Pollen analyses of the cromer forest bed series in east anglia with an appendix on the non-marine mollusca

1963 ◽  
Vol 246 (729) ◽  
pp. 149-202 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oak Forest ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Pollen Diagram ◽  
Arboreal Pollen ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Very High

The deposits which have been analyzed lie on the coast between West Runton and Corton. No single pollen diagram shows the complete vegetational history of the period during which the Cromer Forest Bed Series was laid down, but, when considered together, the diagrams show evidence of a sequence which has been divided tentatively into three zones. The first of these (zone a) shows a predominance of Betula and then Pirns ; pollen of other trees is either absent or insignificant, and the non-arboreal pollen values are very high in the early part of the zone. Alnus is strongly represented throughout zone b, which shows the rise and subsequent decline of mixed-oak forest trees and a similar but later change in Picea . The mixed-oak forest trees disappear in zone c, Alnus and Picea decrease and probably disappear and Betula and Pinus return to dominance. It is possible that these three zones represent a sequence in time; if so, the changes reflect a climatic change from cool or cold conditions through a warm period to increasing cold. The pollen zones could not be related satisfactorily to the divisions of the Cromer Forest Bed Series which were established by Clement Reid. The vegetational zones of the Cromer Forest Bed Series are compared with those of other deposits which are believed to be of the same age or to belong to subsequent interglacials. It appears that the Cromerian diagrams have a number of features in common which may be used to distinguish them from diagrams referred to deposits of other interglacials. The non-marine molluscs found in the Cromer Forest Bed Series at West Runton are listed by Mr B. W. Sparks, who considers that they indicate the formation of that part of the deposit in a marsh cut by sluggish drainage channels.

The Ancient Cultivation of Hemp

Antiquity ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 41 (161) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Economic Plant ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Pollen Diagram ◽  
Indian Hemp ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archaeological Knowledge

The discovery in a long pollen diagram from East Anglia of a substantial curve for a pollen-grain referable to Cannabis sativa, L., the Indian hemp, raised the hope that we might, through palynology, have the means of tracing the history of cultivation of this important and sinister economic plant in England and in Western Europe. It was clearly essential that pollen-analytic evidence should be related fully to existing historical and archaeological knowledge, and aided by a notice in this journal (ANTIQUITY, 1964, 287), and by the notable kindness of a great many academic colleagues, I have put together a condensed historical account of the plant in antiquity as preface to a description of the pollen-analytic data.

scholarly journals Antihypertensive Efficacy of Fixed Combination of Amlodipine and Ramipril in Patients with Arterial Hypertension and Very High Cardiovascular Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 840-845
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Korennova ◽  
S. P. Podolnaya ◽  
E. P. Prihodko ◽  
E. A. Turusheva ◽  
S. N. Starinskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Fixed Combination ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Antihypertensive Efficacy ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Coronary Artery Stenting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Very High

Aim. To evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of amlodipine and ramipril in hypertensive patients with very high cardiovascular risk. Material and methods. A retrospective cohort study of real clinical practice of prescribing antihypertensive drugs according to 255 medical records of outpatient hypertensive patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and coronary artery stenting was performed in the first part. An open observational study was performed in the second part. 69 people older than 18 years with a history of ACS and coronary artery stenting, without reaching the target blood pressure (BP) level while using free combinations of antihypertensive drugs and with indications for a fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine were included into the study. Analysis of self-monitoring of BP, office BP, daily BP monitoring (ABPM) and patients’ adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green test) initially, after 4 and after 12 weeks of taking the fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine was performed to assess the clinical efficacy of the studied drug. Results. It was found that 42.0% of patients did not follow the recommendations for regular intake of antihypertensive drugs. So, hypertension of all patients regarded as false-refractory, which was the basis for the prescription of the fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine in accordance with clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. After 4 weeks of therapy, there was significant decrease in office BP with the achievement and preservation of the target level by the 12th week, normalization to the 12th week of day and night BP variability in 54.9% of patients. 78.0% of patients followed medical recommendations for regular administration of antihypertensive drugs, none of the patients had adverse events. Conclusion. The use of fixed combinations of drugs, in particular, amlodipine and ramipril as a part of multicomponent therapy in hypertensive patients with very high cardiovascular risk, led to the achievement of target BP by the 4th week of therapy and stable preservation of antihypertensive effect in 12 weeks of treatment as well as gradual normalization of day and night BP variability in more than half of patients. Fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine allowed to improve adherence of patients to cardiovascular diseases.

