scholarly journals The origins of belonging: social motivation in infants and young children

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1686) ◽  
pp. 20150072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Over
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Successful Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Our reliance on our group members has exerted a profound influence over our motivation: successful group functioning requires that we are motivated to interact, and engage, with those around us. In other words, we need to belong. In this article, I explore the developmental origins of our need to belong. I discuss existing evidence that, from early in development, children seek to affiliate with others and to form long-lasting bonds with their group members. Furthermore, when children are deprived of a sense of belonging, it has negative consequences for their well-being. This focus on social motivation enables us to examine why and in what circumstances children engage in particular behaviours. It thus provides an important complement to research on social cognition. In doing so, it opens up important questions for future research and provides a much-needed bridge between developmental and social psychology.

scholarly journals Unintended Consequences in Transformative Service Research: Helping Without Harming

2021 ◽  
pp. 109467052110611
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Blocker ◽  
Brennan Davis ◽  
Laurel Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Empirical Insight ◽  
Negative Spillover

Even as transformative service initiatives promote greater well-being, they may also create unintentionally negative consequences. Research investigates boundary conditions and boomerang effects that wash out or reverse the intended effects of service initiatives. However, such research generally advances greater depth of insight about unintended consequences in a particular stream rather than bridging this knowledge across service domains. Thus, service research lacks integrative frameworks, theory, and empirical insight to advance more generalizable knowledge about unintended consequences. The purpose of this editorial is to clarify the importance of investigating unintended consequences across service contexts and propose pathways as a catalyst for research. Using theory on unintended consequences, we delineate the types of unintended consequences and discuss the underlying mechanisms. We identify themes that span papers in the special issue and illuminate negative spillover consequences. The editorial concludes with an overview of future research avenues with potential to accelerate important transformative service research.

scholarly journals ‘A Source of Sanity’: The Role of Social Support for Doctoral Candidates’ Belonging and Becoming

10.28945/4275 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 367-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia Mantai
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Student Diversity ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Doctoral Candidates ◽  
Researcher Identity

Aim/Purpose: This paper investigates the role of social support in the PhD. Despite universities’ efforts to provide a collegial PhD experience, candidates report isolation and loneliness in doctoral education – a factor contributing to attrition. Background: Previous research (Mantai & Dowling, 2015) defined social support in four categories: moral, emotional, guiding and mentoring, companionship, and collegiality. Social support is facilitated in various formal and informal groupings. Socialisation into scholarly communities promotes researcher identities through a sense of belonging. Developing a strong researcher identity through social connections benefits a student’s physical and emotional well-being, PhD progress, and investment in researcher careers. Methodology: This paper is based on thematic analysis of focus groups and one-on-one interviews with 64 PhD candidates from two Australian metropolitan universities. Contribution: Students’ perspectives on social support during PhD study are largely missing in the literature, as more importance is placed on academic support. This paper provides rich empirical evidence to show that support afforded by candidates’ personal, social, and professional relationships is critical in doctoral candidates’ identity development. Findings: First, investigating social support from the student perspective shows that it promotes students’ researcher identity development, sense of belonging, and community. Second, the paper extends our understanding of what social support means as it examines this concept in the context of student diversity. This paper confirms social support in the PhD extends beyond the institutional higher degree research environment and includes outside support by family, friends as well as online communities. Recommendations for Practitioners: Promote and improve support services, networking opportunities, and social connections within academia and beyond. Invest in understanding students’ diverse backgrounds and individual circumstances as well as goals. Recommendation for Researchers: Evaluate existing social support structures in place and identify social support needs of doctoral candidates at your particular institution. Impact on Society: Institutions, governments, and individuals heavily invest in PhD degrees financially and psychologically. This research aims to improve outcomes for society by developing skilled and confident graduates. Future Research: Future research ought to focus on the issues experienced by students of particular demographic backgrounds and on how to best support them.

scholarly journals Social Status Affects the Causal Relationship Between Prejudice, Discrimination, Personality, Subjective Well-Being, and Self-Esteem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Valdece Sousa Bastos ◽  
Víthor Rosa Franco ◽  
Annalisa Myer
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Status ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Status Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination

People who repeatedly experience prejudice and discrimination are at greater risk for developing several negative consequences, such as low self-esteem (SE). However, scholars have not explored the role of social status as an important variable for this relationship, and its consequences. The current study is aimed at investigating the role of status on the relationship between self-perceived prejudice and discrimination (SPPD), subjective well-being (SWB), SE, and the Big-Five. In a Brazilian sample (N = 1,130), we found that social status affects the network structure among low- and high-status group members. We also found that not all causal relations are equal between groups, such that the influence of SPPD, SE, and neuroticism is different depending on participants’ social status. Our results demonstrate the importance of accounting for social status when crafting psychological interventions to mitigate the negative effects of prejudice and discrimination and dismantle systems of oppression for low-status group members.

