scholarly journals Collective Autonomy: Why Groups Fight for Power and Status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kachanoff ◽  
Kurt Gray ◽  
Richard Koestner ◽  
Nour Kteily ◽  
Michael Jeremy Adam Wohl
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Structural Power ◽  
Privileged Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members

People experience “collective autonomy restriction” when they believe other groups want to restrict their own group from freely expressing its social identity and determining its behavior. We review emerging research on the negative consequences of collective autonomy restriction for well-being, as well as its implications for group members’ motivation to fight for their place within social hierarchies. We propose that group members desire two resources tied to having a favorable position within the social hierarchy – structural power (i.e., the ability to influence and resist influence from other groups) and status (being positively valued and perceived as moral by others) – because they believe that having power and status are necessary to secure their group’s collective autonomy. We hypothesize that group members anticipate that other groups might restrict their group if they lack the structural power to resist outside influences, or if they are perceived as negative or immoral and worthy of restriction. We apply this power and status perspective of collective autonomy restriction to predict (1) when disempowered groups are most likely to fight against (vs. tolerate) their disadvantaged position and (2) when powerful groups are most likely to relinquish power and acknowledge their transgressions (versus defensively maintain their privileged position).

National Identification, A Social Cure for COVID-19? Evidence From 67 Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bonetto ◽  
Sylvain Delouvée ◽  
Yara Mahfud ◽  
Jais Adam-Troian
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
National Identification ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mental Health Benefits

Social distancing and mass quarantines were implemented worldwide in response to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Prior research on the effects of social isolation has shown that such measures bear negative consequences for population health and well-being. Conversely, a growing body of evidence suggests that feeling positively identified with a group is associated with a range of physical and mental health benefits. This effect is referred to as the social cure and generalizes to various identities. In line with these findings, this study tested whether national identification could promote wellbeing and physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do so, we used survey data conducted among 67 countries (N = 46,450) which included measures of wellbeing, national identification, and subjective physical health. Mixed-model analyses revealed that national identity was indeed associated with wellbeing - despite adjustment on social belonging, COVID-19 perceived risk, exposure, and ideology. This effect did not extend to subjective health. These results suggest that the mere feeling of belonging to a national group may have mental health benefits and could be leveraged by governments. We discuss the implications of our findings within the social cure framework and their relevance for population mental health under COVID-19.

Imperatives and commands in Japanese

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerida Jarkey
Keyword(s):  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Face Threat ◽  
Contemporary Standard

This chapter examines the forms and usage of imperatives and command strategies in contemporary standard Japanese. Although commands are highly face-threatening acts in any language, speakers of Japanese encounter particular challenges in using them in socially acceptable ways. Commands are generally only given to those considered ‘below’ the speaker in the social hierarchy, and are normally considered appropriate only when used toward ‘in-group’ members. Further restrictions relate to the identity the speaker wishes to convey. Numerous command strategies have emerged to avoid using the most direct imperative forms, and some of these strategies have gradually come to be reinterpreted as imperative forms themselves, suggesting a loss of their original euphemistic qualities. Furthermore, when issuing commands, speakers often go to considerable lengths to soften the face threat, for example by giving reasons for the command, adding markers of hesitancy, or softening illocutionary particles, and using appropriate honorific language forms.

scholarly journals Advancing the social identity approach to health and well-being: Progressing the social cure research agenda

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 789-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanda Jetten ◽  
S. Alexander Haslam ◽  
Tegan Cruwys ◽  
Katharine H. Greenaway ◽  
Catherine Haslam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Social Identity Approach

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Romantic Relationships

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1038-1046
Author(s):  
Octav-Sorin Candel ◽  
Mihaela Jitaru
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emotional Safety

Since the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted most people’s activities and relationships. Romantic relationships are a crucial source of fulfillment and emotional safety for many individuals. However, due to the risk of illness and the social distancing norms, human interaction, even inside one’s couple or family, suffered great changes. Some of these changes have the potential of disrupting people’s relational or psychological well-being, but they can also have positive impacts. On the other hand, one of the most negative consequences is the growing number of intimate partner violence (IPV) incidents. Considering all these aspects, therapy would be beneficial for those affected.

scholarly journals In Praise of Irrationality: Self, "East" and "West" in Greek Teachers' Speeches on National Day Commemorations

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucianna Benincasa
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
The West ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Social Creativity ◽  
East And West

In this qualitative study of school discourse on national day commemorations, focus is on the "social creativity strategies" through which group members can improve their social identity. Discourse analysis was carried out on thirty-nine teachers' speeches delivered in Greek schools between 1998 and 2004. The speakers scorn rationality and logic, stereotypically attributed to "the West" (a "West" which is perceived not to include Greece), as cold and not human. The Greeks' successful national struggles are presented instead as the result of irrationality. They claim irrationality to be the most human and thus the most valuable quality, which places Greece first in the world hierarchy. The results are further discussed in terms of their implications for learning and teaching in the classroom, as well as for policy and research.

Social Identity, Stigma, and Health

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanda Jetten ◽  
S. Alexander Haslam ◽  
Tegan Cruwys ◽  
Nyla R. Branscombe
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Identity Processes ◽  
Positive Identity ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Group Memberships ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter argues that an understanding of social identity processes is critical to understand when and how stigma affects health. This chapter presents a social identity analysis of the relationship between stigma and health and starts from the premise that it is particularly difficult for individuals who belong to stigmatized groups to derive a positive identity from their social group memberships. However, when individuals turn to the stigmatized group, identify with it, and draw social support from others within it, their health will be buffered against some of the negative consequences of discrimination because group memberships—and the social identities that are derived from them—act as psychological resources. Perceptions of the broader sociostructural context that affect appraisals of discrimination and coping with stigma play an important role in determining whether the curing properties of group memberships are unlocked, turning the curse of belonging to a stigmatized group into a cure.

