scholarly journals Differential word expression analyses highlight plague dynamics during the second pandemic

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Barbieri ◽  
Riccardo Nodari ◽  
Michel Signoli ◽  
Sara Epis ◽  
Didier Raoult ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Interpretive Bias ◽  
Bioinformatic Tools ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Nested Network ◽  
Ancient Texts

Research on the second plague pandemic that swept over Europe from the fourteenth to nineteenth centuries mainly relies on the exegesis of contemporary texts and is prone to interpretive bias. By leveraging certain bioinformatic tools routinely used in biology, we developed a quantitative lexicography of 32 texts describing two major plague outbreaks, using contemporary plague-unrelated texts as negative controls. Nested, network and category analyses of a 207-word pan-lexicome, comprising overrepresented terms in plague-related texts, indicated that ‘buboes' and ‘carbuncles' are words that were significantly associated with the plague and signalled an ectoparasite-borne plague. Moreover, plague-related words were associated with the terms ‘merchandise’, ‘movable’, ‘tatters', ‘bed’ and ‘clothes'. Analysing ancient texts using the method reported in this paper can certify plague-related historical records and indicate the particularities of each plague outbreak, which can inform on the potential sources for the causative Yersinia pestis .

scholarly journals Protection of Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) against Plague after Voluntary Consumption of Baits Containing Recombinant Raccoon Poxvirus Vaccine

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 5502-5505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan S. Mencher ◽  
Susan R. Smith ◽  
Tim D. Powell ◽  
Dan T. Stinchcomb ◽  
Jorge E. Osorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cynomys Ludovicianus ◽  
Prairie Dogs ◽  
Western United States ◽  
F1 Antigen ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Negative Controls

ABSTRACT Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) are highly susceptible to Yersinia pestis and significant reservoirs of plague for humans in the western United States. A recombinant raccoon poxvirus, expressing the F1 antigen of Y. pestis, was incorporated into a palatable bait and offered to 18 black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) for voluntary consumption; 18 negative control animals received placebo baits. Antibody titers against Y. pestis F1 antigen increased significantly (P < 0.01) in vaccinees, and their survival was significantly higher upon challenge with Y. pestis than that of negative controls (P < 0.01).

scholarly journals Dairy products as sources of methanogens for humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheick Oumar Guindo ◽  
Michel Drancourt ◽  
Ghiles Grine
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
P Value ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Methanobrevibacter Ruminantium ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Fermented Dairy Products ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Fermented Dairy ◽  
First Time

Methanogens are detected in human gut from the first moments of life and there is a diversification of methanogens during infancy. However, the sources of acquisition of methanogens are not well elucidated. We therefore investigated 56 dairy products as potential sources of methanogens by applying molecular biology. In the presence of negative controls, we obtained an overall prevalence of methanogens in 85.7% (48/56) of samples by real-time PCR. Further PCR-sequencing identified 73.2% (41/56) of Methanobrevibacter smithii. We also found for the first time in dairy products 1.8% (1/56) of Methanobrevibacter oralis, 7.1% (4/56) of Methanobrevibacter millerae, 1.8% (1/56) of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, 1.8% (1/56) of Methanocorpusculum sp. We observed a significant presence (p-value=0.001) of methanogens in fermented dairy products compared to unfermented dairy products. This study gives credit to the fact that dairy products could be considered as a source of methanogens for humans, especially for children.

Australasian Huperzia as potential sources of Huperzine A and B

Planta Medica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
WH Lim ◽  
JQG Goodger ◽  
AR Field ◽  
JAM Holtum ◽  
IE Woodrow
Keyword(s):  
Huperzine A ◽  
Potential Sources

Cellular Localization of Enzymatically Active Thrombin in Intact Human Tissues by Hirudin Binding

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (05) ◽  
pp. 793-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo R Zacharski ◽  
Vincent A Memoli ◽  
William D Morain ◽  
Jean-Marc Schlaeppi ◽  
Sandra M Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Negative Controls

