scholarly journals Spatial variation in species' roles in host–helminth networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1837) ◽  
pp. 20200361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tad A. Dallas ◽  
Pedro Jordano
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Helminth Parasite ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Species Roles

Species interactions may vary considerably across space as a result of spatial and environmental gradients. With respect to host–parasite interactions, this suggests that host and parasite species may play different functional roles across the different networks they occur in. Using a global occurrence database of helminth parasites, we examine the conservation of species' roles using data on host–helminth interactions from 299 geopolitical locations. Defining species' roles in a two-dimensional space which captures the tendency of species to be more densely linked within species subgroups than between subgroups, we quantified species' roles in two ways, which captured if and which species' roles are conserved by treating species' utilization of this two-dimensional space as continuous, while also classifying species into categorical roles. Both approaches failed to detect the conservation of species' roles for a single species out of over 38 000 host and helminth parasite species. Together, our findings suggest that species' roles in host–helminth networks may not be conserved, pointing to the potential role of spatial and environmental gradients, as well as the importance of the context of the local host and helminth parasite community. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe’.

scholarly journals Interannual variation in the metazoan parasite communities of bigeye trevally Caranx sexfasciatus (Pisces, Carangidae)

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Violante-González ◽  
Scott Monks ◽  
Yesenia Gallegos-Navarro ◽  
Nataly G. Santos-Bustos ◽  
Princessa J. Villalba-Vasquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Local Fluctuations ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Abiotic Environmental Factors

Parasite communities in Caranx sexfasciatus were characterized and analyzed to determine any interannual variations in structure and/or species composition. In total, 422 C. sexfasciatus were collected from Acapulco Bay, Mexico, between May 2016 and March 2019. Thirty-two taxa of metazoan parasites were identified: five Monogenea, thirteen Digenea, one Acanthocephala, one Cestoda, three Nematoda, seven Copepoda, and two Isopoda. Monogeneans were the most frequent and abundant parasite species in all sampling years. Parasite species richness at the component community level varied significantly from 8 (May 2016) to 25 (March 2019) and was similar to previous reports for other species of Carangidae. The component communities and infracommunities in C. sexfasciatus were characterized by low parasite species numbers, low diversity, and dominance of a single species (the monogenean Neomicrocotyle pacifica). Parasite community structure and species composition varied between sampling years and climatic seasons. Seasonal or local fluctuations in some biotic and abiotic environmental factors probably explain these variations.

Intestinal helminth parasites in flounderPlatichthys flesusfrom the River Thames: an infracommunity analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Guillen-Hernandez ◽  
P.J. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Marine Influence ◽  
River Thames

AbstractAn analysis was undertaken of intestinal helminth communities in flounderPlatichthys flesusfrom two sites on the River Thames. A comparison was made between helminth community richness and diversity from these sites at the component and infracommunity levels. At the component community level, a richer and more diverse parasite community was found in flounder from the Tilbury location (marine influence) than that from the Lots Road location (freshwater influence). At the infracommunity level, more parasite species and parasite individuals per host were found at Lots Road and the percentage of similarity values were low at both locations. Helminth species with high prevalence values in the parasite communities of the flounder are the dominant species in any individual fish, harbouring multi-specific infections. The presence of more invertebrate species, which are intermediate hosts in the helminth life cycle in the Thames, fish vagility and the high prevalence and abundance values ofPomphorhynchus laevisin the flounder, may explain the differences between the two locations.

Cosmocerca acanthurum n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Pseudoeurycea leprosa and Chiropterotriton orculus from the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Central Mexico, with a checklist of the helminth parasites of plethodontid salamanders

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1434 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. FALCÓN-ORDAZ ◽  
J. C. WINDFIELD-PÉREZ ◽  
B. MENDOZA-GARFIAS ◽  
G. PARRA-OLEA ◽  
G. PÉREZ-PONCE DE LEÓN
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Helminth Parasite ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Plethodontid Salamanders ◽  
Host Parasite

Plethodontid salamanders represent a group of amphibians that show a great evolutionary diversification in México, however no study of their helminth parasites had been conducted thus far. In this paper, we describe Cosmocerca acanthurum n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) from the intestine of the plethodontid salamanders Pseudoeurycea leprosa and Chiropterotriton orculus from Llano Grande and Texcalyacac, Estado de México, in Central México. Cosmocerca acanthurum n. sp. is easily distinguished from all other species of Cosmocerca in that females possess a uniquely spined tail, a character no seen in congeners. In addition, we compiled all the information of helminth parasites of plethodontid salamanders, and we present it in the form of a checklist of both parasite-host, and host-parasite. A brief analysis of the helminth parasite species composition is presented regarding life-history and development characteristics of plethodontids.

