Evolution of the phenomenon of drug-resistance III. The origin of the development of resistance to sulphathiazole in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

1960 ◽  
Vol 153 (951) ◽  
pp. 220-233 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Resistant Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
Staphylococcal Strain ◽  
Resistant Strains

This study deals with the hourly determination of metabolic differences during growth with sulphathiazole (ST) between the ST-sensitive and ST-resistant strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus for the timing of the onset of resistance mechanism. The amounts of the extracellularly accumulated p-aminobenzoic acid (PAB), folic acid (FA) and citrovorum factor (CF) in the culture fluids and the growth rates are determined. As described in the preceding paper, the sequence of metabolic events with these strains is of the same pattern. The PAB curve in the resistant cell system with ST rises perpendicularly to a peak and then declines sharply followed by the rise of the growth curve. In contrast, in the sensitive cell system with ST, the PAB curve, after reaching a peak, forms a longlasting plateau or a dome-like plateau. During these plateau periods growth is absent. The decline in the plateau is followed by growth. In both the sensitive and resistant strains (E. coli ), the extracellularly accumulated PAB are quantitatively alike. Nevertheless, the PAB in the sensitive system is incapable of antagonizing ST which is of from 10- to 20-fold smaller amount than in the resistant system. As the antagonism of PAB to ST takes place the PAB curve declines and growth is initiated. These events are coincidental with the acquisition of resistance to ST during the PAB plateau period. The similar events in the ST-sensitive staphylococcal strain are associated with the development of the satellism .phenomenon. This phenomenon is manifested on the agar plates with ST until resistance is acquired. The resistant staphylococcal strain does not manifest the phenomenon of satellism. The data presented here and elsewhere are extrapolated to formulate the thesis that a drug or toxic agent exercises two roles on a living system: One, the role of a negative catalyst , and two, the role of a positive catalyst . The latter neutralizes the former giving rise to the phenomenon of resistance, or the evolution of biochemical mechanisms by which a living cell survives the action of toxic agents. A toxin of bacterial or other origins functions in a manner similar to the actions of drugs on bacteria giving rise to the immunological defence mechanism.

scholarly journals The Central Role of Multiple P450 Genes and Their Co-factor CPR in the Development of Permethrin Resistance in the Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youhui Gong ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Shikai Liu ◽  
Nannan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Gene Overexpression ◽  
Degradation Pathways ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Reductase ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Toxic Product ◽  
Resistant Strains

Mosquitoes’ increasing resistance to insecticides is becoming a major threat for control efforts worldwide. Multiple P450 genes that are up-regulated in permethrin resistant strains of Culex quinquefasciatus have been linked to the development of resistance. In the current study, we characterized the function of six P450 genes, CYP6P14, CYP6BZ2, CYP9J33, CYP9J34, CYP9J40, and CYP9J45, that are overexpressed in the permethrin resistant Culex mosquitoes and showed their capability in metabolism of permethrin. These six P450 genes can convert 3-phenoxybenzoic alcohol (PBCHO) to a less toxic product, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBCOOH), indicating that these P450s play an important role in permethrin degradation pathways. Although we know multiple P450 genes are over-expressed in permethrin resistant Culex mosquitoes, it remains to be seen whether cytochrome P450-reductase (CPR) gene that are co-overexpressed with P450 genes in permethrin resistant mosquitoes do indeed serve as a resistance mechanism. An in-depth investigation of the expression of CPR gene in resistant mosquitoes was conducted in permethrin resistant mosquitoes. The finding of CPR gene overexpression in permethrin resistant mosquitoes suggested the importance of co-overexpression of multiple P450 genes with their obligatory electron donor CPR in the complex detoxification system, boosting the metabolism of permethrin and hence the development of permethrin resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Peptides Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: Various Mechanisms and the Association with Pathogenicity

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Miki Kawada-Matsuo ◽  
Mi Nguyen-Tra Le ◽  
Hitoshi Komatsuzawa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Antibacterial Peptides ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Two Component Systems ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Resistant Mutants ◽  
High Concentrations

Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that mainly colonizes the nasal cavity and skin. To colonize the host, it is necessary for S. aureus to resist many antibacterial factors derived from human and commensal bacteria. Among them are the bacteria-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) called bacteriocins. It was reported that some two-component systems (TCSs), which are signal transduction systems specific to bacteria, are involved in the resistance to several bacteriocins in S. aureus. However, the TCS-mediated resistance is limited to relatively low concentrations of bacteriocins, while high concentrations of bacteriocins still exhibit antibacterial activity against S. aureus. To determine whether we could obtain highly bacteriocin-resistant mutants, we tried to isolate highly nisin A-resistant mutants by exposing the cells to sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nisin A. Nisin A is one of the bacteriocins produced by Lactococcus lactis and is utilized as a food preservative worldwide. Finally, we obtained highly nisin A-resistant mutants with mutations in one TCS, BraRS, and in PmtR, which is involved in the expression of pmtABCD. Notably, some highly resistant strains also showed increased pathogenicity. Based on our findings, this review provides up-to-date information on the role of TCSs in the susceptibility to antibacterial peptides. Additionally, the mechanism for high antimicrobial peptides resistance and its association with pathogenicity in S. aureus is elucidated.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Role of Anions (Sulphate, Nitrate, Oxalate and Acetate) on the Antibacterial Activity of Cobalt(II), Copper(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes With Nicotinoylhydrazine-Derived ONO, NNO and SNO Ligands