RECENT INVESTIGATIONS AT TULA CHICO, TULA, HIDALGO

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Robert H. Cobean ◽  
Dan M. Healan ◽  
María Elena Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Classic Period ◽  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Early Postclassic ◽  
Initial Settlement ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
History Of

AbstractRecent excavations at Tula Chico, the monumental center for Tula's earliest settlement, revealed a long and complex history of occupation, beginning with its initial settlement in the Middle Classic period by Coyotlatelco peoples, when much of the region was under Teotihuacan's direct control. During the Epiclassic period, a program of monumental construction began that developed the monumental complex seen today over a period of about 200 years. Although Tula Chico was superseded by Tula Grande, the monumental center for the Early Postclassic city, it continued to be occupied and maintained until its destruction by fire. Tula Chico and Tula Grande show evidence of clear cultural continuity in ceramics, architecture, and sculpture, including “Toltec style” sculpture characteristic of Tula Grande that is present in temporally early contexts at Tula Chico.

scholarly journals AB0420 RISK OF DEVELOPING TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1510.2-1510
Author(s):  
L. Kondrateva ◽  
T. Popkova ◽  
E. Nasonov ◽  
A. Lila
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
History Of ◽  
Systemic Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Very High

Background:Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have higher than in general population prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Hyperinsulinemia is a predictor of developing type 2 DM, however routine measurement of insulin levels for DM risk assessment is uncomfortable in daily clinical practice. International Diabetes Federation recommends the use of patient questionnaires to quickly identify people who may be at a higher risk of DM development.Objectives:To determine the 10-years risk of developing type 2 DM in SLE patients using dedicated questionnaire - Finnish Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Form (FINDRISK) data.Methods:The study included 92 SLE patients without DM (83 women, 9 men, 39 [34; 47] years old). The median disease duration was 6 [2,14] years, SLEDAI-2K was 4[2;8]. SLE pts were treated with glucocorticoids (GC) (89%) and hydroxychloroquine (78%), immunosuppressive drugs (28%) and biological agents (10%). The control group consisted of 88 subjects without systemic rheumatic diseases, inflammatory arthritis or DM, matched by age and sex with SLE patients. Eight items of FINDRISK questionnaire (age, overweight, abdominal obesity, family history of diabetes, physical inactivity, eating habits, history of antihypertensive drugs treatment, history of hyperglycemia) were taken into account to calculate the total risk score (TS). The risk of developing DM within following 10 years is regarded as low (1%) or slightly elevated (4%) with TS ≤11 points, as moderate (17%), high (33%) or very high (50%) with TS ≥12 points.Results:The risk of developing DM was low or slightly elevated in 65 (71%) SLE pts and moderate, high or very high in 27 (29%) pts. The difference was significant compared with the control group, in which 76 (86%) subjects had a low or slightly elevated risk and 12 (14%) had a moderate, high or very high risk (p=0,01). The number of risk factors (4[2;5]) and the median TS of SLE pts (9[5;12] points) were higher than values in control subjects (3[2,4] factors and 6[3;9] points, respectively) (p<0,01 for both). DM risk factors profiles were similar in two groups, except for higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (66% vs 41%, p<0,01) and history of antihypertensive drugs treatment (57% vs 17%, p<0,01) in SLE. There were positive correlations between TS and CRP levels (r=0,25, p=0,02), SLICC (r=0,36, p<0,01), HAQ (r=0,29, p<0,01), and negative correlations between TS and SLEDAI-2K (r= -0,32, p<0,01), glomerular filtration rate by CKD-EPI (r=-0,23, p=0,03). Current GC use had no influence on TS values in SLE.Conclusion:Patients with SLE were more likely than individuals without systemic rheumatic diseases to have a moderate, high and very high risk of developing DM, and therefore, required interventions to prevent the metabolic disease. Increased risk of developing DM was associated with most common traditional factors, especially by abdominal obesity and regular use of antihypertensive drugs that can be considered a kind of equivalent to the presence of hypertension. Curtain contribution of inflammation, lupus activity and irreversible damage index can’t be ignored. Clarification of SLE-specific phenomena in DM pathogenesis requires further research.Disclosure of Interests: :None declared

scholarly journals Multi-Locus Selection and the Structure of Variation at the white Gene of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Kirby ◽  
Wolfgang Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
White Gene ◽  
Transcriptional Unit ◽  
North American Population ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Locus Selection ◽  
Neutral Equilibrium ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

Abstract We surveyed sequence variation and divergence for the entire 5972-bp transcriptional unit of the white gene in 15 lines of Drosophila melanogaster and one line of D. simulans. We found a very high degree of haplotypic structuring for the polymorphisms in the 3′ half of the gene, as opposed to the polymorphisms in the 5′ half. To determine the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for this pattern, we sequenced a 1612-bp segment of the white gene from an additional 33 lines of D. melanogaster from a European and a North American population. This 1612-bp segment encompasses an 834bp region of the white gene in which the polymorphisms form high frequency haplotypes that cannot be explained by a neutral equilibrium model of molecular evolution. The small number of recombinants in the 834bp region suggests epistatic selection as the cause of the haplotypic structuring, while an investigation of nucleotide diversity supports a directional selection hypothesis. A multi-locus selection model that combines features from both-hypotheses and takes the recent history of D. melanogaster into account may be the best explanation for these data.

scholarly journals Prediction of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Pogosova ◽  
NP Kachanova ◽  
YM Yufereva ◽  
OY Sokolova ◽  
IE Koltunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Ct Angiography ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Very High

