scholarly journals XI. On the normal paraffins. Part III

1879 ◽  
Vol 29 (196-199) ◽  
pp. 364-365
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
General Formula ◽  
The Other ◽  
Partial Decomposition ◽  
Lower Temperature

The isomeric monochlorides, obtained from the normal paraffins existing in petroleum, yield by the abstraction of hydrochloric acid a mixture of olefines, one portion of which readily combines with hydrochloric acid in the cold, whilst the other unites with it only on heating. The chlorides formed in the cold boil with partial decomposition and at a lower temperature than the others, which distil without undergoing any change, and have the general formula CH 3 - CHCl—C n H 2 n +1 .

scholarly journals XII. On the normal paraffins. —Part III

1880 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
General Formula ◽  
The Other ◽  
Partial Decomposition ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Derivatives Of

The isomeric monochlorides obtained from the normal paraffins existing in petroleum yield by the abstraction of hydrochloric acid a mixture of olefines, one portion of which readily combines with hydrochloric acid in the cold, whilst the other is not changed, even if it be left in contact with the acid for weeks, and only unites with it on heating. The chlorides which are formed in the cold boil with partial decomposition and at a lower temperature than the others, which distil without undergoing any change, and, as Morgan has shown, have the general formula, CH 3 —CHCl—C n H 2 n +1. † They are, therefore, derivatives of the olefines having the constitution CH 2 = CH —C n H 2 n +1 or CH 2 =CHR, and which, as Le Bel‡ has also shown, combine with hydrochloric acid only on heating.

Extraction of iron, cobalt, nickel and copper with dibenzyl sulfoxide solution in toluene

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 2024-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Vláčil ◽  
Huynh Dang Khanh
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Iron Cobalt ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Factor Α

The dependence of the distribution ratio of the metal on the concentration of hydrochloric of nitric acid was examined for Fe, Co, Ni and Cu extraction with 0.05M solution of dibenzylsulfoxide in toluene. Iron is extracted considerably more than the other metals, and is better extracted from hydrochloric acid than from nitric acid. The separation factor αFe/M (for 8M-HCl) is of the order of 104; this is not sufficient for a separation of trace quantities of iron from Co, Ni and Cu, but even at lower concentrations of HCl (e.g., 5M) the values is high enough for extraction chromatographic separation. The composition of the iron solvate extracted from HCl or LiCl medium was determined to be HFeCl4.2 B (B = dibenzyl sulfoxide).

scholarly journals The Dissociation of the Compound of Iodine and Thio-urea

1904 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
General Formula ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Image Position

When thio-urea is treated with suitable oxidising agents in presence of acids, salts are formed corresponding to the general formula (CSN2H4)2X2:—Of these salts the di-nitrate is very sparingly soluble, and is precipitated on the addition of nitric acid or a nitrate to solutions of the other salts. The salts, as a class, are not very stable, and their solutions decompose, especially on warming, with formation of sulphur, thio-urea, cyanamide, and free acid. A corresponding decomposition results immediately on the addition of alkali, and this constitutes a very characteristic reaction for these salts.

GROWTH OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN ACIDIFIED PASTEURIZED MILK1

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 516-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Minor ◽  
E. H. Marth
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Effect On Growth

The effect of gradually reducing the pH of pasteurized milk with acetic, citric, hydrochloric, lactic, and phosphoric acids over periods of 4, 8, and 12 hr on growth of Staphylococcus aureus 100 in this substrate was determined. In addition, 1: 1 mixtures of lactic acid and each of the other acids, and of acetic and citric acids were evaluated for their effect on growth of this organism. To achieve a 90% reduction in growth over a 12 hr period, a final pH value of 5.2 was required for acetic, 4.9 for lactic, 4.7 for phosphoric and citric, and 4.6 for hydrochloric acid. A 99% reduction during a 12 hr period was obtained with a final pH value of 5.0 for acetic, 4.6 for lactic, 4.5 for citric, 4.1 for phosphoric, and 4.0 for hydrochloric acid. A pH value of 3.3 was required for a 99.9% reduction with hydrochloric acid, whereas the same effect was produced at a pH value of 4.9 with acetic acid. Correspondingly lower pH values were required to inhibit growth within 8 and 4 hr periods. Mixtures of acids adjusted to pH values at the borderline for growth (12 hr period) exhibited neither synergistic nor antagonistic effects between two acids.

