scholarly journals X. An account of operations carried on for ascertaining the difference of level between the River Thames at London Bridge and the sea; and also for determining the height above the level of the sea, &c. of intermediate points passed over between Sheerness and London Bridge

1831 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 167-197 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The Mean ◽  
River Thames ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Receive

In February 1830, at the suggestion of the Royal Society, I had the honour to receive directions from the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to make such observations as I might consider necessary, to ascertain the difference, if any, between the level of the waters at certain points on the river Thames, and the mean level of the sea near Sheerness, as well as the height of different intermediate points above the sea, such as Gravesend, Greenwich Observatory, &c. Having found, while employed in the Isthmus of Darien, how inadequate the present levelling instruments were to obtain very accurate results, and being desirous of conducting the interesting observations, I now had orders to make, with the most scrupulous exactness, I thought it necessary, in the first instance, to bestow some attention to the improvement of the instruments required to be used, endeavouring to combine superior steadiness and motion in azimuth, more delicacy in the level itself, more permanency in its position, and greater power in the telescope.

An account of operations carried on for ascertaining the difference of level between the river Thames at London bridge and the sea: and also for determining the height above the level of the sea, &c. of intermediate points passed over between sheerness and London bridge

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 30-32
Keyword(s):  
General Position ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
The Mean ◽  
River Thames ◽  
The Difference

The reading of Mr. Lloyd’s Paper was resumed and concluded. The author of this paper received directions from the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, in February 1830, at the suggestion of the Royal Society, to survey the river Thames, with a view of ascertaining the difference of level between certain parts of it and the mean level of the sea near Sheerness. Having had experience, while employed in a survey of the Isthmus of Darien, of the great imperfections in the levelling instruments hitherto used, he bestowed great pains in improving the construction of those employed in the present survey; endeavouring to combine the properties of great steadiness and accuracy of motions in azimuth, with increased deli­cacy in the level, and permanence in the general position of the whole apparatus; and also to increase the power of the telescope. The author then enters into a full description of the improved in­struments which he employed, accompanied by drawings.

Ototoxicity of Topical Ciprofloxacin/Dexamethasone otic Suspension in a Chinchilla Animal Model

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 840-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam J. Daniel ◽  
Raymundo Munguia
Keyword(s):  
Tube Insertion ◽  
Auditory Brain Stem Response ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Auditory Brain Stem ◽  
Ventilation Tubes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Contralateral Ear ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
To Receive

Objective To determine the ototoxic potential of ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone eardrops. Methods Ventilation tubes were inserted in the ears of 15 chinchillas. One ear was randomized to receive four drops of ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone. A control solution (0.45% NaCl) was applied in the contralateral ear. The eardrops were delivered twice daily for 7 consecutive days. Auditory brain stem response (ABR) measurements were recorded at baseline (post-tympanostomy tube insertion), and on days 4, 8, 15, 22, and 60. Results An initial transient increase of 8.11 dB nHL was noted in the mean thresholds of the experimental ears at day 4. On the last ABR evaluation (day 60), the mean thresholds were 16.33 ± 6.93 dB nHL in the experimental ears and 13.66 ± 6.65 dB nHL in the control ears. The difference in the mean thresholds between the experimental and control ears at day 60 was not significant (95% confidence interval, 3.12, –8.02). Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated normal morphology in all experimental ears that were assessed. Conclusion Ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone eardrops did not appear ototoxic when used in chinchillas post-ventilation tube insertion.

XVI. A table of the mean declination of the magnet in each decade from January 1858 to December 1863, derived from the observations made at the Magnetic Observatory at Lisbon; showing the annual variation, or semiannual inequality to which that element is subject. Drawn up by the superintendent of the Lisbon observatory, Senhor da Silveira, and communicated by Major-General Sabine, R. A., President of the Royal Society

1864 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 347-349
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Secular Change ◽  
Magnetic Observatory ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The West ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

