scholarly journals V. On the chemical analysis of the contents of the thoracic duct the human sub­ject

1842 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
The Body ◽  
Old Bailey ◽  
The Subject

The contents of the thoracic duct in the human subject having never been obtained in sufficient quantity for the purposes of chemical analysis, I resolved to avail myself of an opportunity which lately presented itself in the execution of a criminal at the Old Bailey. Through the kindness of Messrs. Macmurdo and Holding, the medical officers of Newgate, and with the assistance of my friends Mr. Hilton and Mr. Samuel Lane, I was enabled to commence operating upon the body one hour and a quarter after death, and before it had become cold, although the thermometer stood considerably below 32° Fahr., and the body had been exposed on the scaffold during one hour. The subject was muscular and of the middle height, and the prisoner had not become emaciated during his confinement in jail. On the evening preceding his execution, he had partaken of some supper, consisting of about 2 oz. of bread and 4 oz. of meat; and the next morning, he drank two cups of tea, and ate a piece of toast made from the quarter of a round of a quartern loaf, and about a quarter of an inch in thick­ness. This breakfast was taken at seven o’clock A. M., one hour before death. He swallowed a glass of wine just before mounting the scaffold.

On the chemical analysis of the contents of the thoracic duct in the human subject

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 372-373
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Fatty Matter ◽  
White Colour ◽  
Alkaline Carbonate

The author, availing himself of a favourable opportunity which presented itself of examining the contents of the thoracic duct in a human subject, procured an hour and a quarter after death by hanging, to the amount of six fluid drachms, obtained by analysis the following result:— Water, per cent.............................................. 90·48 Albumen, with traces of fibrinous matter ...... 7·08 Aqueous extractive, or Zomodine............... 2·56 Alcoholic extractive, or Osmazome ........... 0·52 Alkaline chloride, carbonate and sulphate, with traces of phosphate, and oxide of iron ............................................................... 0·44 Fatty matters ................................................ 0·92 ____ 100· The fatty matters possessed the same general characters as those of the blood, except that they did not contain phosphorus, as appeared from their yielding an alkaline, instead of an acid ash by incineration. The aqueous extractive differed from that of the blood by giving a ferruginous ash. The salts obtained by incineration from the alcoholic extractive yielded a larger proportion of alkaline carbonate than those of the blood. The author is confirmed, by the experiments he made on the present occasion, in his former views concerning the cause of the white colour of the chyle, which he ascribes to the presence of opake white salivary matter as one of its constituents. The author then gives the results of his microscopical examination of the globules of the chyle, which he finds differ totally from those of the blood. He points out as being remarkable the large quantity of fatty matter existing in the chyle, and constituting an hydrocarbonaceous ingredient, which is constantly being added to the mass of blood, and is very rapidly consumed; as appears from the small quantity of this matter discoverable in the blood itself. The proportional quantity of osmazome in the chyle he finds greatly to exceed that contained in the blood.

Blood-Pressure in Cardiazol Epilepsy

1939 ◽  
Vol 85 (357) ◽  
pp. 787-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Guttmann ◽  
F. Reitmann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cerebral Vessels ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Recent Monograph

No problem in neurology has been approached from so many different angles as has the pathogenesis of the epileptic fit; yet it is far from being solved. Histological examination of the brains of epileptics, electric stimulalation of the human brain during operation, chemical analysis of the body fluids both in general and of the arterial and venous blood of the cerebral vessels in particular, measurements of the intracranial blood-flow, investigations into metabolic changes before, during, and after fits, electro-encephalographic studies, have produced an enormous wealth of data, which it has not, however, been possible to weld into a single theory. The most recent monograph on epilepsy—Kinnier Wilson's article on the subject in Bumke's Handbuch der Neurologie—speaks only of various “determinants” of the fit: the vascular, the humoral, etc.

