Selection by parasites for clonal diversity and mixed mating

1994 ◽  
Vol 346 (1317) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Deleterious Mutation ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary Stability ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Dioecious Populations ◽  
Cross Fertilization ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable

On theoretical grounds, coevolutionary interactions with parasites can select for cross-fertilization, even when there is a twofold advantage gained by reproducing through uniparental means. The suspected advantage of cross-fertilization stems from the production of genetically rare offspring, which are expected to be more likely to escape infection by coevolving enemies. In the present study, we consider the effects that parasites have on parthenogenetic mutants in obligately sexual, dioecious populations. Computer simulations show that repeated mutation to parthenogenesis can lead to the accumulation of clones with different resistance genotypes, and that a moderately diverse set of clones could competitively exclude the ancestral sexual subpopulation. The simulations also show that, when there are reasonable rates of deleterious mutation, Muller’s ratchet combined with coevolutionary interactions with parasites can lead to the evolutionary stability of cross-fertilization. In addition, we consider the effects that parasites can have on the evolution of uniparental reproduction in cosexual populations. Strategy models show that parasites and inbreeding depression could interact to select for evolutionarily stable reproductive strategies that involve mixtures of selfed and outcrossed progeny.

scholarly journals The mutation load under tetrasomic inheritance and its consequences for the evolution of the selfing rate in autotetraploid species

1999 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. RONFORT
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Deleterious Mutation ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Approximate Solutions ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Selfing Rate ◽  
Mutation Load ◽  
Mean Fitness ◽  
The Mean

Single-locus equilibrium frequencies of a partially recessive deleterious mutation under the mutation–selection balance model are derived for partially selfing autotetraploid populations. Assuming multiplicative fitness interactions among loci, approximate solutions for the mean fitness and inbreeding depression values are also derived for the multiple locus case and compared with expectations for the diploid model. As in diploids, purging of deleterious mutations through consanguineous matings occurs in autotetraploid populations, i.e. the equilibrium mutation load is a decreasing function of the selfing rate. However, the variation of inbreeding depression with the selfing rate depends strongly on the dominance coefficients associated with the three heterozygous genotypes. Inbreeding depression can either increase or decrease with the selfing rate, and does not always vary monotonically. Expected issues for the evolution of the selfing rate consequently differ depending on the dominance coefficients. In some cases, expectations for the evolution of the selfing rate resemble expectations in diploids; but particular sets of dominance coefficients can be found that lead to either complete selfing or intermediate selfing rates as unique evolutionary stable state.

scholarly journals Low levels of inbreeding depression and enhanced fitness in cleistogamous progeny in the annual plant Triodanis perfoliata

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 405-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth H. Ansaldi ◽  
Jennifer J. Weber ◽  
Carol Goodwillie ◽  
Steven J. Franks
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Annual Plant ◽  
Flower Type ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Selfing Species

The maintenance of outcrossing in cleistogamous plants that produce both open, facultatively outcrossing chasmogamous (CH), and closed, obligate selfing cleistogamous (CL) flowers is puzzling because CL reproduction is thought to be more reliable and less costly. A possible explanation for the maintenance of CH flowers is the avoidance of inbreeding depression. However, inbreeding depression for cleistogamous species has rarely been quantified. In this study, we estimate levels of inbreeding depression in plants from three populations of Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl., a dimorphic cleistogamous annual, under greenhouse conditions. Estimates of inbreeding depression at multiple life stages in all three populations were low and often not different from zero. Inbreeding depression at specific life stages varied, with two populations showing later-acting inbreeding depression, which is also found in other selfing species. In two of the study populations, selfed CL progeny outperformed selfed CH progeny, indicating a flower-type effect. The low levels of inbreeding depression and the superior fitness of CL compared with selfed CH flowers that we observed make the maintenance of CH flowers in this system surprising, and suggest that other advantages of outcrossing CH flowers are likely responsible for maintaining mixed mating in this species.

scholarly journals Microsatellite analysis of the mating system of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia obovata

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Mohammad Basyuni ◽  
Shigeyuki Baba ◽  
Hirosuke Oku ◽  
Ridha Wati ◽  
Annisa Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Mixed Mating Model ◽  
Mating Model ◽  
Inbreeding Level ◽  
Cross Fertilization

Microsatellite loci were used for estimating mating system for three populations of B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovata (Rhizophoracea) in Okinawa, Japan. Mother trees and thirty offspring of individual samples representing the population of both species were genotyped at five microsatellites. The mating system was examined using two approaches: a mixed mating model of multilocus testing, implemented by MLTR program and outcrossing rate from the level of inbreeding. Mating system analysis showed multilocus outcrossing rates (tm) for both species was 0.850-1.000 and 0.780-0.938 respectively. By contrast, according to inbreeding level, tm was lower than MLRT: 0.495-1.028 and 0.480-0.612 of both species respectively. However, biparental inbreeding (tm- ts) was diverse from zero both species for all three populations, showing that cross-fertilization events may ensue between the relatives both species. This data as well means the genetic relatedness (r) for B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovata were 0.108±0.025 and 0.032±0.09 respectively. Average relatedness was below 0.25, the value for a half-sib relationship. These results suggest that postulation of a half-sib relationship among progeny of open-pollinated families is opposed for both mangrove tree species.

scholarly journals Inbreeding depression due to mildly deleterious mutations in finite populations: size does matter

2000 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS BATAILLON ◽  
MARK KIRKPATRICK
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Deleterious Mutation ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Single Locus Analysis ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Inbreeding Rate

We studied the effects of population size on the inbreeding depression and genetic load caused by deleterious mutations at a single locus. Analysis shows how the inbreeding depression decreases as population size becomes smaller and/or the rate of inbreeding increases. This pattern contrasts with that for the load, which increases as population size becomes smaller but decreases as inbreeding rate goes up. The depression and load both approach asymptotic limits when the population size becomes very large or very small. Numerical results show that the transition between the small and the large population regimes is quite rapid, and occurs largely over a range of population sizes that vary by a factor of 10. The effects of drift on inbreeding depression may bias some estimates of the genomic rate of deleterious mutation. These effects could also be important in the evolution of breeding systems in hermaphroditic organisms and in the conservation of endangered populations.

ON THE EVOLUTIONARY STABILITY OF "TOUGH" BARGAINING BEHAVIOR

2003 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
ANDERS POULSEN
Keyword(s):  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Evolutionary Stability ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Evolutionary Selection ◽  
Nash Demand Game ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Bargaining Behavior ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable

This paper investigates whether "tough" bargaining behavior, which gives rise to inefficiency, can be evolutionarily stable. We show that in a two-stage Nash Demand Game such behavior survives. Indeed, almost all the surplus may be wasted. We also study the Ultimatum Game. Here evolutionary selection wipes out all tough behavior, as long as the Proposer does not directly observe the Responder's commitment to rejecting low offers.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN MIXED-MATING PLANTS PROVIDES EVIDENCE FOR SELECTIVE INTERFERENCE AND STABLE MIXED MATING

Evolution ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 3339-3359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice A. Winn ◽  
Elizabeth Elle ◽  
Susan Kalisz ◽  
Pierre-Olivier Cheptou ◽  
Christopher G. Eckert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Selective Interference
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