scholarly journals Integrative modelling for One Health: pattern, process and participation

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1725) ◽  
pp. 20160164 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Scoones ◽  
K. Jones ◽  
G. Lo Iacono ◽  
D. W. Redding ◽  
A. Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
One Health ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Process Pattern ◽  
Lassa Fever Virus ◽  
To Come ◽  
Health Agenda ◽  
Modelling Approach

This paper argues for an integrative modelling approach for understanding zoonoses disease dynamics, combining process, pattern and participatory models. Each type of modelling provides important insights, but all are limited. Combining these in a ‘3P’ approach offers the opportunity for a productive conversation between modelling efforts, contributing to a ‘One Health’ agenda. The aim is not to come up with a composite model, but seek synergies between perspectives, encouraging cross-disciplinary interactions. We illustrate our argument with cases from Africa, and in particular from our work on Ebola virus and Lassa fever virus. Combining process-based compartmental models with macroecological data offers a spatial perspective on potential disease impacts. However, without insights from the ground, the ‘black box’ of transmission dynamics, so crucial to model assumptions, may not be fully understood. We show how participatory modelling and ethnographic research of Ebola and Lassa fever can reveal social roles, unsafe practices, mobility and movement and temporal changes in livelihoods. Together with longer-term dynamics of change in societies and ecologies, all can be important in explaining disease transmission, and provide important complementary insights to other modelling efforts. An integrative modelling approach therefore can offer help to improve disease control efforts and public health responses. This article is part of the themed issue ‘One Health for a changing world: zoonoses, ecosystems and human well-being’.

Viruses, Plagues, and History

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. A. Oldstone
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Lassa Fever Virus ◽  
Prophylactic Vaccines ◽  
The Times ◽  
Made In

“Viruses, Plagues, & History” focuses on the effects of viral diseases on human history. Written by an eminent internationally respected virologist, it couples the fabric of history with major concepts developed in virology, immunology, vaccination, and accounts by people who first had, saw and acted at the times these events occurred. Much of the preventive and therapeutic progress (vaccines, antiviral drugs) has been made in the last 60 years. Many of those who played commanding roles in the fight to understand, control and eradicate viruses and viral diseases are (were) personally known to the author and several episodes described in this book reflect their input. The book records the amazing accomplishments that led to the control of lethal and disabling viral diseases caused by Smallpox, Yellow Fever, Measles, Polio, Hepatitis A, B and C, and HIV. These six success stories are contrasted with viral infections currently out of control—COVID-19, Ebola virus, Lassa Fever virus, Hantavirus, West Nile virus, and Zika. Influenza, under reasonable containment at present, but with the potential to revert to a world-wide pandemic similar to 1918–1919 where over 50 million people were killed. The new platforms to develop inhibitory and prophylactic vaccines to limit these and other viral diseases is contrasted to the anti-vaccine movement and the false prophets of autism.

An Overview of Newly Emerging Viral Plagues: The Hemorrhagic Fevers and a Newly Mysterious Suspect of Viral Disease, Acute Flaccid Paralysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-214
Author(s):  
Michael B. A. Oldstone
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Pericardial Cavity ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Acute Flaccid Myelitis ◽  
Lassa Fever Virus ◽  
Serious Disease

This chapter highlights three of the recently identified viruses: Lassa fever virus, Ebola virus, and hantavirus. All three are equally lethal infectious agents, but they are members of different viral families. They share the ability to cause hemorrhagic fever. Once infected with any of these viruses, the victim soon suffers profuse breaks in small blood vessels, causing blood to ooze from the skin, mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and rectum. Internally, blood flows into the pleural cavity where the lungs are located, into the pericardial cavity surrounding the heart, into the abdomen, and into organs like the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, and lungs. Eventually, this uncontrolled bleeding causes unconsciousness and death. There is currently no established vaccine to prevent these potential plagues, although several are in various stages of development, and an Ebola vaccine is currently undergoing trial in Africa. The chapter also considers a newly emerging and undefined but serious disease of children, which arose primarily in 2014. Based on clinical observations, the disease is identified by the signs and symptoms of acute flaccid myelitis.

scholarly journals Structural drivers of vulnerability to zoonotic disease in Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1725) ◽  
pp. 20160169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vupenyu Dzingirai ◽  
Salome Bukachi ◽  
Melissa Leach ◽  
Lindiwe Mangwanya ◽  
Ian Scoones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
One Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Structural Drivers ◽  
Political Dimensions

This paper argues that addressing the underlying structural drivers of disease vulnerability is essential for a ‘One Health’ approach to tackling zoonotic diseases in Africa. Through three case studies—trypanosomiasis in Zimbabwe, Ebola and Lassa fever in Sierra Leone and Rift Valley fever in Kenya—we show how political interests, commercial investments and conflict and securitization all generate patterns of vulnerability, reshaping the political ecology of disease landscapes, influencing traditional coping mechanisms and affecting health service provision and outbreak responses. A historical, political economy approach reveals patterns of ‘structural violence’ that reinforce inequalities and marginalization of certain groups, increasing disease risks. Addressing the politics of One Health requires analysing trade-offs and conflicts between interests and visions of the future. For all zoonotic diseases economic and political dimensions are ultimately critical and One Health approaches must engage with these factors, and not just end with an ‘anti-political’ focus on institutional and disciplinary collaboration. This article is part of the themed issue ‘One Health for a changing world: zoonoses, ecosystems and human well-being’.

