Experimentally produced porphyria in animals

1955 ◽  
Vol 143 (911) ◽  
pp. 257-279 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Rabbit Liver ◽  
Acute Porphyria ◽  
Poor Appetite ◽  
Porphyrin Metabolism ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Individual

The chemical findings of Schmid & Schwartz (1952) in experimental porphyria of rabbits induced by sedormid have been confirmed. Since sedormid is hypnotic, a group of related drugs has been tested to find one which might produce the chemical picture in animals without hypnosis. Such a drug is allyl- iso propyl-acetamide (A.I.A.). In this investigation, the constant chemical structure affecting porphyrin metabolism was found to be CH 2 =CH—CH 2 —CH R —CO—NH—. Some rabbits excrete large amounts of porphobilinogen and uroporphyrin when given either sedormid or A.I.A., others produce little. It is suggested that the cause of this difference is related to a variability of the individual rabbit liver to deal effectively with those drugs. Rabbits, intoxicated with either drug, became constipated, had poor appetite and lost weight. They did not become paralyzed, nor show any change in systolic blood pressure or in their haematological values. Two fowls, one also given a barbiturate, and nine rats wore intoxicated with allyl- iso propyl-acetamide. Although these animals excreted relatively high levels of porphobilinogen and porphyrins, they did not develop paralysis. The experimentally induced porphyria in animals is compared with hum an acute porphyria. The effects are described of reticulo-endothelial blockade, splenectomy and barbiturate administration on porphyria induced experimentally in rabbits. Experimental porphyria appears to be due to an overproduction of porphyrins, rather than to an under-utilization of porphyrin pigments. An atypical porphobilinogen reaction is described. It is present in the early stage of drug intoxication in rabbits and has also been noted in human acute porphyria at low levels of porphobilinogen excretion.

scholarly journals Sharp systolic blood pressure elevation at extubation is a risk factor for symptomatic epidural hematoma after spine surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 230949901988544
Author(s):  
Sintaro Tsuge ◽  
Akihito Wada ◽  
Yasuaki Iida ◽  
Yasuhiro Inoue ◽  
Katsunori Fukutake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Epidural Hematoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorder ◽  
Blood Pressure Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference

Study design: The present study is a single-center retrospective cohort study. Objective: The objective of the study is to verify the hypothesis that sharp elevation of systolic blood pressure at extubation is a risk factor for development of symptomatic epidural hematoma after spinal surgery. Summary of background data: Postoperative symptomatic epidural hematoma (she) after spine surgery is a rare but potentially serious complication that may result in paralysis unless removed at an early stage. Methods: The subjects were 2611 patients treated with decompression and decompression/fusion of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae at our hospital. Twelve of these patients developed postoperative SEH and removal of hematoma was performed. To investigate the risk factors in these patients, data were analyzed for age at the time of surgery, sex, preoperative complications, medical history, body mass index, preoperative platelet count, surgical procedure, microscope use, operative time, blood loss, surgical site, systolic blood pressure (SBP) at extubation, difference between resting and extubation SBP, ratio of SBP at extubation to that at rest, blood pressure at discharge from the operating room, and use of a drain. Results: There was a significantly higher rate of SBP ratio (extubation/rest) ≥1.3 in patients with SEH ( p = 0.021, Fisher’s exact test). Among the preoperative complications and medical histories, the frequency of cerebrovascular disorder tended to be higher in SEH cases than in non-SEH cases ( p = 0.073). There was no significant difference for all other parameters listed above. In multivariate logistic analysis, the odds ratios were 3.98 ( p = 0.018) for an SBP ratio (extubation/rest) ≥1.3 and 4.75 ( p = 0.055) for cerebrovascular disorder, suggesting effects of these two items. With simultaneous input into a multivariate model, SBP ratio ≥1.3 had a significant independent association with postoperative SEH ( p = 0.021) and cerebrovascular disorder showed a tendency for this association ( p = 0.072). Conclusion: The risk for symptomatic epidural hematoma is significant in patients with SBP at extubation that is more than 1.3 times that of SBP at rest.

