An investigation on the anatomical structure and relationships of the labyrinth in the reptile, the bird, and the mammal

doi:10.1098/rspb.1908.0045

An investigation on the anatomical structure and relationships of the labyrinth in the reptile, the bird, and the mammal

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character ◽

10.1098/rspb.1908.0045 ◽

1908 ◽

Vol 80 (543) ◽

pp. 507-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Keyword(s):

Round Window ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

The Subject

The object of this paper is to give a description of the labyrinth of certain animals, illustrating the organ when it is viewed as a whole in examples chosen from the reptiles, birds and mammals. The method of preparation employed was that devised by the writer and described in the “Labyrinth of animals,” vol. 1, p. 8. By the use of this method new facts have been brought to light, and these enable us to elucidate certain relationships in the anatomical structures which have hitherto been obscure and which anatomists are not agreed upon. The structures referred to are, the aqueduct of the perilymph, the perilymph recess and the round window. A special portion of the paper, therefore, has been directed to this aspect of the subject.

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Estudo comparativo entre duas técnicas radiográficas transcranianas para estudo da ATM

Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas ◽

10.9771/cmbio.v11i2.6683 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 189

Author(s):

Marcus Vinicius Linhares de Oliveira ◽

Paulo Sergio Flores Campos

Keyword(s):

Image Quality ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Glenoid Fossa ◽

Font Size ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Mandibular Joint ◽

Radiographic Interpretation ◽

Exposure Methods ◽

Pathological Assessment

Introdução: Estudos através das imagens da ATM apresentam-se como auxílio ao diagnóstico especifico de determinadas patologias relacionadas a essa estrutura anatômica. De modo a oferecer mais informações possíveis, visualização mais clara, redução das dificuldades de interpretação radiográfica, é imperativa a boa execução das técnicas radiográficas e o desenvolvimento de novos métodos de exposição. Objetivo: Avaliar duas incidências radiográficas convencionais que possibilitam o estudo da ATM e relacioná-las com a qualidade da imagem, de acordo com a visualização das estruturas anatômicas. Materiais e métodos : O estudo foi realizado através da execução de duas técnicas radiográficas (SCHULLER e LAW modificado), utilizadas para estudo da ATM em um simulador com ossos do crânio e mandíbula humana recoberta com resina. A qualidade da imagem foi avaliada por três radiologistas com experiência, que atribuíram escores (01 – inadequado; 02 – aceitável com restrições; 03 – aceitável sem restrições) relacionados à sobreposição das estruturas, à visualização da fossa mandibular e à definição do côndilo. Resultados: Para os três avaliadores, a técnica B apresentou a concordância em 75% dos pontos analisados, observou-se que para a técnica A os avaliadores 1 e 3 concordaram em 75%, enquanto que os indicies kappa foram considerados moderados para a técnica B . Conclusão: As técnicas transcranianas permitem a avaliação anatômica e patológica da ATM como forma simples e mais acessível ao paciente sendo a técnica de Law modificado a que apresenta maior concordância entre os avaliadores. Abstract Introduction: Image studies of the temporal mandibular joint (TMJ) are presented as an assistance to the diagnosis of certain specific pathologies related to this anatomical structure. In order to provide as much information as possible, a clearer view and a reduction in the difficulty of the radiographic interpretation it is imperative a good performance of the radiographic techniques and the development of new exposure methods. Objective: Evaluate two conventional radiographic views that allow the study of TMJ and relate them with the image quality according to the visualization of anatomical structures Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by running two radiographic techniques (SCHULLER and modified LAW) used to the TMJ study in a phantom containing cranial bones and a human mandibular covered with resin. The image quality was evaluated by three experienced radiologists assigning scores (01 - inappropriate, 02 - acceptable with restrictions, 03-acceptable without restrictions) related to overlapping structures, visualization of the glenoid fossa and condyle definition. Results: For three evaluators, B technique presented an agreement on 75% of the points analyzed. It was observed that for technique A, evaluators 1 and 3 evaluators agreed on 75% while the kappa indexwere considered moderated for B technique. Conclusion: Transcranial techniques allow anatomical and pathological assessment of the TMJ in a simple and more accessible way to the patient and the technique of modified Law presents the best agreement between raters.

