scholarly journals Diurnal fluctuations in musical preference

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Adrian Heggli ◽  
Jan Stupacher ◽  
Peter Vuust
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Musical Preference ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Audio Features ◽  
Diurnal Preference

The rhythm of human life is governed by diurnal cycles, as a result of endogenous circadian processes evolved to maximize biological fitness. Even complex aspects of daily life, such as affective states, exhibit systematic diurnal patterns which in turn influence behaviour. As a result, previous research has identified population-level diurnal patterns in affective preference for music. By analysing audio features from over two billion music streaming events on Spotify, we find that the music people listen to divides into five distinct time blocks corresponding to morning, afternoon, evening, night and late night/early morning. By integrating an artificial neural network with Spotify's API, we show a general awareness of diurnal preference in playlists, which is not present to the same extent for individual tracks. Our results demonstrate how music intertwines with our daily lives and highlight how even something as individual as musical preference is influenced by underlying diurnal patterns.

scholarly journals Diurnal fluctuations in musical preference

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Adrian Heggli ◽  
Jan Stupacher ◽  
Peter Vuust
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Musical Preference ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Audio Features ◽  
Diurnal Preference

The rhythm of human life is governed by diurnal cycles, as a result of endogenous circadian processes evolved to maximise biological fitness. Even complex aspects of daily life, such as affective states, exhibit systematic diurnal patterns which in turn influence behaviour. As a result, previous research has identified population-level diurnal patterns in affective preference for music. By analysing audio features from over two billion music streaming events, we find that the music people listen to can be divided into five distinct time blocks corresponding to morning, afternoon, evening, night and late night/early morning. By integrating an artificial neural network with Spotify’s API, we show a general awareness of diurnal preference in playlists, which is not present to the same extent for individual tracks. Our results demonstrate how music intertwines with our daily lives and highlight how evensomething as individual as musical preference is influenced by underlying diurnal patterns.

scholarly journals Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation in Bone Marrow-Residing Innate Immunity Cells Governs Circadian Changes in the Number of Circulating Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells in Peripheral Blood

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1033-1033
Author(s):  
Mateusz Adamiak ◽  
Andrzej Ciechanowicz ◽  
Monika Cymer ◽  
Marta Skoda ◽  
Mariusz Z Ratajczak
Keyword(s):  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Sterile Inflammation ◽  
Circadian Oscillation ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Circadian Changes ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Circulating Cells ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation

