scholarly journals The evolution of dual meat and milk cattle husbandry in Linearbandkeramik societies

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1860) ◽  
pp. 20170905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind E. Gillis ◽  
Lenka Kovačiková ◽  
Stéphanie Bréhard ◽  
Emilie Guthmann ◽  
Ivana Vostrovská ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Cattle Husbandry ◽  
North Central Europe

Cattle dominate archaeozoological assemblages from the north-central Europe between the sixth and fifth millennium BC and are frequently considered as exclusively used for their meat. Dairy products may have played a greater role than previously believed. Selective pressure on the lactase persistence mutation has been modelled to have begun between 6000 and 4000 years ago in central Europe. The discovery of milk lipids in late sixth millennium ceramic sieves in Poland may reflect an isolated regional peculiarity for cheese making or may signify more generalized milk exploitation in north-central Europe during the Early Neolithic. To investigate these issues, we analysed the mortality profiles based on age-at-death analysis of cattle tooth eruption, wear and replacement from 19 archaeological sites of the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) culture (sixth to fifth millennium BC). The results indicate that cattle husbandry was similar across time and space in the LBK culture with a degree of specialization for meat exploitation in some areas. Statistical comparison with reference age-at-death profiles indicate that mixed husbandry (milk and meat) was practised, with mature animals being kept. The analysis provides a unique insight into LBK cattle husbandry and how it evolved in later cultures in central and western Europe. It also opens a new perspective on how and why the Neolithic way of life developed through continental Europe and how dairy products became a part of the human diet.

The Glueckstadt Graben, a sedimentary record between the North and Baltic Sea in north Central Europe

2005 ◽  
Vol 397 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Maystrenko ◽  
Ulf Bayer ◽  
Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Sedimentary Record ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
North Central Europe

Flora and Fauna early and middle devensian flora and vegetation

1977 ◽  
Vol 280 (972) ◽  
pp. 229-246 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Pollen Data ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Longitudinal Zonation ◽  
Type Site ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
North Central Europe

The record of palaeobotanical data from the Early and Middle Devensian (to 18000 B.P.) is reviewed, with additional pollen data from the Devensian type site at Four Ashes presented. Pollen and macrofossil assemblages derive principally from herb vegetation, but woodland episodes are known from the Early Devensian. Correlations of herb and woodland biozones are made with events in the Weichselian sequences of the Netherlands and north central Europe, and comparisons are made with the north American Wisconsin interstadial sequence and events in the North Atlantic cores. The environment of the herb and woodland biozones is discussed. The effect of a cool Atlantic as a modifying factor affecting the longitudinal zonation of Middle Weichselian vegetation across north central Europe is considered. The relation between environmental evidence based on flora/vegetation and that on fauna is discussed. Apparent discrepancies result from inadequate solutions of the problems associated with interpreting palaeoclimates from fossil assemblages. An interpretation of the data in the context of variation of assemblages of the same age across north Europe may offer better solutions for these problems.

scholarly journals THE MESOLITHIC CEMETERY OF GROß FREDENWALDE (NORTH-EASTERN GERMANY) AND ITS CULTURAL AFFILIATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol Lietuvos archeologija T. 46 ◽  
pp. 65-84
Author(s):  
ANDREAS KOTULA ◽  
HENNY PIEZONKA ◽  
THOMAS TERBERGER
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
New Research ◽  
Cultural Networks ◽  
East West ◽  
North Central Europe ◽  
Grave Goods

The site of Groß Fredenwalde was discovered in 1962 and has been known as a Mesolithic multiple burial since 14C-dates verified an early Atlantic age in the early 1990s. New research since 2012 reconstructed the situation of the poorly documented rescue excavation in 1962 and identified six individuals from at least two separate burials. The new excavations uncovered more burials and Groß Fredenwalde stands out as the largest Mesolithic cemetery in North Central Europe and the oldest cemetery in Germany. In this paper the known burial evidence from this site is presented and the location of the cemetery, mortuary practices, and grave goods are discussed in a broader European context. Northern and Eastern connections appear especially tangible in Groß Fredenwalde and it is suggested that the community associated with the Groß Fredenwalde Mesolithic cemetery was integrated into wider cultural networks connected to the North and East. Keywords: Mesolithic burials, Mesolithic networks, East-West contacts, mortuary practices, grave goods.

The Elbe Fault System in North Central Europe—a basement controlled zone of crustal weakness

2002 ◽  
Vol 360 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 281-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Scheck ◽  
Ulf Bayer ◽  
Volker Otto ◽  
Juliette Lamarche ◽  
Dirk Banka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Fault System ◽  
North Central ◽  
North Central Europe

scholarly journals Structural polymorphism in Drosophila subobscura Coll. from various localities in Scotland

1961 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Small Chromosome ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Structural Polymorphism ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Break Points ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Local Race

1. Gunson's salivary chromosome preparations of Drosophila subobscura from widely separated sites in Scotland have been re-examined and inversions recorded according to the Mainx nomenclature.2. Sixty-four diploid sets only were available. Of these, thirty-seven sets were found to be structurally homozygous on all chromosomes.3. From Drumnadrochit in the north-central area of Scotland, the inversion found on the E-chromosome, so far as is known, has not previously been described. Its break-points have been noted, and the inversion is named E14.4. A strain of D. subobscura from the small western island of Iona was the only one found to be completely homozygous in the five long arms of the chromosome set.5. Samples of D. subobscura from two closely related localities in Midlothian, Scotland, also have been examined. Results are based on the analysis of 120 haploid sets in hybrids between the local race and the standard Küsnacht stock.6. A slight difference in type and frequency of inversions has been noted between the two populations. The inversion E1+2 was recorded from Dalkeith, but was absent at Heriot, while U1, present at Heriot, was replaced by UST at Dalkeith.7. The A-chromosome was structurally homozygous throughout.8. Scottish samples of D. subobscura are characterized by their qualitative simplicity of polymorphism, the variety of inversion types being small. Chromosome orders analysed have been compared with those occurring in Western Europe and Israel.

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