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Preliminary Qualitative Evaluation of the Anatomical Structures for Vocalization in the Chicken (Gallus gallus domestica)

Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0130 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

J. C. Shawulu

Keyword(s):

Abrupt Change ◽

Qualitative Evaluation ◽

Gallus Gallus ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Domestic Chicken ◽

Local Market ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Red Jungle Fowl ◽

Males And Females

The anatomical structure of phonation in the domestic chicken Gallus gallus (red jungle fowl, forma domestica) of both sexes was studied to determine sex variations in structures. Ten (10) birds, involving 5 males and 5 females were obtained from a local market for student demonstrations and used for this study. Tracheal rings were observed to be made of circular cartilages numbering thirty and above with the distal most (1/5) tracheal rings narrowed, calcified and fused as the tympanum making part of the Syrinx. The rings become calcified and somewhat collapsed through the bronchial bifurcations. When squeezed, the trachea collapsed completely between fingers but could at releasing the fingers be raised up due to elastic components separating the rings from one another. Other structures involved in vocalization includes straps of muscles. Male structures involved in respiration and vocalization were well formed compared to those of the female. Both tracheobronchialis lateralis and ventralis muscles were thicker than those of the female. Male tracheobronchialis ventralis and dorsalis muscles were well formed and spindle shaped. However, the female tracheobronchialis muscles were seen to be wider compared to the male. The vocal organs (voice box) were seen to be arbitrarily triangular in structure at the bifurcation of the trachea in both sexes. The male Syringeal walls were thinner and were seen to have marked inter Pessula space. The Pessulus mark an abrupt change from the circular trachea to strongly elliptical entrances to the bronchi. It was concluded that the differences in the thinness of syringeal walls coupled with differences between the males and females in other tracheal muscles might be responsible for the stronger vocalization in the male.

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Mechatronic Feasibility of Minimally Invasive, Atraumatic Cochleostomy

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/181624 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tom Williamson ◽

Xinli Du ◽

Brett Bell ◽

Chris Coulson ◽

Marco Caversaccio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Minimally Invasive ◽

Cochlear Implantation ◽

Skull Base Surgery ◽

Drilling Tool ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Considerable Research ◽

Facial Recess ◽

Lateral Skull Base ◽

Cadaver Specimen ◽

The Subject

Robotic assistance in the context of lateral skull base surgery, particularly during cochlear implantation procedures, has been the subject of considerable research over the last decade. The use of robotics during these procedures has the potential to provide significant benefits to the patient by reducing invasiveness when gaining access to the cochlea, as well as reducing intracochlear trauma when performing a cochleostomy. Presented herein is preliminary work on the combination of two robotic systems for reducing invasiveness and trauma in cochlear implantation procedures. A robotic system for minimally invasive inner ear access was combined with a smart drilling tool for robust and safe cochleostomy; evaluation was completed on a single human cadaver specimen. Access to the middle ear was successfully achieved through the facial recess without damage to surrounding anatomical structures; cochleostomy was completed at the planned position with the endosteum remaining intact after drilling as confirmed by microscope evaluation.

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Microfissure between the round Window Niche and Posterior Canal Ampulla

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348947708600108 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 49-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Yasumasa Okano ◽

Eugene N. Myers ◽

David R. Dickson

Keyword(s):

Round Window ◽

Pathological Finding ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Fetal Life ◽

Human Fetuses ◽

Posterior Canal ◽

Mesenchymal Tissue ◽

One Year ◽

Round Window Niche ◽

Temporal Bones

The microfissure between the round window niche and the posterior canal ampulla was examined in fetal, child, and adult human temporal bones. The communication which was filled with mesenchymal tissue and blood vessels extending from the middle ear, was observed between the round window niche and the posterior canal ampulla in 10 to 15-week human fetuses. The mesenchymal tissue in the communication was replaced by cartilage with advancing age of the fetus. No communication was observed at birth. From newborn to 12 months of age, no microfissure was observed. After one year of age, the microflssure was first observed and the frequency of the observation increased with increasing age of the patient. After six years of age, the microfissure was observed bilaterally in 100% of cases studied. The microflssure has its origin from the communication between the round window niche and the posterior canal ampulla in fetal life, and is a normal developmental and anatomical structure, and not a pathological finding.