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Hussain Chohan ◽  
Abdur Rauf
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Schiff Base Ligands ◽  
Mixed Ligands ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Mixed ligands biologically active complexes of cobalt(II), copper(II) and nickel(II) with nicotinoylhydrazine-derived ONO, NNO and SNO donor schiff-base ligands having the same metal ion but different anions such as sulphate, nitrate, oxalate and acetate have been synthesised and characterised on the basis of their physical, analytical and spectral data. In order to evaluate the role of anions on their bioability, these ligands and their synthesised metal complexes with various anions have been screened against bacterial species such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and the title studies have proved a definative role of anions in increasing the biological activity

scholarly journals The Search for New Antibacterial Agents among 1,2,3-Triazole Functionalized Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin Hybrids: Synthesis, Docking Studies, and Biological Activity Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Halyna Hryhoriv ◽  
Illia Mariutsa ◽  
Sergiy M. Kovalenko ◽  
Victoriya Georgiyants ◽  
Lina Perekhoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Derivatives Of

Among all modern antibiotics, fluoroquinolones are well known for their broad spectrums of activity and efficiency toward microorganisms and viruses. However, antibiotic resistance is still a problem, which has encouraged medicinal chemists to modify the initial structures in order to combat resistant strains. Our current work is aimed at synthesizing novel hybrid derivatives of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin and applying docking studies and biological activity evaluations in order to find active promising molecules. We succeeded in the development of a synthetic method towards 1,2,3-triazole-substituted ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin derivatives. The structure and purity of the obtained compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, LC/MS, UV-, IR- spectroscopy. Docking studies, together with in vitro research against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans NCTC 885-653 revealed compounds in which activity exceeded the initial molecules.

scholarly journals The Inhibition Effect of Liqurice (Glycyrrhiza glabra ) on some bacteria

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Maysoon Sabah Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
No Inhibition ◽  
Cultural Media

This study was conducted to investigate the inhibition role of Liqurice (Glycyrrhiza glabra ) on some bacteriaspp ., Watery and Oily Liqurice extracts prepared to study the inhibition effect on ( Listeria monocytogenus ,Brucella abortus , Brucella meletensis , Escherichia. coli , Pseudomonus aeruginosa , Bacillus anthracisSterne strain , Salmonella typhimurium , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus ) serial platespowered with cultural media Nutrient Agar were inoculated with one of each bacteria studied then filter papersfilled with each type of Liqurice extracts were added and after incubation period then the inhibition Zone weremeasured . the results revealed that inhibition effect of mixed and Oily Liqurice extracts was more effected onL. monocytogenus , S. aureus, P. aeruginosa , B. anthracis Sterne strain , K. pneumoniae . The mixed extracthad no inhibition effect on Br. abortus , Br. meletensis , E. coli , the Oily Liqurice extract had no inhibitioneffect on Br. meletensis , S. typhimurium the watery extract had no inhibition effect on the bacteria in this study

scholarly journals Antibacterial Co(II) and Ni(II) Complexes of N-(2-Furanylmethylene)-2-Aminothiadiazole and Role of SO42− ,NO3− , C2O42− and CH3CO2− anions on Biological Properties

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid H. Chohan ◽  
Abdul Rauf ◽  
Claudiu T. Supuran
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Schiff Base ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Octahedral Geometry ◽  
Complexation Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Tridentate Ligands

Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes with a Schiff base, N-(2-furanylmethylene)-2-aminothiadiazole have been prepared and characterized by their physical, spectral and analytical data. The synthesized Schiff-bases act as tridentate ligands during the complexation reaction with Co(II) and Ni(II. metal ions. They possess the composition [M(L)2]Xn (where M=Co(II) or Ni(II), L=, X=NO3− , SO42− , C2O42− or CH3CO2− and n=1 or 2) and show an octahedral geometry. In order to evaluate the effect of anions upon chelation, the Schiff-base and its complexes have been screened for antibacterial activity against bacterial strains e.g., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

scholarly journals No Decrease in Susceptibility to NVC-422 in Multiple-Passage Studies with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 2753-2755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa D'Lima ◽  
Lisa Friedman ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Ping Xu ◽  
Mark Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACTTwenty-five serial passages ofEscherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andStaphylococcus aureusand 50 passages of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusresulted in no significant increase in NVC-422 MICs, while ciprofloxacin MICs increased 256-fold forE. coliand 32-fold forP. aeruginosaandS. aureus. Mupirocin, fusidic acid, and retapamulin MICs for MRSA increased 64-, 256-, and 16-fold, respectively. No cross-resistance to NVC-422 was observed with mupirocin-, fusidic acid-, and retapamulin-resistant strains.

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