Richness and diversity of parasite communities in European eels Anguilla anguilla of the River Rhine, Germany, with special reference to helminth parasites

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. SURES ◽  
K. KNOPF ◽  
J. WÜRTZ ◽  
J. HIRT
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Single Species ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Acanthocephalus Lucii ◽  
High Dominance ◽  
First Time

A total of 121 European eels (Anguilla anguilla) from 2 sampling sites on the River Rhine were investigated in respect of their parasite communities. Special attention was given to the swim bladders, intestines, gills and fins of the fish. Twelve different parasite species were found to live in and on the eels. Data from each sampling site were kept separate. Parasites found in descending order of prevalence were: Anguillicola crassus, Trypanosoma granulosum, Myxobolus sp., Paratenuisentis ambiguus, Pseudodactylogyrus sp., Bothriocephalus claviceps, Myxidium giardi, Pomphorhynchus laevis, Trichodina sp., Raphidascaris acus, Acanthocephalus lucii and Acanthocephalus anguillae. Significantly different prevalences were reported for L3 larvae of A. crassus, adult P. ambiguus, B. claviceps and Myxobolus sp. at the 2 sampling sites. The highest number of parasite species was recorded from the intestine, which contained up to 6 different helminths. The coexistence of the acanthocephalans P. laevis and P. ambiguus, which showed clear patterns of distribution within the intestine of the respective hosts, was reported for the first time. Up to 3 different helminth species were found in the intestine of individual fish. Among those, acanthocephalans were the most prevalent worms with the eel-specific parasite P. ambiguus as the dominant species not only of the intestinal but also of the total component communities. Both infra and component communities exhibited low diversity and were dominated by this single species. The evenness reached only approximately 50% or less and it remained unclear why the helminth communities of the eels from the River Rhine with its huge catchment area exhibit such a low parasite diversity and high dominance.

scholarly journals Checklist of helminth parasites in wild carnivore mammals from Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1721 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABIANO M. VIEIRA ◽  
JOSÉ L. LUQUE ◽  
LUIS C. MUNIZ-PEREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Helminth Parasite ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
New Host ◽  
Wild Carnivore ◽  
Host Parasite

Ninety-five helminth parasite species totaling 480 records (including 60 new host and geographical records) in 21 species of wild carnivore mammals from Brazil were listed. Nineteen undetermined helminth species and 4 undetermined host species were also included. Information about the site of infection of parasites, localities, references and a host-parasite list were included herein.

The communities of helminth parasites ofHeterandria bimaculata(Teleostei: Poeciliidae) from the upper Río La Antigua basin, east-central Mexico show a predictable structure

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
pp. 970-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUILLERMO SALGADO-MALDONADO ◽  
MARÍA TERESA NOVELO-TURCOTTE ◽  
GABRIELA VAZQUEZ ◽  
JUAN MANUEL CASPETA-MANDUJANO ◽  
BENJAMÍN QUIROZ-MARTÍNEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Dispersion Process ◽  
East Central ◽  
Metapopulation Theory ◽  
Community Variability

SUMMARYWe investigated a basic generalization in parasite community ecology stating that stochastic processes played a major part in determining the composition of helminth communities of freshwater fish, or on the contrary, if these communities are predictable, diverse and structured species assemblages. We determined the species pool of helminth parasites of a tropical freshwater fishHeterandria bimaculatain its heartland, the upper Río La Antigua basin in east-central Mexico. Approaching our data from the metapopulation standpoint we studied the spatial patterns, and examined the variation in composition and richness of the component communities across different locations. We tested the prediction that helminth species may be recognized as common or rare; and also two hypotheses anticipating depauperate communities and decay of similarity between component communities with increasing distance. We found these communities composed by a highly structured and predictable set of specialist autogenic helminth species that are constant and abundant, dominating all components throughout space. The prediction that it is possible to recognize common and rare species was met. Richer than expected communities were found, as well as highly homogeneous component communities, where neighbouring components were more similar than distant ones. We speculated that the processes shaping the development of these component communities include stable, predictable habitats through time, allowing for a slow gradual dispersion process limited by host and parasite species capabilities. Our study suggests that metapopulation theory can assist in the prediction of community composition and in the understanding of spatial and temporal community variability.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites of Chicken under Different Management System in Mekelle Town, Tigray Region, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mebrahtu Berhe ◽  
Berhanu Mekibib ◽  
Abrha Bsrat ◽  
Gebretsadik Atsbaha
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Production System ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Helminth Parasite ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth

The poultry industry is an infant but fast growing sector in Ethiopia. However, it is largely dependent on local chicken managed under backyard production system. The sector is facing different challenges, mainly emanated from prevalence of infectious diseases such as helminth parasite species. Hence, this study came up with an aim to determine the infection rate and identify helminth parasite species in chickens managed under different production systems, in Mekelle, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was employed, from November 2015 to March 2016. Postmortem (N=138) and fecal (N=410) samples of chicken were considered for necropsy and coproscopic examination to see both adult and eggs of helminth parasites, respectively. Similar gastrointestinal helminth parasites infection rate of chicken was obtained from both examination approaches (necropsy, 90.60%; and coproscopy, 90.97%). The study attested high prevalence (87.7%) of mixed infection with helminth parasites of chicken. Heterakis gallinarum (72.5%) and Ascaridia galli (68.8%) were found as the most dominant species (necropsy). During coproscopic examination cestode (89%) infections showed a relatively higher prevalence than nematodes (84.4%), although no difference was observed during that of necropsy examination results. Chickens of local breed from backyard production system had shown more likelihood of getting helminth infection when compared with their corresponding relatives (coproscopy). However, the variation was not statistically significant during that of necropsy finding. Therefore, the higher prevalence of parasitism and mixed infection observed in the study area would warrant for an urgent intervention with regular deworming scheme, and strict attention should be given towards hygienic measures and other health related management activities.

Intestinal Helminth Parasites of Northern Sand Lance (Ammodytes dubius)

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-292
Author(s):  
J. S. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Helminth Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Sand Lance ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
European Counterpart

Six species of helminth parasite were found on examination of intestines of 438 specimens of northern sand lance (Ammodytes dubius) from various areas of the Nova Scotia Banks. They were: Derogenes varicus, Brachyphallus crenatus, Lecithaster gibbosus, Bothriocephalus scorpii, Contracaecum aduncum, and a cestode (tetraphyllid) larva. Intensity of infestation was low and incidence low to moderate, with little difference between areas. Parasite species composition in A. dubius was similar to that of A. marinus, its European counterpart, but unlike that of A. americanus, the neighboring species to A. dubius in the northwest Atlantic.

The population dynamics of parasitic helminth communities

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 109 (S1) ◽  
pp. S97-S108 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dobson ◽  
M. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Wood Mice

SUMMARYThis paper describes a mathematical model which allows us to compare the data collected from short-term cross-sectional surveys with the population dynamics of host and parasite populations over longer periods of time. The model extends an earlier framework for two parasite species in one host, to one for an arbitrary number of parasite species. We show that the conditions necessary for the coexistence of two parasite species extend to expressions for the coexistence of three or more parasite species. Furthermore, the model suggests that those species which form the ‘core’ of the parasite community are those whose high fecundity and transmission efficiency permit them to colonize hosts readily. In contrast, those species which are classified as ‘satellite’ species of the community are either species with low fecundity, or low transmission efficiencies. This work confirms earlier studies that suggest that increasing degrees of aggregation are crucial in allowing several species of parasites to coexist in the same species of hosts.The properties of the model are compared with patterns observed in data collected for helminth parasites of Anolis lizards, wood mice and eels. This combined theoretical and empirical approach confirms the importance of the life history strategies of the parasite in determining the abundance of each species in the community. It suggests that studies of parasite community structure have to pay more attention to the strategies pursued by each individual species before interactions between species are considered.

Metazoan parasite community structure in brown trout from two lakes in western Ireland

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Molloy ◽  
C. Holland ◽  
R. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Metazoan Parasite ◽  
Western Ireland

AbstractA total of 549 brown trout were caught from two lakes, Lough Feeagh and Bunaveela Lake, in the Burrishoole system, Co. Mayo, Ireland. Seven species of metazoan parasite were detected but only four species occurred in ≥10% of the sample. The parasite community of the trout was dominated by a single species, Pomphorhynchus laevis, with a prevalence of 58%. Only one allogenic helminth species was recorded from the trout, Diphyllobothriurn ditremum, with the community mainly comprising autogenic species. Few differences were found between the two lakes, although the larger lake, Lough Feeagh, did contain some trout which harboured more parasite species and had, on average, fish with higher numbers of individual parasites. Measures of species richness and diversity were very low, indicating an impoverished helminth community with little potential for interspecific interactions. Host age was found to significantly influence these indices of infracommunity structure.

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