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Coronary atherosclerosis has a long subclinical period. It’s early detection may offer a possibility of timely initiation of preventive interventions Purpose To develop a diagnostic rule for detection of patients (pts) with high probability of subclinical atherosclerosis among those with high or very high cardiovascular (CV) risk. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 52 pts (32 men [62%]), aged 40 to 65 years [mean age 54.6 ± 8.0]) with high or very high CV risk (5-9 and ≥10% by The Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation Scale [SCORE], respectively). All participants underwent cardiac computed tomography (CT) angiography and calcium scoring. Traditional risk factors (RFs) (family history of premature CVD, smoking, overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, lipids parameters (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides) and lipids-related markers (apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio), biomarkers of inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs CRP], fibrinogen), indicator carbohydrate metabolism (glucose),  ankle-brachial index,  stress-test, carotid plaques according to ultrasound were evaluated in all pts. Psychological RFs were evaluated using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and DS-14 for type D personality. Results All pts were divided into 2 groups according to the CT angiography results: pts in the main group (n = 21) had any non-obstructive lesions or calcium score &gt;0, pts in the control group (n = 31) had intact coronary arteries. The groups did not differ in age or gender. 26 multiple linear logistic models for any subclinical atherosclerosis were developed based on obtained diagnostic features. Taking into account R-square = 0.344 (p = 0.0008), the best fitting model was follows:  subclinical coronary atherosclerosis= -1.576 + 0.234 x SCORE ≥5%  + 0.541 x hs CRP &gt;2 g/l + 0.015 x heart rate  (bpm) + 0.311 family history of premature CVD.  The developed algorithm had sensitivity of 63% and  specificity of 80%. Conclusions The created diagnostic model diagnostic model suggests the presence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in patients with high / very high CV risk with a high degree of probability. This easy-to-use method can be used in routine clinical practice to improve risk stratification and management choices in high-risk pts.

scholarly journals I.—Trogontherium from a Pleistocene Deposit in the Thames Valley

1902 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 385-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Newton
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Incisor Tooth ◽  
Glacial Deposits ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Charles Lyell ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Sandy Deposit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pleistocene Deposit

The history of this gigantic rodent began to be written in 1809, when M. Gothelf Fischer described a skull from a sandy deposit on the borders of the Sea of Azof, to which he gave the name of Trogontherium. Since then, at varying intervals, to the present time, new chapters have been added to this history by both Continental and British workers, describing specimens of a more or less fragmentary character which have from time to time been discovered. The English specimens have been chiefly obtained from the ‘Cromer Forest Bed,’ that rich and remarkable series of beds occupying a position in time between the Crags and the Glacial deposits of East Anglia. The ‘Forest Bed’ specimens were first made known by Sir Charles Lyell in 1840, but were more fully described by Sir R. Owen in 1846 and referred to Fischer's Trogontherium Cuvieri. It will not be necessary at this time to refer specifically to each of the additions to our knowledge of this animal or to detail the varying opinions as to affinities and nomenclature, as these particulars will be found in the Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom. Although most of the British specimens of Trogontherium Cuvieri have been found in the ‘Cromer Forest Bed’ a few examples have been met with in the Norwich and Weybourn Crags. The smaller species, which has been called T. minus, was obtained from the nodule bed below the Red Crag of Felixstowe, and an incisor tooth from the Norwich Crag was referred to the same species.

Abstract P019: A Single Model For Predicting Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events In Individuals With And Without History Of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (aric) Study

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yejin Mok ◽  
Lena Mathews ◽  
Ron C Hoogeveen ◽  
Michael J Blaha ◽  
Christie M Ballantyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Single Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Very High

Background: In the 2018 AHA/ACC Cholesterol guideline, risk stratification is an essential element. The use of a Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE) is recommended for individuals without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and the new dichotomous classification of very high-risk vs. high-risk has been introduced for patients with ASCVD. These distinct risk stratification systems mainly rely on traditional risk factors, raising the possibility that a single model can predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in persons with and without ASCVD. Methods: We studied 11,335 ARIC participants with (n=885) and without (n=10,450) a history of ASCVD (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and symptomatic peripheral artery disease) at baseline (1996-98). We modeled factors in the PCE and the new classification for ASCVD patients (Figure legend) in a single CVD prediction model. We examined their associations with MACEs (myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure) using Cox models and evaluated the discrimination and calibration for a single model including those factors. Results: During a median follow-up of 18.4 years, there were 3,658 MACEs (3,105 in participants without ASCVD). In general, the factors in the PCE and the risk classification system for ASCVD patients were associated similarly with MACEs regardless of baseline ASCVD status, although age and systolic blood pressure showed significant interactions. A single model with these predictors and the relevant interaction terms showed good calibration and discrimination for those with and without ASCVD (c-statistic=0.729 and 0.704, respectively) (Figure). Conclusion: A single CVD prediction model performed well in persons with and without ASCVD. This approach will provide a specific predicted risk to ASCVD patients (instead of dichotomy of very high vs. high risk) and eliminate a practice gap between primary vs. secondary prevention due to different risk prediction tools.

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