SummaryCellular sites of coagulation activation within complex, intact tissues have been studied by immunohistochemical techniques. Hirudin, a specific and high affinity inihibitor of the active site of thrombin, together with antibody to hirudin were applied to sections of AMeX-fixed specimens of normal lung, kidney, placenta, freshly incised skin and unperturbed skin obtained at fresh autopsy; to rheumatoid synovial tissue; and to malignant tissue from a variety of tumor types. Staining for thrombin was observed selectively on pulmonary alveolar, rheumatoid synovial, and placental macrophages that express an intact extrinsic coagulation pathway. Staining was also observed restricted to the endothelium of capillaries in freshly incised skin but not in either unperturbed skin or in aged incisions. Staining of tumor cell bodies was observed in small cell carcinoma of the lung, renal cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma tissues that we found previously to show tumor cell-associated procoagulant activity. This staining occurred commonly on cells within the tumor mass that were distant from stromal fibrinogen/fibrin. By contrast, tumor-associated macrophage but not tumor cell staining was seen in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, and little or no staining was seen in colon cancer tissue. Negative controls in which either the hirudin probe or its antibody were omitted failed to show staining. These results are in accord with previous findings and suggest that such techniques may be useful for studying the cellular sites of thrombin generation in intact tissues. We postulate that administration of potent and specific thrombin antagonists, such as hirudin, to patients with relevant tumor types might be followed by homing of hirudin to tumor cells in vivo so that effects of local thrombin generation on malignant progression can be determined.

An insight into Case Management and Challenges in Veteran Suicide Prevention

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Tamara Green
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Prevention Science ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Military Members ◽  
Prediction And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Insight Into

Much of the literature, policies, programs, and investment has been made on mental health, case management, and suicide prevention of veterans. The Australian “veteran community is facing a suicide epidemic for the reasons that are extremely complex and beyond the scope of those currently dealing with them.” (Menz, D: 2019). Only limited work has considered the digital transformation of loosely and manual-based historical records and no enablement of Artificial Intelligence (A.I) and machine learning to suicide risk prediction and control for serving military members and veterans to date. This paper presents issues and challenges in suicide prevention and management of veterans, from the standing of policymakers to stakeholders, campaigners of veteran suicide prevention, science and big data, and an opportunity for the digital transformation of case management.

The introduction of the eleven-spotted ladybird Coccinella undecimpunctata to New Zealand in 1874: the first use of a ladybird for biological control, or a spurious record created by cumulative misreporting?

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Galbreath ◽  
P. J. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Entomological Society ◽  
Beneficial Insects ◽  
Coccinella Undecimpunctata

The introduction of the eleven-spotted ladybird Coccinella undecimpunctata to New Zealand in 1874 has been widely quoted as the first importation of an insect for biological control in New Zealand and one of the first anywhere. However, searches of historical records show no evidence that such an introduction was made or attempted. Instead, there is clear evidence that the presently accepted record arose by a process of cumulative misreporting. An account of discussions in the Entomological Society of London in December 1873 about possible introductions of various beneficial insects to New Zealand was misreported by the American entomologist C. V. Riley, and several subsequent authors restated his version with further modifications and additions. This created the record of the introduction of C. undecimpunctata to New Zealand in 1874 that has been accepted and repeated ever since.

Memory that ‘owes nothing to fact’: Friel's Implausible Missionary Priest in Dancing at Lughnasa

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-249
Author(s):  
Stephanie Boeninger
Keyword(s):  
Historical Records ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The Way

Dancing at Lughnasa has been widely discussed as a memory play. Critics frequently analyze the way Michael's narration shapes the story he tells of five unmarried sisters living together in 1930's Donegal. Fewer critics, however, focus on Michael's representation of Father Jack, the missionary priest who returns after twenty-five years in Uganda. A surprisingly articulate anthropological observer who is more changed by the Ugandans than they by him, Father Jack defies the image of the missionary imperialist. Indeed, his portrayal conflicts with historical records. Father Jack's heterodox beliefs distress his family, but they find favor with postmodern audiences, eager to see Irish characters resist their part in the colonial enterprise. Friel's portrayal of Father Jack thus implicates the audience, not just Michael, in the play's selective memory.

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