Background. The number of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in peripheral blood (PB) undergoes a circadian oscillation, with the peak occurring in the early morning hours and the nadir at night, and, as nicely demonstrated, this peak has been attributed to the enhanced tonus of the vegetative nervous system in the early morning hours (Nature 2008, 452, 442-447). Moreover, our group has demonstrated that release of HSPCs from bone marrow (BM) into PB is regulated during stress- or pharmacology-induced mobilization by activation of three ancient serum proteolytic cascades, the complement cascade (ComC), the coagulation cascade (CoaC), and the fibrynolytic cascade (FibC) (Stem Cell Rev. 2018; 14:677-685). Since it is known that the ComC, CoaC, and FibC show circadian activation at late night/early morning hours due to deep sleep hypoxia, regulation of the circadian oscillation of HSPC numbers in PB becomes more complex. Moreover, as we recently demonstrated, an important role in egress of HSPCs from BM into PB is played by purinergic signaling involving adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released from cells, which, as signaling mediators in the extracellular space, activate the Nlrp3 inflammasome in hematopoietic cells (Leukemia 2019; 33:815-825). Activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome induces a state of sterile inflammation in the BM microenvironment and activates the ComC, CoaC, and FibC. Hypothesis. Since Nlrp3 inflammasome activation regulates egress of HSPCs from BM into PB by inducing BM sterile inflammation and activation of the ComC, CoaC, and FibC undergoes circadian activation, we became interested in whether Nlrp3 protein complex orchestrates circadian changes in the number of HSPCs circulating in PB.Materials and Methods. To address this important question, we studied the circadian oscillation in the number of circulating HSPCs in mice. Mice were accustomed to alternating periods of 12 hours light and 12 hours darkness. Light was turned on at 6 AM (ZT0), and the numbers of circulating white blood cells (WBCs), Sca-1+kit+Lin- HSCs, Sca-1+Lin-CD45+ HSCs, clonogenic CFU-GM progenitors, and non-hematopoietic Sca-1+Lin-CD45- cells (VSELs) were measured at 7 AM (ZT1), 11 AM (ZT5), 7 PM (ZT13), and 3 AM (ZT21). At the same time points, we evaluated expression of the Nlrp3 inflammasome at the mRNA level; Nlrp3 activation by measuring Nlrp3 inflammasome activation markers, such as interleukin-1beta, interleukin-18, and Hmgb1, at the mRNA and protein levels; ComC activation (by C5a ELISA); CoaC activation (by thrombin/antithrombin ELISA); and FibC activation (by plasmin/antiplasmin complex ELISA). To confirm the role of the Nlrp3 inflammasome in the circadian oscillation of HSPCs released into PB, we inhibited its activity by employing the specific small-molecule inhibitor MCC950. Results. We observed circadian changes in the expression and activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome, with a peak in the early morning hours at ZT1 that preceded the peak in the number of circulating HSPCs at ZT5. This increase in activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome and the number of circulating cells in WT animals was preceded by an increase in C5a concentration in PB at ZT1 as well as activation of the CoaC and FibC at ZT21. As expected, inhibition of the Nlrp3 inflammasome by MCC950 inhibited circadian oscillation of circulating HSPCs in PB. Conclusions. Our study confirms circadian activation of the Nlrp3 inflammsome due to the ComC, CoaC, and FibC in mice at late-night/early-morning hours preceding the release of HSPCs from BM into PB. The fact that we observed significant decrease in circadian changes in the number of circulating cells in PB in mice exposed to an Nlrp3 inflammasome inhibitor confirms its pivotal role in executing circadian release of HSPCs from BM into PB. Moreover, the fact that mice exposed to an Nlrp3 inhibitor show defective activation of the ComC and normal activation of the the CoaC and FibC indicates that, of the ancient proteolytic cascades tested, the ComC is the major player regulating Nlrp3 inflammasome-dependent circadian egress of HSPCs. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Diurnal Rainfall over Peatland Area of South Sumatra, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Puad Maulana Mandailing ◽  
Wijaya Mardiansyah ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Arsali Arsali ◽  
Iskhaq Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
The South ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Diurnal Rainfall

The peak time of rainfall occurrence over an area has certain characteristics in which the difference in time and intensity of rainfall varies depending on its location and distance from the sea. This variation can be determined based on the phase and amplitude obtained using harmonic analysis. In this study, combined data from in-situ observation, satellite remote sensing and reanalysis were used to analyze spatial and temporal variations of peak rainfall events over peatland area of the South Sumatra Province. The results show that most of the South Sumatra Province has a diurnal peak of rainfall during afternoon ranging from 16.00 to 19.00 Western Indonesian Time. In addition, the results also indicate that the analysis on the in situ data revealed seasonal variation both in amplitude and time of maximum diurnal rainfall, while the reanalysis data only indicated a weak seasonal variation on the amplitude of the diurnal rainfall. Furthermore, spatial analysis shows that the time of maximum diurnal rainfall has spatial variation. Over the ocean, the time of maximum diurnal rainfall occurs during night time/early morning. Over the lowland or coastal area, the time of maximum diurnal rainfall occurs during afternoon, while over the high altitude (mountain) it occurs during late night.

scholarly journals Image Processing of Radar Mosaics for the Climatology of Convection Initiation in South China

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanqiang Bai ◽  
Guixing Chen ◽  
Ling Huang
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Moist Convection ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Morning Peak ◽  
Spatial Modes ◽  
Triggering Mechanisms ◽  
Deep Moist Convection ◽  
Convection Initiation