Low levels of serum cholesterol and systolic blood pressure in Japanese with the apolipoprotein E3/2 genotype

1999 ◽  
Vol 284 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuninori Shiwaku ◽  
Tong Qiang Gao ◽  
Nobumasa Hojo ◽  
Tetsuhito Fukushima ◽  
Yosuke Yamane
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Low Levels

scholarly journals Predictors of Kidney Damage in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dara Kutsyk ◽  
Eugene Sklyarov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Individual

Metabolic syndrome is an epidemic of XXI century. Each of the components of metabolic syndrome (arterial hypertension, hyperglycemia or dyslipidemia) can be a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. However, it remains unknown what plays a key role in the progression of the disease.The objective of the research was to identify early detectors of kidney damage in patients with metabolic syndrome.Materials and methods. The study involved 70 patients with metabolic syndrome. In addition to standard examination methods, markers of endothelial disfunction (hydrogen sulfide and nitrogen monooxide) were measured in venous blood samples and the urine was tested for microalbuminuria. All the patients were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of albuminuria: normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. To compare the indices between the groups, the Student’s t-test was used; to determine the relationship between the individual values, the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was applied.Results. The indicator of systolic blood pressure was higher in patients with microalbuminuria compared to those with normoalbuminuria (163.4±14.4 mmHg, versus 153.0±17.7 mmHg; p<0.01). Hydrogen sulfide level was higher in patients with normoalbuminuria (66.8±7.2 µmol). There was a moderate positive correlation between systolic blood pressure and microalbuminuria (r=0.3804; p<0.01) and a moderate negative correlation between hydrogen sulfide and microalbuminuria (r=0.3404; p<0.01).Conclusions. We revealed a decrease in hydrogen sulfide level to 57.4±7.9 µmol in patients with metabolic syndrome. This may be an early predictor of kidney damage. 

Validation of the SunTech Medical Advantage Model 2 Series Automated Blood Pressure Module in Pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 067-073
Author(s):  
Kristin Dotson ◽  
Sarah Anderson ◽  
Stacy Harris ◽  
Lorie Harper ◽  
Alan Tita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Noninvasive Blood Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Mercury Sphygmomanometer

Objective We sought to validate the SunTech Medical Advantage Model 2 Series with firmware LX 3.40.8 algorithm noninvasive blood pressure module in a pregnant population, including those with preeclampsia. Study Design Validation study of an oscillometric noninvasive blood pressure module using the ANSI/AAMI ISO 81060-2:2013 standard guidelines. Pregnant women were enrolled into three subgroups: normotensive, hypertensive without proteinuria, and preeclampsia (hypertensive with random protein-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 0.3 or a 24-hour urine protein > 300 mg). Two trained research nurses, blinded to each other's measurements, used a mercury sphygmomanometer to validate the module by following the protocol set forth in the ANSI/AAMI ISO 81060-2:2013 standard guidelines. Results A total of 45 patients, 15 in each subgroup, were included. The mean systolic and diastolic differences with standard deviations between the module and the mean observers' measurements for all participants were −2.3 ± 7.3 and 0.2 ± 6.5 mm Hg, respectively. The systolic and diastolic standard deviations of the mean of the individual patient's paired module and observers' measurements were 6.27 and 5.98 mm Hg, respectively. The test device, relative to a mercury sphygmomanometer, underestimated the systolic blood pressure in patients with preeclampsia by at least 10 mm Hg in 24% (11/45) of paired measurements. Conclusion The SunTech Medical Advantage Model 2 Series with firmware LX 3.40.8 algorithm noninvasive blood pressure module is validated in pregnancy, including patients with preeclampsia; however, it may underestimate systolic blood pressure measurements in patients with preeclampsia.

The impact of low levels of carbon dioxide on rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Krohn ◽  
Axel Kornerup Hansen ◽  
Nils Dragsted
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minor Extent ◽  
Anaesthetic Effect

The widespread use of individually ventilated cage (IVC) systems today has made the impact of CO2 on rodents a highly important matter. Leaving cages from these systems without ventilation increases CO2 concentrations inside the cages, as CO2 generated from the animals is no longer removed actively. In modern IVC systems the CO2 levels may reach 3-5% within a very short time, as the cages are very tightly sealed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 1%, 3%, and 5% CO2 by studying the preferences of the animals as well as changes in the heart rate and systolic blood pressure as measured by telemetry. The rats avoided the cages, which contained 3% CO2. In the telemetric study an anaesthetic effect on the rats were seen at 3% as a drop in the heart rate, and at 5% CO2 a drop in the systolic blood pressure was also seen. The results from the present study could indicate that CO2 levels of up to 3% do not affect the animals, or at least only to a minor extent, but that if the animals are exposed to CO2 levels of higher than 3% they are affected directly as seen by changes in physiological parameters and preferences.