I have much pleasure in communicating to the Fellows of the Royal Society a copy of a Table which I have received from the Superintendent of the Magnetic Observatory at Lisbon, containing the mean values of the Decimation in each Decade from the commencement of 1858 to the close of 1863, with corrections applied for the mean secular change, and showing, in a final column, the difference in each decade of the observed from the mean annual value derived from the 216 decades. This Table is a counter-part of Table VII. in Art. XII. of the Philosophical Transactions for 1863, p. 292, differing only in the substitution in the Lisbon Table of decades for weeks, and the addition of the year 1863. This general confirmation by the Lisbon Observatory of the annual variation to which the Declination is subject, “the north end of the magnet pointing more towards the East when the sun is north of the Equator, and more towards the West when the sun is south of the Equator,” is very satisfactory. In the Lisbon Table the disturbances have not been eliminated.

scholarly journals Experiments to determine the difference the number of vibrations made by an invariable pendulum in the royal observatory at Greenwich, and in the house in London in which Captain Kater’s experiments were made

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 360-360
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Times ◽  
Theory And Experiment ◽  
Made In

The experiments of which an account is given in this paper, were made in compliance with a request of the Council of the Royal Society, made in December 1827, that Captain Sabine would ascertain the difference in the number of vibrations of a pendulum at Mr. Browne’s house, and at the Greenwich Observatory. The author gives a description of the instruments used in the observations; the first series of which were made in Mr. Browne’s house, from the 17th to the 20th of March inclusive, and gave as the mean result, 85963·60 vibrations in a mean solar day. A reduction is here introduced, derived from some experiments made on the difference which takes place in the times of vibration in vacuo and in air; the number of vibrations in the former case being, under the same circumstances as in the observations, 9·97 per diem less than in the latter. A corresponding series made at Greenwich in May, gave as the mean 85964·17 vibrations, thus indicating an acceleration of 0·57 vibrations per diem , but the difference of latitude and of height between the two stations would have led us from theory to expect a total retardation of 0·38 vibration in the same time. From a second set of observations at Greenwich, the diurnal acceleration appeared to be 0·52 vibration. Taking the mean of this and the former result, it appears that the total amount of the discordance between theory and experiment is 0·91 vibration per diem . The stations are conveniently situated for verifying the existence of this anomaly, and its magnitude is such as to preclude all uncertainty as to its existence. With regard to its cause, the author is confirmed in the opinions he formerly entertained on this subject. Tables are subjoined, containing accounts of the rate of the clocks used at both stations, and of the particulars of each series of observations.

The Effect of Vocabulary Intervention on Text Comprehension: Who Benefits?

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawna Duff
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Text Comprehension ◽  
Classroom Instruction ◽  
Vocabulary Instruction ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Vocabulary Intervention ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Purpose Vocabulary intervention can improve comprehension of texts containing taught words, but it is unclear if all middle school readers get this benefit. This study tests 2 hypotheses about variables that predict response to vocabulary treatment on text comprehension: gains in vocabulary knowledge due to treatment and pretreatment reading comprehension scores. Method Students in Grade 6 ( N = 23) completed a 5-session intervention based on robust vocabulary instruction (RVI). Knowledge of the semantics of taught words was measured pre- and posttreatment. Participants then read 2 matched texts, 1 containing taught words (treated) and 1 not (untreated). Treated texts and taught word lists were counterbalanced across participants. The difference between text comprehension scores in treated and untreated conditions was taken as a measure of the effect of RVI on text comprehension. Results RVI resulted in significant gains in knowledge of taught words ( d RM = 2.26) and text comprehension ( d RM = 0.31). The extent of gains in vocabulary knowledge after vocabulary treatment did not predict the effect of RVI on comprehension of texts. However, untreated reading comprehension scores moderated the effect of the vocabulary treatment on text comprehension: Lower reading comprehension was associated with greater gains in text comprehension. Readers with comprehension scores below the mean experienced large gains in comprehension, but those with average/above average reading comprehension scores did not. Conclusion Vocabulary instruction had a larger effect on text comprehension for readers in Grade 6 who had lower untreated reading comprehension scores. In contrast, the amount that children learned about taught vocabulary did not predict the effect of vocabulary instruction on text comprehension. This has implications for the identification of 6th-grade students who would benefit from classroom instruction or clinical intervention targeting vocabulary knowledge.