AbstractA dataset of convection initiation (CI) is of great value in studying the triggering mechanisms of deep moist convection and evaluating the performances of numerical models. In recent years, the data quality of the operationally generated radar mosaics over China has been greatly improved, which provides an opportunity to retrieve a CI dataset from that region. In this work, an attempt is made to reveal the potential of applying a simple framework of objective CI detection for the study of CI climatology in China. The framework was tested using radar mosaic maps in South China that were accessible online. The identified CI events were validated in both direct and indirect ways. On the basis of a direct manual check, nearly all of the identified CI cells had an organized motion. The precipitation echoes of the cells had a median duration of approximately 2.5 h. The CI occurrences were further compared with rainfall estimates to ensure physical consistency. The diurnal cycle of CI occurrence exhibits three major modes: a late-night-to-morning peak at the windward coasts and offshore, a noon-to-late-afternoon peak on the coastal land, and an evening-to-early-morning peak over the northwestern highland. These spatial modes agree well with those of rainfall, indirectly suggesting the reliability of the CI statistics. By processing radar mosaic maps, such a framework could be applied for studying CI climatology over China and other regions.

scholarly journals Circadian Variation of Migraine Attack Onset: A Review of Clinical Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Baksa ◽  
Kinga Gecse ◽  
Sahel Kumar ◽  
Zsuzsanna Toth ◽  
Zsofia Gal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migraine Attack ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Diurnal Distribution ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Migraine Triggers ◽  
The Moment

Several studies suggested that migraine attack onset shows a circadian variation; however, there has not been an overview and synthesis of these findings. A PubMed search with keywords “migraine” AND “circadian” resulted in ten studies directly investigating this topic. Results of these studies mostly show that migraine attacks follow a monophasic 24-hour cyclic pattern with an early morning or late night peak while other studies reported an afternoon peak and also a biphasic 24-hour cycle of attacks. The identified studies showed methodological variation including sample size, inclusion of medication use, comorbidities, and night or shift workers which could have contributed to the contradictory results. Several theories emerged explaining the diurnal distribution of migraine attacks suggesting roles for different phenomena including a morning rise in cortisol levels, a possible hypothalamic dysfunction, a circadian variation of migraine triggers, sleep stages, and a potentially different setting of the circadian pacemaker among migraineurs. At the moment, most studies show an early morning or late night peak of migraine attack onset, but a significant amount of studies reveals contradictory results. Further studies should investigate the arising hypotheses to improve our understanding of the complex mechanism behind the circadian variation of migraine attacks that can shed light on new targets for migraine therapy.

Long-acting somatostatin analogue (Sandostatin) reduces late night insulinopenic ketogenesis in diabetic teenagers

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (4_Suppla) ◽  
pp. S45-S53 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S.R. Aarsen ◽  
G.J. Bruining ◽  
W.F.A. Grose ◽  
R. van Strik ◽  
S.W.J. Lamberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Pump ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Insulin Pump Therapy ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Somatostatin Analogue ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Free Insulin ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract. Ten diabetic teenagers were admitted into our hospital for two nights, separated by one week. In a double-blind cross-over randomized study they received either 50 μg of the new long-acting somatostatin analogue Sandostatin sc or placebo. All patients were between 12 and 16 years of age, C-peptide negative with a duration of diabetes of at least four years. They had either conventional therapy or insulin pump therapy. Insulin doses and diets were kept unchanged. Blood samples were taken half hourly from 17.00 h until 09.30 h the next morning from an indwelling venous catheter. Hormonal and metabolic profiles on the two nights were evaluated by means of a distribution free time sequential co-movement analysis and by the paired Wilcoxon's signed rank test. After Sandostatin was given at 22.00 h, GH levels were significantly suppressed during 4 h. During that period blood glucose was slightly but significantly lower than after placebo. The free-insulin profiles from both nights were very comparable. Co-movement analysis showed a significant correlation between glucose and free insulin variations with a 30-min backward shift of the glucose curve. However, after Sandostatin administration this relation was lost in the period between 22.00 and 07.00 h, indicating a different effect of insulin on glucose levels during the nights Sandostatin was given. Early morning glucose rises were associated with free insulin levels below 20 mU/l. This association was not altered during the Sandostatin nights. Glucagon was not suppressed by Sandostatin except at 120 min after injection, and remained unchanged during the rest of the observation period. Triglyceride levels as well as 3-OH-butyrate values were significantly lower after Sandostatin. Plasma levels of FFA, free glycerol, alanine and cortisol were not significantly reduced. It is concluded that a single sc injection of 50 μg of Sandostatin given at 22.00 h is a potent GH inhibitor and lowers blood glucose concentrations for up to 4 h after injection. Early morning blood glucose rise is not prevented, but overnight hepatic ketogenesis as reflected by 3-OH--butyrate levels appears suppressed by Sandostatin up to the next morning injection of insulin.