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X. On the anatomy of the mole-cricket

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rstl.1825.0012 ◽

1825 ◽

Vol 115 ◽

pp. 203-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Keyword(s):

Single Species ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Present Communication ◽

Entire Volume ◽

Mole Cricket ◽

The World ◽

Adequate Accuracy ◽

Principal Points ◽

The Subject

The following observations contain the principal points of a laborious examination of the anatomical structure of the gryllotalpa, or mole-cricket; and if I dare hope that that examination has been conducted with any thing like adequate accuracy, I need not apologize for the length of the details with which the account of it is accompanied, since Cuvier has affirmed of an entire volume written by Lyonnet on the anatomy of a single species of caterpillar, that it contains not one word that is useless. Natural science indeed has now arrived at that point, in which individual detail is requisite for the acquisition not only of a surer basis of classification of species, but also of more correct principles of general physiology. Independently however of these considerations, the insect, which is the subject of the present communication, is so singular in its structure and habits, and is in some parts of the world so formidable to the agriculturist, as to render its history peculiarly interesting.

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Multi-Atlas Brain MRI Segmentation with Multiway Cut

10.54294/62rn24 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Duygu Sarikaya ◽

Liang Zhao ◽

Jason J. Corso

Keyword(s):

Brain Mri ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Mri Segmentation ◽

Weighted Voting ◽

Brain Images ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Test Dataset ◽

Multiway Cut ◽

The Subject

Characterization of anatomical structure of the brain and efficient algorithms for automatically analyzing brain MRI have gained an increasing interest in recent years. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that automatically segments the anatomical structures of magnetic resonance human brain images. Our method uses the prior knowledge of labels given by experts to statistically investigate the spatial correspondences of brain structures in subject images. We create a multi-atlas by registering the training images to the subject image and then propagating corresponding labels to the graph of the image. Label fusion then combines these multiple labels of atlases into one label at each voxel with intensity similarity based weighted voting. Finally we cluster the graph using multiway cut in order to achieve the final 3D segmentation of the subject image. The promising evaluation results of our segmentation method on the MRBrainS13 Test Dataset shows the efficiency and robustness of our algorithm.

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Method to Determine the Root Canal Anatomic Dimension by using a New Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Software

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201902462 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 3-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mike R Bueno ◽

Cyntia R.A. Estrela ◽

José Mauro Granjeiro ◽

Manoel D. Sousa-Neto ◽

Carlos Estrela

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Intermediate Position ◽

The Other ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Correct Position ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Cbct Image

Abstract This study discusses a method to determine the root canal anatomic dimension by using e-Vol DX software. The methodology consists in initially establishes the correct positions which will be measured, define the point on the edge of the anatomical structure, and next adjust the intermediate position in the grayscale of CBCT image. Afterward, thin sections (0.10 mm) are obtained from 3D reconstructed slices in the filter for the measurements, in order to determine the edge of the anatomical surface in the axial plane. A replication of positions in 3D mode is done in multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) of CBCT images, where the correct position is established with the aid of a positioning guide. The 3D density is adjusted so that it is in the same dimension as the 2D image, and a dimension calibration occurs to the point where there is a coincidence between 3D and 2D. This calibration is done only at the beginning of the measurement. Next, the intermediate position of the division between the grayscale is verified in the CBCT scan. Once one side has been completed, it is moved to the other side and follows the same guidelines described above. When setting the position of the courses in the other margin, being that 2D mode is used as reference. Thus, one obtains the required measure, being checked in the two points. The creation of this filter in the e-Vol DX software for measurement, and its appropriate management, allows more effective applications when it is desired to obtain diameters of anatomical structures.

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Construction of Anatomical Structure Specific Developmental Dynamical Networks for Human Brain on multiple Omics Levels

Current Bioinformatics ◽

10.2174/1574893616666210331115659 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Yingying Wang ◽

Yu Yang ◽

Jianfeng Liu ◽

Keshen Li

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Brain Development ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Developmental Time ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Dynamical Networks ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Developmental Networks ◽