SOCIAL AND POLITICAL EFFECTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN RUSSIA: RESULTS OF A STUDY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE "WORLD INTERNET PROJECT - 2021"

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
I.A. Batanina ◽  
◽  
E.V. Brodovskaya ◽  
A.Y. Dombrovskaya ◽  
R.V. Parma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Online Retail ◽  
Online Consumer Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Online Consumer ◽  
Digital Gap

The results of the All-Russian survey on the social well-being of citizens in the con-text of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. The baseline results were con-clusions about changes in Russians 'offline and online consumer behavior, social expecta-tions, fears and citizens' perception of universal vaccination as a measure to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The study showed that three types of fears prevail among Russians: coronavirus infection of relatives and friends, their own illness when they do not receive the necessary medical care, and a drop in income (worsening living conditions) amid an uncon-trollably spreading pandemic. The analysis of the survey database showed the activation of digital behavior of citizens in the context of the pandemic, which became a favorable factor in the development of online retail. Against the background of the spread of the COVID-19 vi-rus, the age structure of the Russian national audience is changing, and the digital gap be-tween generations is gradually being bridged. The pandemic triggered the involvement of older people in the digital space. Cluster analysis of the research data made it possible to segment Russians into three groups in relation to the pandemic and measures to overcome it: covid-pessimists, who suffered the most from the restrictions of the corona virus and did not adapt to life under conditions of covid-restrictions; covid-optimists who have successfully adapted to new circumstances in connection with the spread of the COVID-19 virus; covid-realists focused on constructively overcoming the negative consequences of restrictive pandemic measures. Their socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics have been ana-lyzed, and the specificity of the civic position of representatives of various clusters of Rus-sians has been established.

Social ranking in animal and human societies

Ranking ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 42-64
Author(s):  
Péter Érdi
Keyword(s):  
Social Rank ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Social Ranking ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Physical Size ◽  
The Social ◽  
Network Organizations ◽  
Group Members

This chapter studies how social ranking in humans emerged as the result of an evolutionary process. It starts with the story of the discovery of pecking order among chickens by a Norwegian boy. Both animals and humans need a healthy balance between cooperation and competition to ensure evolutionarily efficient strategies. The biological machinery behind social ranking is discussed. There are two distinct mechanisms for navigating the social ladder: dominance and prestige. Dominance, an evolutionarily older strategy, is based on the ability to intimidate other members in the group by physical size and strength. The group members don’t accept dominance-based social rank freely, only by coercion. Members of a colony fight, and the winners of these fights will be accepted as “dominants” and the losers as “subordinates.” The naturally formed hierarchy serves as a way to prevent superfluous fighting and injuries within a colony. Prestige, as a strategy, is evolutionarily younger and is based on skills and knowledge as appraised by the community. Prestige hierarchies are maintained by the consent of the community, without pressure being applied by particular members. The mechanisms of forming and maintaining social hierarchies are described. Social structures, both hierarchies and network organizations, are reviewed. Discussion of these structures is carried over to social and political history and the tension between democracy and authoritarianism.

Employee attachment in the short and long run

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Riketta ◽  
Rolf Van Dick ◽  
Denise M. Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Work Relationships ◽  
Structure Identification ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Temporary Work ◽  
Organizational Status ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Information Status ◽  
The Social

Abstract. This article discusses the distinction between situated (i. e., temporary and limited) identification and deep-structure (i. e., enduring and multi-faceted) identification with organizations. Research in the social identity tradition suggests that managers can foster employees’ situated identification by emphasizing (a) organizational successes, (b) competition with other firms, (c) employees’ shared features, and (d) personal and organizational distinctiveness. Repeated exposure to these identity reinforcers can turn situated identification into deep-structure identification, especially when employees trust the organization and derive particularistic resources from it (e. g., recognition, information, status). This article concludes with the positive and negative consequences of deep-structure and situated identification for (a) the acceptance of organizational change, (b) reactions to threats to organizational status, and (c) temporary work relationships.

Increase in Aggression and in Strength of the Social Hierarchy among Juvenile Atlantic Salmon Deprived of Food

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2387-2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip E. K. Symons
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Equal Status ◽  
The Social

Aggressive behaviour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr, tested in groups of eight, was greater during 3 days of deprivation of food than during 3 days of feeding. Frontal and lateral displaying appeared to increase more than charging and nipping. Increased agression was only partly a result of increased locomotion, and therefore was partly a direct effect of hunger.Strong social hierarchies developed, larger fish nipping smaller ones more than the reverse. The correlation between size and hierarchical status was usually sufficient to account for the strength of hierarchy observed.Upon deprivation of food the dominant of any pair of socially unequal fish on the average increased its nipping of the subordinate. The nipping rate of dominants by subordinates did not change consistently; many low ranking fish decreased their nipping rate upon deprivation. These results would strengthen hierarchies during deprivation. Initiation of attacks by small fish, as opposed to nipping, increased consistently during deprivation.Nipping was more frequent between fish of equal status and size than between fish of unequal status or size. This could have accounted for the strength of hierarchies in groups in which the correlation between size and position was insufficient to do so.The increase in aggression upon food deprivation could function to increase the size of feeding territories when food is scarce. This and the strengthening of hierarchies would cause emigration of some fish from the area. Concentration of aggression between fish of equal size and status could permit parr of different ages to coexist.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document