria, and Clitoria species. Also, inoculations with mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi for honeydew and cantaloupe melon seedlings production are been assayed in greenhouse conditions for a transplant system. The use of life barriers with sorghum, marigold, and other aromatic native plants in conjunction with a colored yellow systems traps for monitoring pests is being studied as well. While that the pest control is based in commercial formulations of Beauveria bassiana for biological control. The first results of this research show that the Glomus intraradices, G. fasciculatum, G. etunicatum, and G. mosseae reached 38.5%, 33.5%, 27.0%, and 31.0% of root infection levels, respectively. Honeydew melons production with rice and corn straw mulches shows an beneficial effect with 113.30 and 111.20 kg/plot of 10 m2 compared with bare soil with 100.20 kg. The proposed system likely also lowers production cost and is applicable to small- and large-scale melon production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document