scholarly journals An experimental study to see the antihypertensive effects of gymnema sylvestre and acorus calamus in wistar rats and its comparison with amlodipine

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Kumar Singh ◽  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
Anjula Sachan ◽  
Preet Lakhani ◽  
Sachin Tutu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Individual

Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. Obesity has a direct correlation with insulin resistance and various cardiovascular diseases like hypertension,dyslipidaemia etc. Hypertension is considered as a major independent risk factor for coronary disease and stroke for all age, race & sex groups. Gymnema sylvestre and Acorus calamus are two well known herbs of traditional system of medicine effective in various diseases.Aims and Objectives: The present study was designed to explore the antihypertensive effects of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) and Acorus calamus (AC), individually as well as in combination, in wistar rats.Materials and Methods: Female wistar rats, weighing between 150- 200 g, were included in the study. They were divided into eight groups with six rats in each group. High Fat diet (HFD) was used to induce hypertension in all the groups except group 1 which was fed with normal rodent diet. Drugs were given to the rats by oral feeding cannula.Results: Feeding rats with HFD for 4 weeks lead to signifi cant increase in the mean systolic blood pressure. Both Gymnema sylvestre and Acorus calamus signifi cantly reduced the systolic blood pressure. Combination of both these (Gymnema sylvestre 200mg/kg and Acorus calamus 200mg/kg) as well as Gymnema sylvestre (200mg/kg) individually has an effect comparable to Amlodipine. Individual drugs had no signifi cant effect on heart rate while the combination of these two drugs signifi cantly reduced the heart rate.Conclusions: The present study concludes that extracts of Gymnema sylvestre and Acorus calamus has a signifi cant antihypertensive action in rodent model of hypertension. Combination is found superior to the individual drugs.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(3) 2017 11-15

Effect of neonatal sympathectomy on development of angiotensin II-induced hypertension

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (2) ◽  
pp. H648-H656 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Csiky ◽  
G. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Induced Hypertension

We tested, in the early stage of angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension, whether sympathectomy prevented the autopotentiation of vasoconstrictor responses by ANG II and, in the chronic, established phase of hypertension, whether the antihypertensive effect of sympathectomy, if any, was related to the prevention of structural vascular changes. Neonatally and sham-sympathectomized male Sprague-Dawley rats received 100 or 200 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1) ANG II intraperitoneally for 7-10 days or 200 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1) ANG II subcutaneously for 4 wk. Sham-treated sympathectomized and sham-sympathectomized rats were controls. Vasoconstrictor responses to ANG II, norepinephrine (NE), arginine vasopressin, and periarterial nerve stimulation were measured in the mesentery of rats, and thereafter, in the chronically treated rats, mesenteric resistance arteries were fixed in situ for morphometric measurements. In ANG II-treated sham-sympathectomized rats: 1) tail systolic blood pressure was unchanged after 7-10 days and increased by 23 mmHg at 4 wk (P < 0.001); 2) vasoconstrictor responses were selectively increased to ANG II (autopotentiation; P = 0.026) and nerve stimulation (P = 0.031) at 7-10 days and nonselectively increased to all stimuli at 4 wk (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01); and 3) after 4 wk, the wall-to-lumen ratio of resistance arteries was increased (P < 0.02). In ANG II-treated sympathectomized rats, there were no changes in systolic blood pressure or vasoconstrictor responses at either 7-10 days or 4 wk, but structural vascular changes developed to the same extent as in sham-sympathectomized ANG II-treated rats. Autopotentiation of vasoconstrictor responses appears to be due to an interaction between ANG II and the sympathetic nervous system, because it is prevented by sympathectomy. The dissociation of function and structure in the chronic stage of ANG II administration to sympathectomized rats suggests that structural vascular changes by themselves are insufficient to cause hypertension, but increased vascular reactivity or vasoconstrictor input is also needed.

scholarly journals Hol van a normális és a kóros vérnyomás közötti határ, és mi a terápiás cél a cardiovascularis és a renalis betegségekben?