The Effects of a Caffeine Placebo and Experimenter Expectation on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Walach ◽  
Stefan Schmidt ◽  
Yvonne-Michelle Bihr ◽  
Susanne Wiesch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Being There ◽  
To Receive

We studied the effect of experimenter expectations and different instructions in a balanced placebo design. 157 subjects were randomized into a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two experimenters were led to expect placebos either to produce physiological effects or not (pro- vs. antiplacebo). All subjects except a control group received a caffeine placebo. They were either made to expect coffee, no coffee, or were in a double-blind condition. Dependent measures were blood pressure, heart rate, well-being, and a cognitive task. There was one main effect on the instruction factor (p = 0.03) with the group “told no caffeine” reporting significantly better well-being. There was one main effect on the experimenter factor with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” having higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.008). There was one interaction with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” to receive coffee doing worse in the cognitive task than the rest. Subjects instructed by experimenter “antiplacebo” were significantly less likely to believe the experimental instruction, and that mostly if they had been instructed to receive coffee. Contrary to the literature we could not show an effect of instruction, but there was an effect of experimenters. It is likely, however, that these experimenter effects were not due to experimental manipulations, but to the difference in personalities.

The Antiaggressive Action of Combined Haloperidol-Propranolol Treatment in Schizophrenia

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gadi Maoz ◽  
Daniel Stein ◽  
Sorin Meged ◽  
Larisa Kurzman ◽  
Joseph Levine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Propranolol Group ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Propranolol Treatment ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Haloperidol Treatment ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Drug Free

Psychopharmacological interventions for managing aggression in schizophrenia have thus far yielded inconsistent results. This study evaluates the antiaggressive efficacy of combined haloperidol-propranolol treatment. Thirty-four newly admitted schizophrenic patients were studied in a controlled double-blind trial. Following a 3-day drug-free period and 7 days of haloperidol treatment, patients were randomly assigned to receive either haloperidol-propranolol or haloperidol-placebo for eight consecutive weeks. Doses of medications were adjusted as necessary; biperiden was administered if required. Rating scales were applied to assess aggression, anger, psychosis, depression, anxiety and extrapyramidal symptoms. The mean daily dose of haloperidol was 21 mg (SD = 6.4) in the research group and 29 mg (SD = 6.9) in the controls. Mean and maximal daily doses of propranolol were 159 mg (SD = 61) and 192 mg (SD = 83), and of placebo, 145 mg (SD = 50) and 180 mg (SD = 70), respectively. Compared with the controls, the scores for the research patients decreased significantly from baseline, particularly after 4 weeks of treatment, for some dimensions of anger, psychosis, anxiety, and neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. A tendency for reduced aggression was shown in the combined haloperidol-propranolol group for some dimensions but not others. These patients also required significantly less biperiden. The tendency toward elevated antiaggressive effect of combined haloperidol-propranolol treatment compared to haloperidol alone may be explained by a simultaneous decrease in aggression, psychotic symptomatology, and anxiety.

DMSA-scintigraphy in paediatrics: Is the evaluation of the geometric mean necessary for the calculation of the differential renal function?

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Roßmüller ◽  
S. Alalp ◽  
S. Fischer ◽  
S. Dresel ◽  
K. Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Posterior View ◽  
Renal Abnormality ◽  
Anterior View ◽  
Differential Renal Function ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive

SummaryFor assessment of differential renal function (PF) by means of static renal scintigraphy with Tc-99m-dimer-captosuccinic acid (DMSA) the calculation of the geometric mean of counts from the anterior and posterior view is recommended. Aim of this retrospective study was to find out, if the anterior view is necessary to receive an accurate differential renal function by calculating the geometric mean compared to calculating PF using the counts of the posterior view only. Methods: 164 DMSA-scans of 151 children (86 f, 65 m) aged 16 d to 16 a (4.7 ± 3.9 a) were reviewed. The scans were performed using a dual head gamma camera (Picker Prism 2000 XP, low energy ultra high resolution collimator, matrix 256 x 256,300 kcts/view, Zoom: 1.6-2.0). Background corrected values from both kidneys anterior and posterior were obtained. Using region of interest technique PF was calculated using the counts of the dorsal view and compared with the calculated geometric mean [SQR(Ctsdors x Ctsventr]. Results: The differential function of the right kidney was significantly less when compared to the calculation of the geometric mean (p<0.01). The mean difference between the PFgeom and the PFdors was 1.5 ± 1.4%. A difference > 5% (5.0-9.5%) was obtained in only 6/164 scans (3.7%). Three of 6 patients presented with an underestimated PFdors due to dystopic kidneys on the left side in 2 patients and on the right side in one patient. The other 3 patients with a difference >5% did not show any renal abnormality. Conclusion: The calculation of the PF from the posterior view only will give an underestimated value of the right kidney compared to the calculation of the geometric mean. This effect is not relevant for the calculation of the differntial renal function in orthotopic kidneys, so that in these cases the anterior view is not necesssary. However, geometric mean calculation to obtain reliable values for differential renal function should be applied in cases with an obvious anatomical abnormality.

Efficacy and Safety of Oral Ivermectin and Topical Permethrin in the Treatment of Scabies

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Mohsena Akhter ◽  
Ishrat Bhuiyan ◽  
Zulfiqer Hossain Khan ◽  
Mahfuza Akhter ◽  
Gulam Kazem Ali Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Background: Scabies is one of the most common skin diseases in our country. It is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis, which is an ecto-parasite infesting the epidermis. Scabies is highly contagious. Prevalence is high in congested or densely populated areas. Individuals with close contact with an affected person should be treated with scabicidal which is available in both oral and topical formulations. The only oral but highly effective scabicidal known to date is Ivermectin. Amongst topical preparations, Permethrin 5 % cream is the treatment of choice. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy & safety of oral Ivermectin compared to topical Permethrin in the treatment of scabies. Methodology: This prospective, non-randomized study was conducted at the out-patient department of Dermatology and Venereology of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital over a period of 6 months, from August 2016 to January 2017. The study population consisted of one hundred patients having scabies, enrolled according to inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups. group A was subjected to oral Ivermectin and the group B to Permethrin 5% cream. Patients were followed up on day 7 and 14 for assessment of efficacy and safety. Result: The mean scoring with SD in group A (Ivermectin) and group B (Permethrin) were 8.26 ± 2.22 and 7.59 ± 2.01 respectively at the time of observation. The difference between the mean score of the two group is not significant (p=0.117) the mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 4.54 ± 2.05 and 1.64 ± 1.84 respectively at 7thdays. The difference between the mean score of the two group is significant (p<0.001). The mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 2.68± 2.35 and .36± 1.10 respectively at 14th day difference between the mean score of the group is significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Topical application of permethrin 5% cream is more effective and safer than oral Ivermectin in the treatment of scabies. TAJ 2020; 33(1): 41-47

EFFECTS OF SYNTHETIC LH/FSH-RELEASING HORMONE (LRH) ON PLASMA LH AND FSH IN AMENORRHOEIC WOMEN

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rannevik ◽  
J. Thorell
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Serial Measurements

ABSTRACT Eight amenorrhoeic women were given 100 μg synthetic LRH (Hoechst) iv and im, respectively, at an interval of 2 weeks. Four of the women received the iv injection first and four the im injection. The urinary excretion of oestrogens and pregnanediol was low and unaltered throughout the test weeks. The effects of LRH were compared by serial measurements of the plasma LH and FSH during 8 h. The initial response of LH for up to 25 min and that of FSH for up to 60 min were equal whether LRH was given iv or im. The difference appeared later. Four hours after the injection the mean increase of LH to iv injection was 0.5 ng/ml (N. S.), while that to im injection was 1.9 ng/ml (P < 0.01). The corresponding values for FSH were 1.3 (P < 0.05) and 3.2 (P < 0.001). The effect of LRH administration im was thus found to be larger and more prolonged.

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