scholarly journals GILT restricts the cellular entry mediated by the envelope glycoproteins of SARS-CoV, Ebola virus and Lassa fever virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1511-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danying Chen ◽  
Zhifei Hou ◽  
Dong Jiang ◽  
Mei Zheng ◽  
Guoli Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Envelope Glycoproteins ◽  
Lassa Fever Virus ◽  
Cellular Entry

scholarly journals Views from many worlds: unsettling categories in interdisciplinary research on endemic zoonotic diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1725) ◽  
pp. 20160170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley MacGregor ◽  
Linda Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
One Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Many Worlds ◽  
Human Animal

Interdisciplinary research on zoonotic disease has tended to focus on ‘risk’ of disease transmission as a conceptual common denominator. With reference to endemic zoonoses at the livestock–human interface, we argue for considering a broader sweep of disciplinary insights from anthropology and other social sciences in interdisciplinary dialogue, in particular cross-cultural perspectives on human–animal engagement. We consider diverse worldviews where human–animal encounters are perceived of in terms of the kinds of social relations they generate, and the notion of culture is extended to the ‘natural’ world. This has implications for how animals are valued, treated and prioritized. Thinking differently with and about animals and about species' boundaries could enable ways of addressing zoonotic diseases which have closer integration with people's own cultural norms. If we can bring this kind of knowledge into One Health debates, we find ourselves with a multiplicity of worldviews, where bounded categories such as human:animal and nature:culture cannot be assumed. This might in turn influence our scientific ways of seeing our own disciplinary cultures, and generate novel ways of understanding zoonoses and constructing solutions. This article is part of the themed issue ‘One Health for a changing world: zoonoses, ecosystems and human well-being’.

scholarly journals Shadowlands and dark corners

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Almudena Marí Sáez ◽  
Ann H. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research Project ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
And Control

Viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) persist in darkness. The pathogenicity of viruses like Lassa, Marburg, and Ebola is partly explained by their ability to survive on surfaces outside their infected hosts, provided they are not exposed to heat, disinfecting chemicals, or ultraviolet light. Taking these basic virological insights as our starting point, we seek to elaborate ethnographically the links between disease transmission and gradations of luminosity. An interdisciplinary research project into the control of Lassa fever in West Africa provided the empirical prompt for this article, which we then extended through our experience working in the region during the 2014–2016 Ebola virus outbreak. The spectral dimensions of zoonotic exchange and the apprehensions they engender help us come to grips with the complex interface of viral biology and human-animal sociality, and, we suggest, add nuance to global health framings of disease transmission and control.

Spatial-temporal transmission dynamics and control of infectious diseases: Ebola virus disease (EVD) as a case study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Viboud ◽  
Hélène Broutin ◽  
Gerardo Chowell
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Dynamics And Control

Disentangling the spatial-temporal dynamics of infectious disease transmission is important to address issues of disease persistence, epidemic growth and optimal control. In this chapter, we review key concepts relating to the spatial-temporal dynamics of infectious diseases in meta-populations, whereby geographically separate subpopulations are connected by migration or mobility rates. We review the dynamics of colonization, persistence and extinction of emerging and recurrent pathogens in meta-populations; the role of demographic and environmental factors; and geographic heterogeneity in epidemic growth rate. We illustrate theoretical concepts by reviewing the spatial dynamics of childhood diseases and other acute infections in low- and middle-income countries, and provide a detailed description of the spatial-temporal dynamics of the 2014–16 Ebola epidemic in West Africa. We further discuss how increased availability of empirical data and recent methodological developments provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of transmission processes in space and time, and make recommendations for future work.

scholarly journals How has Covid‐19 changed our views of the One Health agenda?

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (9) ◽  
pp. 361-361
Author(s):  
Michael James Francis
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Agenda

scholarly journals A socio-economic approach to One Health policy research in southern Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim A. Kayunze ◽  
Angwara D. Kiwara ◽  
Eligius Lyamuya ◽  
Dominic M. Kambarage ◽  
Jonathan Rushton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Emerging Zoonoses

One-health approaches have started being applied to health systems in some countries in controlling infectious diseases in order to reduce the burden of disease in humans, livestock and wild animals collaboratively. However, one wonders whether the problem of lingering and emerging zoonoses is more affected by health policies, low application of one-health approaches, or other factors. As part of efforts to answer this question, the Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance (SACIDS) smart partnership of human health, animal health and socio-economic experts published, in April 2011, a conceptual framework to support One Health research for policy on emerging zoonoses. The main objective of this paper was to identify which factors really affect the burden of disease and how the burden could affect socio-economic well-being. Amongst other issues, the review of literature shows that the occurrence of infectious diseases in humans and animals is driven by many factors, the most important ones being the causative agents (viruses, bacteria, parasites, etc.) and the mediator conditions (social, cultural, economic or climatic) which facilitate the infection to occur and hold. Literature also shows that in many countries there is little collaboration between medical and veterinary services despite the shared underlying science and the increasing infectious disease threat. In view of these findings, a research to inform health policy must walk on two legs: a natural sciences leg and a social sciences one.

scholarly journals Thalime: A mobile app designed just for patients and their families

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatley Forrest McMicking
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Health Resource ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Virtual Coaching ◽  
Health Tracking ◽  
Peer Community ◽  
Visual Health

Introducing the first mobile app designed specifically for the Thalassemia community; Thalime, your personalized private community. Thalime is a free app that connects patients and caregivers of Thalassemia to others who know what you’re going through. Learn about your condition from a trusted source. Improve your well-being with health-tracking tools. Get support from others just like you. With personalized disease management tools designed to make life easier every day, Thalime is your all-in-one health resource that empowers you to be in control of your health. Build your private peer community to learn, share and receive support. Follow programs and set goals with our personalized recommendations and virtual coaching. Track your progress with our visual health tracker for blood transfusions and medication tracker. Additional health tracker tools allow you to monitor and share your mood, energy, pain and more.

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