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (34) ◽  
pp. 1351-1361
Author(s):  
Ede Kékes ◽  
Judit Nagy ◽  
Péter Vályi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Blood Pressure Profile ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Preventive Methods

Összefoglaló. Az irodalmi adatok arra utalnak, hogy a systolés vérnyomás értékének emelkedése már 110–115 Hgmm-től együtt jár az atherosclerosissal összefüggő elváltozások kialakulásával is és ezzel együtt a cardiovascularis és a renalis funkció romlásával. Az összefüggés exponenciális, de mértékét az életkor jelentősen befolyásolja. A kezelés során az elérendő vérnyomás célértéke a jelenlegi adatok alapján 120–130 Hgmm között helyezkedik el a 18–65 év közötti populációban; idősebb korban – különösen 80 év felett – ennél magasabb, a 130 Hgmm alatti érték elérése nem reális, de talán nem is szükséges. A leghelyesebb az egyéni vérnyomásprofil meghatározása, és számos befolyásoló tényezőt is figyelembe kell venni a páciens legmegfelelőbb kezeléséhez. A populáció egészségének javításához és megőrzéséhez az egyik legfontosabb és leggyakoribb cardiovascularis kockázati tényezőt, a magas vérnyomást időben fel kell fedezni, amihez a vérnyomást rendszeresen szükséges ellenőrizni, és ezzel párhuzamosan kell végezni a prevenciót célzó tevékenységeket (nevelés, oktatás, szűrés, egészségtudatos életmód) is. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(34): 1351–1361. Summary. The data in the literature suggest that the increase in the value of systolic blood pressure from 110–115 mmHg leads to the development of atherosclerotic process and to the deterioration of cardiovascular and renal function. The correlation is initially linear, then above 140–150 mmHg it is already exponential, but it is also related to the progression of the age. The systolic target for therapy is between 120–130 mmHg in the population aged 18–65; in older ages – especially over 80 years – it is higher and reaching the value below 130 mmHg is unrealistic, and may even be not necessary. It is the best to determine the individual treatment, taking into account the individual blood pressure profile and the factors influencing the patient. In order to improve and maintain the health of the population – in addition to unknown hypertension – it is necessary to regularly monitor blood pressure and apply the known preventive methods (education, training, screening, etc). Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(34): 1351–1361.

scholarly journals Inulin Supplementation Reduces Systolic Blood Pressure in Women with Breast Cancer Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizel Becerril-Alarcón ◽  
Saúl Campos-Gómez ◽  
Juan J. Valdez-Andrade ◽  
Karen A. Campos-Gómez ◽  
Diana Y. Reyes-Barretero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Neoadjuvant Therapy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy

Introduction. Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women, and comorbidities like hypertension and obesity diminish their quality of life and negatively affect their response to chemotherapy. Furthermore, inulin supplementation is associated with the reduction of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk. Objective. To determine whether inulin supplementation prevents the elevation of blood pressure in women with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant therapy with cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin. Methods. This was a randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trial which included women with early-stage breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant therapy (n=38). Patients were randomly assigned to participate in two different groups to receive either 15 g of inulin or 15 g of placebo (maltodextrin) for 21 days. Body composition and blood pressure were evaluated before and after the supplementation period. Results. Women in the inulin group showed a lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) after the supplementation (-4.21 mmHg, p<0.001). However, SBP increased in the placebo supplemented group. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) nonsignificantly decreased in the inulin group. Inulin supplementation also increased BMI (p<0.001) but reduced BFP (p=0.288). Furthermore, confounding variables, such as BMI, baseline fasting glucose, age, menopause status, vomiting, constipation, and chronic medication did not have a statistical influence over the inulin effect on SBP. Conclusion. Inulin supplementation reduces SBP and prevents increases in DBP in women with breast cancer. This could be an innovative nutraceutical approach to prevent hypertension present in women with this type of cancer at an early stage and may improve the quality of life of the patients and their prognostic development through chemotherapy. Trial Registration Number. This trial is registered with ACTRN12616001532493.

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