Violence Against Teachers in South Korea: Negative Consequences and Factors Leading to Emotional Distress

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byongook Moon ◽  
Merry Morash ◽  
June Oh Jang ◽  
SeokJin Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Teaching Effectiveness ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Verbal Threat

Empirical studies indicate that violence against teachers is a globally prevalent phenomenon and has damaging negative effects on victimized teachers’ physical and emotional well-being and teaching effectiveness. Nevertheless, limited empirical research has been conducted to identify factors affecting emotional distress among victimized teachers. This research contributes to the literature by exploring negative consequence of victimization and factors associated with victimized teachers’ emotional distress in a South Korean context. The results indicate that students’ verbal and noncontact physical aggression are highly correlated with teachers’ emotional distress. Teachers’ gender, student-oriented approach, and several incident characteristics (number of offending students, direct settlement with offending students) are significant predictors of emotional distress caused by either students’ verbal threat or noncontact aggressive behaviors. Directions for future research and policy implications are discussed.

Multiple Paths to Belonging That We Should Study Together

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Hirsch ◽  
Margaret S. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
Communal Relationship ◽  
Multiple Paths ◽  
A Minor

We propose a broadened conceptualization of what it means to belong by reviewing evidence that there is more than one way to achieve a sense of belonging. We suggest four paths—a communal-relationship path, a general-approbation path, a group-membership path, and a minor-sociability path—and review some evidence for the existence of each. We call for researchers to recognize that multiple paths to belonging exist and to study whether and how the paths combine and interact to influence people’s sense of belonging. Choosing the communal-relationship path and the general-approbation path as an example, we highlight times when these paths may (a) mesh well and produce additive boosts to a person’s sense of belonging, (b) substitute for one another, and (c) conflict with one another and cause ambivalence. We further call for the development of refined measures of the need to belong and of having a sense of achieved belonging as well as new measures of striving to achieve belonging through specific paths. We suggest that broadening the conceptualization of belonging will help integrate existing literature and generate future research.

Service robots, customers and service employees: what can we learn from the academic literature and where are the gaps?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinh Nhat Lu ◽  
Jochen Wirtz ◽  
Werner H. Kunz ◽  
Stefanie Paluch ◽  
Thorsten Gruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Service Robots ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Multiple Observations ◽  
The Impact

PurposeRobots are predicted to have a profound impact on the service sector. The emergence of robots has attracted increasing interest from business scholars and practitioners alike. In this article, we undertake a systematic review of the business literature about the impact of service robots on customers and employees with the objective of guiding future research.Design/methodology/approachWe analyzed the literature on service robots as they relate to customers and employees in business journals listed in the Financial Times top 50 journals plus all journals covered in the cross-disciplinary SERVSIG literature alerts.FindingsThe analysis of the identified studies yielded multiple observations about the impact of service robots on customers (e.g. overarching frameworks on acceptance and usage of service robots; characteristics of service robots and anthropomorphism; and potential for enhanced and deteriorated service experiences) and service employees (e.g. employee benefits such as reduced routine work, enhanced productivity and job satisfaction; potential negative consequences such as loss of autonomy and a range of negative psychological outcomes; opportunities for human–robot collaboration; job insecurity; and robot-related up-skilling and development requirements). We also conclude that current research on service robots is fragmented, is largely conceptual in nature and focused on the initial adoption stage. We feel that more research is needed to build an overarching theory. In addition, more empirical research is needed, especially on the long(er)-term usage service robots on actual behaviors, the well-being and potential downsides and (ethical) risks for customers and service employees.Research limitations/implicationsOur review focused on the business and service literature. Future work may want to include additional literature streams, including those in computer science, engineering and information systems.Originality/valueThis article is the first to synthesize the business and service literature on the impact of service robots on customers and employees.

