scholarly journals A general model for effects of temperature on ectotherm ontogenetic growth and development

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1734) ◽  
pp. 1840-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyun Zuo ◽  
Melanie E. Moses ◽  
Geoffrey B. West ◽  
Chen Hou ◽  
James H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
General Model ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The temperature size rule (TSR) is the tendency for ectotherms to develop faster but mature at smaller body sizes at higher temperatures. It can be explained by a simple model in which the rate of growth or biomass accumulation and the rate of development have different temperature dependence. The model accounts for both TSR and the less frequently observed reverse-TSR, predicts the fraction of energy allocated to maintenance and synthesis over the course of development, and also predicts that less total energy is expended when developing at warmer temperatures for TSR and vice versa for reverse-TSR. It has important implications for effects of climate change on ectothermic animals.

19F Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling in some Halomethanes

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Frank ◽  
F. Gubitz ◽  
W. Ittner ◽  
W. Kreische ◽  
A. Labahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Quadrupole Coupling ◽  
Time Differential ◽  
Nuclear Quadrupole

The 19F quadrupole coupling constants in CF4, CHF3, CClF3 and CHClF2 are reported. The measurements were carried out temperature dependent using the time differential perturbed angular distribution method (TDPAD). The temperature dependence can be satisfactorily described in the framework of the Bayer-Kushida theory. A simple model is used to explain the appearance of H-F and Cl-F coupling constants in CHF3/CHClF2 and CClF3, respectively.

Observations on the free-living stages of the stomach worm Haemonchus contortus

Parasitology ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 53 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 469-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Heavy Mortality

Outdoor observations were made on the rate of development of the free-living stages of H. contortus at different times of the year, and on the migratory activities and longevity of the larvae in faeces, on herbage and in soil.The effects of temperature and humidity on the survival and development of eggs and larvae, both in faeces and when separated from the faeces, were studied in the laboratory.The results of these observations are discussed in relation to the heavy mortality of the free-living stages of H. contortus and to the transmission of infection in the field.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Crop & Predict the Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 3063-3070
Author(s):  
Shraddha S. Garud
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Climate Influences ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Individual

The prime need of this world is that the simplest agriculture which decides the event of each country because the survival of the individual is completely obsessed with farming and its best production. Climate changes are in response to changes within the hydrosphere, biosphere, and other atmospheric and interacting factors. Human activities driven by demographic, economic, technological, and social changes have a big impact on activity. The climate influences the incidence further as the temporal and spatial distribution of plant diseases. the foremost factors that control the growth and development of diseases are temperature, light, and water. Climate affects all life stages of the pathogen and host and poses a challenge to many pathosystems. The environmental change, especially when combined with the pathogen and host introductions, may cause unprecedented effects.

scholarly journals Mixing of Porpoise Ecotypes in South Western UK Waters Revealed by Genetic Profiling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaël C. Fontaine ◽  
Oliver Thatcher ◽  
Nicolas Ray ◽  
Sylvain Piry ◽  
Andrew Brownlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Genetic Ancestry ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Genetic Pools ◽  
The Uk

AbstractContact zones between marine ecotypes are of interest for understanding how key pelagic predators may react to climate change. We analysed the fine scale genetic structure and morphological variation in harbour porpoises around the UK, at the proposed northern limit of a contact zone between southern and northern ecotypes in the Bay of Biscay. Using a sample of 591 stranded animals spanning a decade and microsatellite profiling at 9 loci, clustering and spatial analyses revealed that animals stranded around UK are composed of mixed genetic ancestries from two genetic pools. Porpoises from SW England displayed a distinct genetic ancestry, had larger body-sizes and inhabit an environment differentiated from other UK costal areas. Genetic ancestry blends from one group to the other along a SW-NE axis along the UK coastline, and showed a significant association with body size, consistent with morphological differences between the two ecotypes and their mixing around the SW coast. We also found significant isolation-by-distance among juveniles, suggesting that stranded juveniles display reduced intergenerational dispersal, while adults show larger variance. The fine scale structure of this admixture zone raises the question of how it will respond to future climate change and provides a reference point for further study.

The Influence of Temperature and Humidity on Instar Length in Calandra Granaria Linn

1947 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
L. E. S. EASTHAM ◽  
F. SEGROVE
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Humidity ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

1. The effects of temperature and humidity on the duration of each instar of the life cycle of Calandra granaria Linn. have been examined. The insects were reared at temperatures ranging from 15 to 30° C. and at atmospheric humidities ranging from 40 to 80% R.H. 2. A method is described for assessing the effect of temperature as an independent factor. 3. The temperatures employed fall within the ‘vital zone’. Extrapolation indicates the threshold temperature to be approximately 11° C. for the egg and larval instars though somewhat lower for the pupa. 30° C. is below the optimum temperature. 4. The durations of the egg and pupal stages are not affected by atmospheric humidity. 5. The duration of all larval instars is affected by moisture. It is suggested that this is largely due to atmospheric humidity and that food water is of little significance. 6. Shortage of moisture acts as an obstacle to development. Evidence is presented which indicates that drier atmospheres tend to desiccate the insect and that desiccation is responsible for retarded growth and development. 7. Since much earlier work on temperature and moisture has been done on fasting insects and, therefore, on insects deficient in one of the most important environmental factors, we suggest that our results, incomplete as they are, indicate the need for new approaches to be made. More complete data on feeding insects under controlled conditions of food, temperature and moisture are required, from which can be drawn up more complete balance sheets of development involving measurements of food utilization and respiratory rates.

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