Pyrimidine Derivatives and Related Compounds, V Synthesis of Some Isoxazolo [2,3-a] pyrimidines. A New Ring System

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hilmy Elnagdi ◽  
Ezzat Mohamed Kandeel ◽  
Kamal Usef Sadek
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetoacetate ◽  
Pyrimidine Derivative ◽  
Ring System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Pyrimidine Derivatives ◽  
Benzoyl Isothiocyanates ◽  
Related Compounds

3-Amino-5-phenyl-4-phenylazoisoxazole (1) reacts with ethyl acetoacetate to yield the corresponding ethyl isoxazolylaminocrotonate derivative (2) which could be thermally cyclized into the isoxazolopyrimidine derivative (4). On the other hand, condensation of 1 with ethoxymethylenemalononitrile has resulted in the formation of the aminoethylene derivative (5).Compound 1 reacted with acrylonitrile to yield the isoxazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidine derivative (6). The latter was converted into the corresponding exo derivative (8) by the action of acetic acid-hydrochloric acid mixture.Compound 1 also reacted with methoxycarbonyl-, ethoxycarbomyl- and benzoyl isothiocyanates to yield the isoxazolylthioureas (10a, b) and (11), respectively. The reaction of 2 with acetic acid-hydrochloric acid and with phenylhydrazine is reported.

Growth of Epitaxial Site-Engineered Bi4Ti3O12-Basded Thin Films by Mocvdand Their Characterization

2002 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Funakubo ◽  
Tomohiro Sakai ◽  
Takayuki Watanabe ◽  
Minoru Osada ◽  
Masato Kakihana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Leakage Current ◽  
Leakage Current Density ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Spontaneous Polarization ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
La Substitution ◽  
Lower Temperature

ABSTRACTThin films of BIT, La-substituted BIT (BLT) and La- and V-cosubstituted BIT(BLTV) were epitaxially grown on SrRuO3//SrTiO3 substrates at 850°C by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and their electrical properties were systematically compared. All films on (100), (110) and (111)-oriented substrates were epitaxially grown with (001)-, (104)-/(014)-and (118) –preferred orientations, respectively. The leakage current density of the BLTV film was almost the same with that of the BLT film, but was smaller than that of BIT film, suggesting that the La substitution contributed to the decrease of the leakage current density especially in pseudoperovskite layer. Spontaneous polarization of the BLTV film was estimated to be almost the same with the BLT film but was smaller that that of the BIT film. This is explained by the decrease of Tc with the La substitution, while V did not contribute to the change of the Curie temperature (Tc ). On the other hand, the coercive field (Ec) value of the BLTV was smaller than that of the BIT and the BLT films. As a result, La substitution contributed to the decrease of the leakage current density together with the decrease of the spontaneous polarization due to the decrease of the Tc. On the other hand, V substitution contributes to the decrease of the defects that suppress the domain motion and increases the Ec value. Therefore, each substitution of La and V plays different roles and this contribution is remarkable for the films deposited at lower temperature.

THE STABILITY OF CYANOGEN CHLORIDE

1947 ◽  
Vol 25f (5) ◽  
pp. 284-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Van Cleave ◽  
R. L. Eager
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pyrex Glass ◽  
Cyanogen Chloride ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Container Material

The stability of cyanogen chloride in contact with Pyrex glass, aluminium, bakelite, brass, and steel at 20 °C. has been investigated. The tests indicate that crude or purified cyanogen chloride can be satisfactorily and safely stored in contact with any of these materials except brass, provided that precautions are taken to ensure that only relatively small amounts of water or hydrochloric acid are present. Brass has been shown to be entirely unsatisfactory as a container material for either crude or pure cyanogen chloride as it appears to catalyse a decomposition reaction that is not shown by any of the other materials tested.

