scholarly journals The distortion of crystals of aluminium under compression. Part III.―Measurements of stress

Several experiments were devised to find out whether it is possible to measure the internal shearing stresses in a compressed disc, and the conditions under which it is possible to do so. Equations are developed for analysing shear stresses parallel to planes of slip and distortion due to double and single slipping. The relationship between shear stress and amount of shear is found for tensile and for compression specimens, when slipping is confined to one plane. The experimental results in the two cases are identical. The fact that the component of force normal to plane of slip is a pressure in one case and a tension in the other makes no measurable difference to resistance to slipping for given amount of slip. During double slipping resistance to shear increases more rapidly for a given total amount of slipping than when all slip is confined to one plane. The experiments cover a large range and show that resistance to shear goes on increasing up to greatest amounts of distortion used.

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-176
Author(s):  
Ian Maclachlan

This chapter focuses on Louis-René des Forêts’s poetic sequence, Poèmes de Samuel Wood (1988) in order to highlight the relationship between poetic form, authorial voice and the genre of autobiography. Des Forêts’s sequence comprises a 559-line poem divided into thirteen sections, attributed by its title to the heteronymous author-figure Samuel Wood. Notwithstanding its form and authorial disguise, the poem is obliquely autobiographical and forms part of the overall project of the long, final phase of his writing, best exemplified by the fragmentary work of 1997, Ostinato. My analysis seeks to stake out a distinctive way of conceiving the relation of poetic form to autobiographical genre (taking a distance, notably, from Lejeunian typological approaches), and in order to do so endeavours, on the one hand, to work with the idea of form as active, dynamic and mobile, a process of forming, deforming and reforming which is always temporally emergent and variable, rather than a structure that might simply contain something like content or experience, and on the other hand, to connect that mobility of form to des Forêts’s pursuit of a distinctive autobiographical mode. Far from reflecting and securing authorial identity, this mode might be considered as one that concerns an impersonal or anonymous level of experience that is fundamentally insecure and ultimately inappropriable; we might think of this mode as a kind of degree zero of autobiography, an autobiography in the neuter, or an ‘autobiographie intérieure’.


Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kairui Cao ◽  
Rui Li

Hysteresis is a kind of nonlinearity with memory, which is usually unwanted in practice. Many phenomenological models have been proposed to describe the observed hysteresis. For instance, the Prandtl-Ishlinskii (PI) model, which consists of several backlash operators, is the most widely used. On the other hand, the well-known Madelung’s rules are always used to validate hysteresis models. It is worth pointing out that the PI model obeys Madelung’s rules. In this paper, instead of considering these rules as criteria, we propose a modeling method for symmetric hysteresis by directly constructing the trajectory based on Madelung’s rules. In the proposed method, turning points are recorded and wiped out according to the input value. After the implementation of the recording and wiping-out mechanisms, the curve which the current trajectory moves along can be determined and then the trajectory can be described. Furthermore, the relationship between the proposed method and the PI model is also investigated. The effectiveness of the presented method is validated by simulation and experimental results.


2016 ◽  
Vol XIV (2) ◽  
pp. 184-184
Author(s):  
Kornelija Kuvač-Levačić

By using the concept of the Self as the human personality in its totality, as defined by Carl Gustav Jung and furthered by P. Ricoeur (the theory of narrative identity, the Self defined as an identity constructed by narrative configuration, the dialectics of the discovery of the other in one’s own Self and one’s own Self in the Other), this work will focus in the analysis of metaphors which express the Self of the auto-diegetic narrator as can be found in the autobiographical discourse of Vesna Parun. The corpus of this research is to be found in selected texts from her volume Noć za pakost. Moj život u 40 vreća (2001). From the first chapter of this volume [which consists of the following works of autobiography and essays: Poljubac života (1993), Do zalaska sunca hodajući za kamilicom (1958), Pod muškim kišobranom (1986)] the reader comes to realise that, for this author, the writing of autobiography is itself a problem of self-expression and that she had constantly deferred it, while, on the other hand, feeling a great compulsion from within to do so. This sense of paradox finds its reflection in some of the constitutive elements which can be found in her autobiographical discourse. In the relationship between literature and reality, which is something which the genre of autobiography questions in its own way, the author noticeably distances herself from the mere documentary transmission of factual information from her life. A reflection of this can be seen in the negation of a strict chronology of events and confessions, as she makes recourse to a technique which uses collage and appears fragmentary; furthermore, here prose here has a lyrical quality, negating "metaphor as a literary device" and transforming it into "literature as metaphor". The autobiographical prose of Vesna Parun is especially dense with metaphor, and it can be concluded that it expresses her Self. Attention is directed here to three metaphors in particular – the umbrella, which can be both "masculine" and "feminine", a map of the world, on the wall of every house in Vesna’s community, as well the sack, which is followed by the symbolic number 40, as many in which she could fill her life in. Besides the metaphors mentioned here, what will be proposed here is that in the autobiographical discourse of Vesna Parun literature itself is presented as metaphor of her Self, appearing to the reader as significantly (auto)meta-textual.


Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuya Moroto ◽  
Keisuke Maeda ◽  
Takahiro Ogawa ◽  
Miki Haseyama

A few-shot personalized saliency prediction based on adaptive image selection considering object and visual attention is presented in this paper. Since general methods predicting personalized saliency maps (PSMs) need a large number of training images, the establishment of a theory using a small number of training images is needed. To tackle this problem, although finding persons who have visual attention similar to that of a target person is effective, all persons have to commonly gaze at many images. Thus, it becomes difficult and unrealistic when considering their burden. On the other hand, this paper introduces a novel adaptive image selection (AIS) scheme that focuses on the relationship between human visual attention and objects in images. AIS focuses on both a diversity of objects in images and a variance of PSMs for the objects. Specifically, AIS selects images so that selected images have various kinds of objects to maintain their diversity. Moreover, AIS guarantees the high variance of PSMs for persons since it represents the regions that many persons commonly gaze at or do not gaze at. The proposed method enables selecting similar users from a small number of images by selecting images that have high diversities and variances. This is the technical contribution of this paper. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our personalized saliency prediction including the new image selection scheme.


Author(s):  
Robin Whelan

This chapter reconsiders the relationship between the Vandal kings and the Nicene Church, which has often been seen as an obstacle to effective Vandal rule. The self-portrayal of Nicene bishops as martyrs suffering in an age of heretical persecution—and the self-portrayal of Hasding dynasts as pious defenders of true (Homoian) Christianity—seems to commit them to mutual antagonism. Yet both parties also had interests in compromises, which are revealed by recurrent interactions between bishops and the court at Carthage. Even as they decried heretical Vandal tyranny, Nicene bishops petitioned their rulers to improve their church’s lot, using obsequious courtly language and the appropriate bureaucratic channels to do so. Vandal kings sometimes granted these petitions; even when refused, the possibility of compromise was retained for as long as possible. The result was tacit or even explicit acknowledgment of the legitimacy of the other parties, whether as rulers or Christian authority figures.


Author(s):  
Walter Wahl

The investigation of the crystalline properties of the simpler organic bodies, gaseous or liquid at Ordinary temperature, has been described in Parts I and II.* In this paper the experimental results will be discussed with regard to their bearing upon the problem of the relationship between molecular constitution and crystal symmetry. In order to facilitate a comparison the experimental results are summarised in the table on p. 2. As seen from the table, more than 50 per cent, of the substances investigated are polymorphic, and to this class nearly all the substances which contain only one carbon atom belong. The question therefore arises which one of the crystalline modifications of a substance is to be compared with the one or the other form of another substance, or with the crystals of a substance of which only one modification is known. In most of the cases investigated very little is known with regard to the modification stable at low temperature, and thus for practical reasons only the form crystallising directly out of the liquid state can be taken into account.


1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. de Q. Robin ◽  
P. Barnes

Propagation of glacier surges has been discussed in terms of stresses acting in the three major zones of the surge. The steeply sloping front of a surge appears sufficient to explain the thickening of a glacier and the rise in velocity of ice motion which takes place across this zone in terms of accepted stress–strain rate data for ice. Explanation of the high velocities which occur in the next zone in spite of little change in the available shear stress is more difficult, but the experimental results of Barnes and Tabor on ice close to the melting point appear to offer an explanation of the unusually high rates of flow. In the tensile zone, where velocities slow down, the net lowering of the glacier surface after the surge has passed is explained in terms of the depth of crevassing and easier flow of ice at melting point when under tensile and shear stresses.


1995 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Adam Nádasdy

The relationship between phonetics, phonology, and applied linguistics continues to be a paradoxical one. On the one hand, these fields of linguistics lend themselves more readily to applicationthan others since they deal with something more tangible and material than morphology, syntax, semantics, or historical research. On the other hand, there is something esoteric in phonetics and phonology: The objects they handle–sounds, articulatory features, acoustic spectra, stress degrees or melodies–are more elusive and hard to observe for the non-specialist than, say, suffixes, word order, or even meanings. Their terminology is rich and often forbidding, and they may sometimes seem to insist on pedantic distinctions or irrelevant detail (Dieling 1992). The validity of the phonetics–phonology dichotomy itself may be questioned when it comes to their application; however, the two fields continue to develop separately and grow further apart. Thus the application of the “sound sciences”, phonetics and phonology, is partly more advanced and partly more rudimentary than that of other linguistic branches. The purpose of the present survey is to demonstrate the importance of phonology and its applications in TEFL. To do so, this survey will examine current development in both phonetics and phonology, and then suggest implications for instructional contexts.


Author(s):  
Veronika Bílková

The article introduces two traditions of conceptualizing the relationship between sovereignty and property which have been present in legal and political doctrine and in international law. One tradition sees the two concepts as separated, the other as interrelated. The article then shows that the Soviet approach to sovereignty and property, which manifested itself in certain measures adopted after the 1917 Russian Revolution (the abolition of private property, the repudiation of tsarist debts) and which was largely informed by the ideology of Marxism-Leninism, falls under the second tradition. Finally, the article discusses how the Soviet approach to sovereignty and property sought to affect international law and to what extent it has managed, or failed, to do so.


2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-63
Author(s):  
José Luiz Aidar Prado

Postmodern thought considers, in general, otherness as absolute. Bernstein (1991) denies such absoluteness, as there is always a possibility of failure in doing justice to the otherness; we should assume the responsibility of acknowledging the otherness of the Other. In this article I propose to examine the possibility of regarding the relationship between the reader and the media as ethical, that is, respecting otherness. To do so, we counterbalance the bernsteinian view with other stances, confronting communitarian authors and non-communitarian ones. What would be the meaning of the Reader’s unfaithfulness in terms of a reading and communication contract? We intend to answer such questions on the basis of a thematic and discursive examination of the Brazilian weekly magazine Veja (approximately one million issues weekly), particularly analyzing how otherness is constructed in the cover stories dealing with topics such as violence and punishment, wealth and poverty.


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