Time Points ◽

Complex Processes

Background: Human brain development is a series of complex processes exhibiting profound changes from gestation to adulthood. Objective: We aimed to construct dynamic developmental networks for each anatomical structure of human brain based on omics’ levels in order to gain a new systematical brain map on molecular level. Method: We performed the brain development analyses by constructing dynamical networks between adjacent time points on different grouping levels of anatomical structures. The gene-time networks were first built to get the developing brain dynamical maps on transcriptome level. Then miRNA-mRNA networks and protein-protein networks were constructed by integrating the information from miRNomics and proteomics. The time and structure-specific biomarkers were filtered based on analyses of topological characters. Results: The most dramatical developmental time and structure were fetal-infancy and telencephalon, respectively. Cortex was the key developmental region in ‘late fetal and neonatal’ and ‘early infancy’. The development of temporal lobe was different from other lobes since the significant changes of molecules were found only in the comparison pair ‘early fetal-early mid-fetal’ and ‘adolescence-young adulthood’. Interestingly, the changes among different brain structures inside adolescence and adulthood were bigger than other time points. hsa-miR-548c-3p and H3C2 may be new brain developments indicators considering their key roles in networks. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this study is the first report of dynamical brain development maps for different anatomical structures on multiple omics’. The results provide a new sight of brain development in a systematical way which may provide a more accurate understanding of human brain.

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Impact of plantaris ligamentous tendon

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84186-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Łukasz Olewnik ◽

Piotr Karauda ◽

Bartosz Gonera ◽

Konrad Kurtys ◽

R. Shane Tubbs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

European Population ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Posterior Surface ◽

Lateral Aspect ◽

Plantaris Muscle ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

The Mean ◽

Central European Population

AbstractThere are countless morphological variations among the muscles, tendons, ligaments, arteries, veins and nerves of the human body, many of which remain undescribed. Anatomical structures are also subject to evolution, many disappearing and others continually emerging. The main goal of this pilot study was to describe a previously undetected anatomical structure, the plantaris ligamentous tendon, and to determine its frequency and histology. Twenty-two lower limbs from 11 adult cadavers (11 left, and 11 right) fixed in 10% formalin were examined. The mean age of the cadavers at death was 60.1 years (range 38–85). The group comprised six women and five men from a Central European population. All anatomical dissections of the leg and foot area accorded with the pre-established protocol. Among the 22 lower limbs, the PLT was present in 16 (72.7%) and absent in six (27.3%). It originated as a strong fan-shaped ligamentous tendon from the superior part of the plantaris muscle, the posterior surface of the femur and the lateral aspect of the knee joint capsule. It inserted to the ilio-tibial band. Histologically, a tendon and ligament were observed extending parallel to each other. A new anatomical structure has been found, for which the name plantaris ligamentous tendon is proposed. It occurs around the popliteal region between the plantaris muscle, the posterior surface of the femur, and the ilio-tibial band.

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Pengawetan Bambu dengan Metode Boucherie

Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia ◽

10.18343/jipi.25.4.618 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 618-626

Author(s):

Rumanintya Lisaria Putri ◽

Lya Rochmawati ◽

Dodi Nandika ◽

I Wayan Darmawan

Keyword(s):

Service Life ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Flow Time ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Bamboo Culm ◽

Average Flow ◽

Effect Of Pressure ◽

Dendrocalamus Asper ◽

Fast Growing Species

Bamboo is known as fast-growing species that could be derived into various products. However, bamboo is suspectible to the wood destroying organisms. Preservation is one way to improve the service life of bamboo. This study aimed to analyze the effect of differences in anatomical structures of betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper Backer) and andong bamboo (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinaceae (Steudel) Widjaja), and the effect of pressure on the flow time and retention of entiblu preservative in the Boucherie method. Bamboo stems with diameters of 10-14 cm were cut in 1; 1,5; 2; and 2,5 m lengths. The bamboo stems with moisture content of around 30% were preserved by 5% of entiblu preservative solution. The data observed were the flow time of the preservative entiblu solution from base of the stem until dripping on the top of the bamboo culm, and the retention of preservative. The anatomical structure of the bamboo trunk before preserving was also observed. The results showed that the average flow times in andong bamboo and betung bamboo were 37.75 minutes and 41.50 minutes, respectively. The average retention of entiblu solution on andong bamboo was 3.49 kg/m³ and on betung bamboo was 3.60 kg/m³. Keywords: andong bamboo, betung bamboo, anatomical structure, boucherie method, entiblu preservative

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