scholarly journals Attention or Distraction? The Impact of Mobile Phone on Users' Psychological Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxun Chu ◽  
Sara Qaisar ◽  
Zakir Shah ◽  
Afsheen Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Conflict Theory ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
The Impact

Cumulative evidence has demonstrated that mobile phone distraction, in particular among emerging adults, is a growing problem. Considerable efforts have been made to contribute to the literature by proposing cognitive emotion pre-occupation which acts as an underlying mechanism through which mobile phone distraction results in a reduction in psychological well-being. The proposed model is supported by distraction-conflict theory which reveals that users, with high attention control, are better at coping with the negative consequences of mobile phone distraction. The data, consisting of 914 University students in China, was analyzed using statistical tools. The results support that mobile phone distraction has a significant positive relationship with cognitive emotional pre-occupation which negatively affects users' psychological well-being. Our findings also reveal that attention control moderated the mediation effect of cognitive emotional pre-occupation in association with mobile phone distraction and psychological well-being. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed along with limitations and future research.

scholarly journals Collective Autonomy: Why Groups Fight for Power and Status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kachanoff ◽  
Kurt Gray ◽  
Richard Koestner ◽  
Nour Kteily ◽  
Michael Jeremy Adam Wohl
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Structural Power ◽  
Privileged Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members

People experience “collective autonomy restriction” when they believe other groups want to restrict their own group from freely expressing its social identity and determining its behavior. We review emerging research on the negative consequences of collective autonomy restriction for well-being, as well as its implications for group members’ motivation to fight for their place within social hierarchies. We propose that group members desire two resources tied to having a favorable position within the social hierarchy – structural power (i.e., the ability to influence and resist influence from other groups) and status (being positively valued and perceived as moral by others) – because they believe that having power and status are necessary to secure their group’s collective autonomy. We hypothesize that group members anticipate that other groups might restrict their group if they lack the structural power to resist outside influences, or if they are perceived as negative or immoral and worthy of restriction. We apply this power and status perspective of collective autonomy restriction to predict (1) when disempowered groups are most likely to fight against (vs. tolerate) their disadvantaged position and (2) when powerful groups are most likely to relinquish power and acknowledge their transgressions (versus defensively maintain their privileged position).

scholarly journals The Work-Life Conflict and Satisfaction with Life: Correlates and the Mediating Role of the Work-Family Conflict

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Work Family

The permeable boundary between family life and professional life allows interferences between them which could lead to either positive or negative consequences in both plans of the employees’ lives. Our paper aims to analyse the relationships between the work-family conflict, organizational attachment, positive and negative affectivity, work satisfaction and life satisfaction and last but not least, well-being. The sample consisted of 245 employees. The main hypothesis highlights the mediating role of the work-family conflict in the relationship between affectivity, workplace attachment and job satisfaction and satisfaction with life. Future research could focus on the environmental factors mediating the relationships between life and job satisfaction and on their interaction with the dispositional factors.

scholarly journals Characteristics of sleep-conducive music: A narrative evidence review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-437
Author(s):  
Yuluan Wang ◽  
Annette Rivard ◽  
Christine Guptill ◽  
Carol Boliek ◽  
Cary Brown
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Evidence Review ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Sleep deficiency (SD) is a prevalent problem and has serious negative consequences for physical, cognitive, and psychological well-being. The use of music as a non-pharmacological sleep intervention has been proposed in several studies. A 2014 meta-analysis of 10 randomized trials evaluating the impact of music on sleep concluded that it can decrease sleep onset delay (latency) and sleep disturbances, increases sleep duration, and improves daytime dysfunction.  It appears that, to-date, evidence-based guidelines for the selection and/or production of sleep-promoting music do not exist.  This review addresses that gap and synthesizes available literature towards the goal of developing guidelines grounded in the evidence-based characteristics of sleep conducive music. Design and Results: A narrative review of research papers relevant to the topic identified evidence-based characteristics of sleep-conducive music related to tempo, rhythm, pitch, volume, and duration. Conclusion: This identification and compilation of evidence-based characteristics of sleep-conducive music can underpin future research that targets development and testing of specific music to promote sleep.  

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