scholarly journals Rainfall Estimation Accuracy of a Nationwide Instantaneously Sampling Commercial Microwave Link Network: Error Dependency on Known Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1267-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. de Vos ◽  
A. Overeem ◽  
H. Leijnse ◽  
R. Uijlenhoet
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Signal Attenuation ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Instantaneous Sampling ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Microwave Link

AbstractCommercial microwave links are installed and maintained for the purpose of telecommunication. Hydrometeors between transmitting and receiving antennas cause the microwave signal to be attenuated. From signal attenuation, the path-averaged rainfall intensity can be calculated. A 7-month dataset of instantaneously logged signal powers from almost 2000 unique links in the Netherlands is analyzed. Rainfall intensities are calculated with the RAINLINK package with a novel preprocessing module, enabling the package to be applied on instantaneously logged data from now on. Rainfall intensities per link are validated with the path-averaged rainfall intensities according to a gauge-adjusted radar product. Both the overall performance and the dependence of errors on link characteristics and measurement conditions are evaluated. The coefficient of variation decreases from 3.70 to 2.32 and the correlation increases from 0.30 to 0.63 from instantaneous to daily estimates of rainfall accumulations. The coefficient of variation is also smaller during heavy rainfall. Errors are largest for pathlengths shorter than 2 km, for observations during the late night and early morning, and for observations during colder months (when solid or melting precipitation could occur and dew is more likely to form on the antennas). Comparison of our results with those of earlier studies shows that minimum/maximum sampling (widely employed in network management systems) outperforms instantaneous sampling regarding detection of both quantity and occurrence of rain at a 15-min sampling rate in the Dutch climate.

scholarly journals Circadian clock-controlled genes isolated from Neurospora crassa are late night- to early morning-specific

1996 ◽  
Vol 93 (23) ◽  
pp. 13096-13101 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bell-Pedersen ◽  
M. L. Shinohara ◽  
J. J. Loros ◽  
J. C. Dunlap
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Late Night

Method for Identifying Factors Contributing to Driver-Injury Severity in Traffic Crashes

2000 ◽  
Vol 1717 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Hui Chen ◽  
Paul P. Jovanis
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Log Linear

Numerous driver, vehicle, roadway, and environmental factors contribute to crash-injury severity. In addition to main effects, interactions between factors are very likely to be significant. The large number of potentially important factors, combined with the complex nature of crash etiology and injury outcome, present significant challenges to the safety analyst, who must select from a large number of factors and specify a comprehensive but feasible set of main factors and interactions for testing in statistical models. In addition, some factors contain a relatively large number of categories (e.g., weather conditions), and the selection of cut-off points for categorization of continuous factors may not be readily obvious (e.g., driver age). It is also important that statistical tests underlying these analyses accurately address the frequent problem of data sparseness. The development and testing of a variable-selection procedure to address each of these problems is the stated objective. Bus-involved crash data for Freeway 1 in Taiwan from 1985 through 1993 were used to screen a set of 39 possible influential factors, along with interactions. The final log-linear model shows that late-night or early-morning driving increases the risk for bus drivers of being severely injured, particularly when the drivers caused the accident or when the drivers were involved in rear-end accidents. Bus accidents involving large trucks or tractor-trailers also increase the risk. An assessment of the importance of considering interactions in crash models is presented as a conclusion.

Perceptual Distortions and Hallucinations Reported during the Course of Sleep Deprivation

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Babkoff ◽  
Helen C. Sing ◽  
David R. Thorne ◽  
Sander G. Genser ◽  
Frederick W. Hegge
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Visual Task ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Early Evening ◽  
Perceptual Distortions

Subjects worked 30 to 45 min. of each hour for either 48 ( n = 2) or 2 hr. ( n = 8) without sleep. The frequency of reported visual task-related perceptual distortions and hallucinations showed both a linear increasing component and a strong circadian component. Perceptual distortions were most frequent in the late night-early morning hours (0400) and least frequent in the late afternoon-early evening hours (1600–2000).

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