Dielectric Behaviour of Ice Microcrystals: A Study Versus Temperature

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (86) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Boned ◽  
Bernard Lagourette ◽  
Marc Clausse
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dielectric Behaviour ◽  
Dielectric Relaxations ◽  
General Radio ◽  
Lower Temperature Range ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Oil Type

AbstractDispersions of ice microcrystals were obtained from the breakdown of supercooling of water-in-oil type emulsions whose disperse phase was either resin-exchanged water or aqueous solutions of NH4Cl. Their complex permittivity ε⋆ = ε´–jε˝ was studied versus temperatureT,up to the melting point of ice microcrystals, by means of an automatically balancing admittance bridge (General Radio 1680 A) working at 400 Hz and 1 kHz, The plots ε´(T), ε˝(T) and ε˝(ε´) reveal that these systems exhibit two distinct dielectric relaxations located on either side of a temperatureTmwhich was found to be equal to about — 20°C in the case of water and lower than — 20°C in the case of aqueous solutions of NH4Cl. The relaxation located in the lower temperature range arises from the Debye dipolar absorption of ice while the other one could be related to structural changes occurring within the lattice of ice asTapproaches its melting point. These results are consistent with those obtained by investigating versus frequency the dielectric behaviour of ice monocrystals at discrete sub-zero temperatures close to their melting point.

Alumina aerogel catalysts prepared by two supercritical drying methods used in methane combustion

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1424-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Mizushima ◽  
Makoto Hori
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Methane Combustion ◽  
Supercritical Drying ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Alumina Aerogel ◽  
Lower Temperature

Palladium-supported alumina aerogels were prepared by two different supercritical drying methods. In one method, an alumina wet gel was dried under supercritical conditions of ethanol in an autoclave. In the other, the aerogel was supercritically dried by extracting ethanol using carbon dioxide in an extractor. The Pd-supported alumina aerogel prepared in the autoclave exhibited a high specific surface area of 112.8 m2/g after firing at 1200 °C for 5 h, while the other had a specific surface area of only 5.2 m2/g due to α-alumina transformation. Their catalytic properties for methane combustion were measured. The Pd-supported alumina aerogel prepared in the autoclave combusts methane perfectly at 50–60 °C lower temperature than the other. Palladium particles on the alumina aerogel prepared in the autoclave contained palladium oxide, while those prepared in the CO2 extractor contained only palladium metal.

The reaction of steroid 2,4-dienes with acetylenes

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (22) ◽  
pp. 3508-3516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Yates ◽  
Françoise M. Walliser
Keyword(s):  
Diels Alder ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate ◽  
Methyl Propiolate ◽  
Lower Temperature

Reaction of 2,4-cholestadiene, 2,4-androstadien-17-one, or 3-trimethylsiloxy-2,4-cholestadiene with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate or methyl propiolate in boiling xylene results in the cleavage of rings A and B and the formation of 4-(2-arylethyl)-5-isopropenyl-7a-methyltetrahydroindane derivatives. They are considered to be formed via Diels–Alder addition of the acetylene to the steroid diene followed by a retro-Diels–Alder cleavage of the resulting bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene system. Attempts to isolate the Diels–Alder adducts by carrying out the additions at lower temperature were unsuccessful, since no reaction occurred. However, when 2,4-androstadien-17-one was treated with dicyanoacetylene in boiling benzene, it was possible to isolate a mixture of two stereoisomeric Diels–Alder adducts containing the bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene system in ring A; this was converted in boiling xylene to a retro-Diels–Alder product analogous to the products obtained with the other acetylenic dienophiles.

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