Livestock resources and their conservation facing climate change

Objective: To analyze the importance of local livestock resources facing climate change. Methodology: A review of studies referenced in scientific databases disclosed in the livestock sector and animal genetic resources was made within the context of climate change. Results: Livestock breeding is an economic activity that contributes to the food security of the country; in view of its importance, technologies and necessary changes to perform this according to the accelerated changes that occur in the environment, brought by human activity, should be implemented. Implications: Using highly productive races that depend on external inputs and are not adapted to face the effects of climate change, make it a priority to appraise the use of local races that contribute to production under adverse conditions that prevail in warm weathers in the inter-tropical zone. Conclusions: Adapted local race breeders should preserve local animal genetic resources so that they perform as a climate change adaptation alternative that will have repercussions on livestock production systems.

Cross-sectional study on Traditional pig rearing practices and cysticercosis in the southern region of Côte d’Ivoire

BackgroundIn West Africa, pig meat, known as pork, is often supplied by traditional farms in rural districts. This practice causes significant sanitary risk because of the lack of veterinary control of farms and slaughterhouses in rural districts. This study aims to describe pig breeding practices used in southern Côte d'Ivoire to establish a surveillance system for cysticercosis disease. This survey was conducted among traditional pig producers living in villages surrounding Dabou, Aboisso, and Agboville. The data collected focused on the profile of producers and the characteristics of the farms.ResultsA total of 321 pig producers were identified (Dabou 72 (22.4%), Aboisso 26 (8.1%), and Agboville 223 (69.5%)). Most of the herders were male (87.8%). The total count of animals was 3,663 heads of pigs, with mostly youngpiglets (60.2%) and sow (29.3%). The local race was predominant (80.6 %) for only 15.5% of half-caste races. Most of the farms used permanent divagation rearing (53.3%). Following examination, random samples of pigs were tracked in all the selected villages using the quota methods. Animals' blood samples and serums were analyzed using Ac-ELISA and Western Blot. Out of the selected 639 animals, 13.2 % had antibodies against cysticercosis with considerable variations from one village to another.ConclusionsThe study highlighted that, in these regions, pig farming remains essentially traditional, with free grazing of animals, which constitutes a significant sanitary risk, especially for Taenia solium.

Sibling Rivalry

This chapter highlights practices of welfare workers in Fargo and compares them to practices of refugee resettlement workers in order to better understand how these institutions have shaped citizenship as well as local race, class, and gender formations in similar and different ways by framing them as siblings in the kinship of neoliberalism. The chapter specifically talks about the Cass County Social Services and the New American Services. Like siblings, workers in both sectors have competed and cooperated as they have worked with New Americans in the city. These institutions and their locations in the public/private borderlands are important loci for understanding varying approaches to citizenship, immigration, race, labor and class, and gender. The chapter also talks about the 1966 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity and Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), or simply “welfare reform”.

Cross-sectional Study on Traditional Pork Rearing Practices and Cysticercosis in the South Part of Ivory Coast

In West africa, pig meat know as pork is often supplied by traditional farms in rural areas. This pratice causes important sanitary risk by lack of veterinary control of farms and slaughterhouses in rural areas. The objective of this study was to describe pig husbandry practices used in southern Côte d'Ivoire in order to establish a surveillance system for cysticercosis disease. This survey was carried out among traditional pig breeders living in villages of the district of Dabou, Aboisso and Agboville. The data collected focused on the profile of producers and on the characteristics of the farms. A total of 321 breeders have been identified (Dabou 72 (22.4%), Aboisso 26 (8.1%) and Agboville 223 (69.5%)). Most of the herders were male (87.8%). A total of 3663 heads of pigs were counted with a majority of young pigs (60.2%) and females (29.3%) for 10.5% of male breeders. The local race was predominant (80.6 %) for only 15.5% of half-caste races. Most of the farms used permanent divagation rearing (53.3%). Following investigation of the herds, pigs were randomly samples in all the villages of the three areas using quota methods. Animals were blood sampled and serums were analyzed using Ac-ELISA and Western Blot. Among 639 animals selected, 13,20 % had antibodies against cysticercosis with large variations from one village to another. The study highlights that, in this region, pig farming remains essentially traditional, with free grazing of animals which constitutes a major sanitary risk especially for Taenia solium.

Origin of Race 3 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici at a Single Site in California

Thirty-nine isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were collected from tomato plants displaying wilt symptoms in a field in California 2 years after F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 was first observed at that location. These and other isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici were characterized by pathogenicity, race, and vegetative compatibility group (VCG). Of the 39 California isolates, 22 were in VCG 0030, 11 in VCG 0031, and six in the newly described VCG 0035. Among the isolates in VCG 0030, 13 were race 3, and nine were race 2. Of the isolates in VCG 0031, seven were race 2, one was race 1, and three were nonpathogenic to tomato. All six isolates in VCG 0035 were race 2. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and sequencing of the intergenic spacer (IGS) region of rDNA identified five IGS RFLP haplotypes, which coincided with VCGs, among 60 isolates of F. oxysporum from tomato. Five race 3 isolates from California were of the same genomic DNA RFLP haplotype as a race 2 isolate from the same location, and all 13 race 3 isolates clustered together into a subgroup in the neighbor joining tree. Collective evidence suggests that race 3 in California originated from the local race 2 population.

Structural polymorphism in Drosophila subobscura Coll. from various localities in Scotland

1. Gunson's salivary chromosome preparations of Drosophila subobscura from widely separated sites in Scotland have been re-examined and inversions recorded according to the Mainx nomenclature.2. Sixty-four diploid sets only were available. Of these, thirty-seven sets were found to be structurally homozygous on all chromosomes.3. From Drumnadrochit in the north-central area of Scotland, the inversion found on the E-chromosome, so far as is known, has not previously been described. Its break-points have been noted, and the inversion is named E14.4. A strain of D. subobscura from the small western island of Iona was the only one found to be completely homozygous in the five long arms of the chromosome set.5. Samples of D. subobscura from two closely related localities in Midlothian, Scotland, also have been examined. Results are based on the analysis of 120 haploid sets in hybrids between the local race and the standard Küsnacht stock.6. A slight difference in type and frequency of inversions has been noted between the two populations. The inversion E1+2 was recorded from Dalkeith, but was absent at Heriot, while U1, present at Heriot, was replaced by UST at Dalkeith.7. The A-chromosome was structurally homozygous throughout.8. Scottish samples of D. subobscura are characterized by their qualitative simplicity of polymorphism, the variety of inversion types being small. Chromosome orders analysed have been compared with those occurring in Western Europe and Israel.