Emotion at the Edge

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-299
Author(s):  
Edward S. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Human Subject ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Internal Generation

Abstract It is a modernist article of faith that emotion belongs to the human subject—that it is possessed by this subject from within. We find this view espoused by thinkers as various as Descartes, Hume, and Kant. It is also found in the conventional belief that emotions have their seat “in the heart.” In this essay I explore an alternative paradigm whereby emotion exists as much, if not more, at the outer edges of the subject: in expressive gestures and other forms of what I call “exophany,” i.e., the showing-forth of emotion from without. Instead of concerning ourselves with the endogeny of emotions—its internal generation in the body, brain, or soul—I look at the peripherality of emotions. Examining concrete examples, I demonstrate that emotions are transmissible thanks to their capacity for being located at the edges of our lives.

scholarly journals THE SUBJECT: DELEUZE-GUATTARI AND/OR LACAN (IN THE TIME OF CAPITALISM)?

Phronimon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Human Subject ◽  
Ego Identity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Process Ontology ◽  
The Real ◽  
Body Without Organs ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Critical Understanding ◽  
The One

This paper addresses the question, whether Deleuze and Guattari’s conception of the human subject, as articulated in (mainly) Anti-Oedipus, is as irreconcilable with Jacques Lacan’s psychoanalytical  theory of the subject as one might expect, given Anti-Oedipus’ attack on the “Oedipal” basis of psychoanalysis. The notion of the multiplicitous “subject”, as fleshed out in Anti-Oedipus, is reconstructed with the requisite attention to Deleuze and Guattari’s ontology of flows, desiring-machines, desiring-production, schizophrenia, the “body without organs” and the emergence of a “spectral” kind of subject. It is argued that the so-called “body without organs” may be read, in one sense, as their term for the concept of (ego-) identity, which is anathema to the dynamism of the process of desiring-production. For purposes of comparison, Lacan’s theory of the subject is briefly reconstructed as well in terms of the registers of the imaginary, the symbolic and the “real”, with a view to uncovering those aspects of it that are compatible with Deleuze and Guattari’s ontological emphasis on process and becoming, instead of substance. Finally, the problem of the relation between capitalism, on the one hand, and Deleuze/Guattari’s process-ontology, as well as Lacan’s understanding of the discourse of capitalism, is addressed in light of the question of the subject of capitalism, and of the possibility of a critical understanding of capitalism. 

A Phenomenology of/with Total Movement: Response to Erin Manning

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 208-221
Author(s):  
Jodie McNeilly
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Process Philosophy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Movement Response ◽  
The World ◽  
Total Movement ◽  
The Subject

In ‘Wondering the world directly’, Erin Manning criticizes phenomenology by drawing upon Merleau-Ponty’s reflections on the problems of his own project and the criticisms of José Gil. Manning claims that phenomenology goes ‘wrong’ in its privileging of the subject and processes of intentionality: the ‘consciousness–object distinction’. While phenomenology on this understanding alone is inadequate to account for movement and the body, process philosophy has the ‘ability to create a field for experience that does not begin and end with a human subject’. This article responds to Manning’s criticism by arguing that phenomenology never intended to perpetuate a concept of subject that fixes an inexorable gap between itself and objects. A historical assessment of subjectivity and intentionality in the work of five different authors, alongside critical points that address Manning’s misconstrual of phenomenology, leads to an understanding of movement that need not ‘outrun the subject’ or become a precarious limit to perceptual experience because of its primacy.

Diaghilev and British Writing

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-92
Author(s):  
Susan Jones
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Responses ◽  
Literary Aesthetics ◽  
Ballets Russes ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Opening Up

This article explores the diversity of British literary responses to Diaghilev's project, emphasising the way in which the subject matter and methodologies of Diaghilev's modernism were sometimes unexpectedly echoed in expressions of contemporary British writing. These discussions emerge both in writing about Diaghilev's work, and, more discretely, when references to the Russian Ballet find their way into the creative writing of the period, serving to anchor the texts in a particular cultural milieu or to suggest contemporary aesthetic problems in the domain of literary aesthetics developing in the period. Figures from disparate fields, including literature, music and the visual arts, brought to their criticism of the Ballets Russes their individual perspectives on its aesthetics, helping to consolidate the sense of its importance in contributing to the inter-disciplinary flavour of modernism across the arts. In the field of literature, not only did British writers evaluate the Ballets Russes in terms of their own poetics, their relationship to experimentation in the novel and in drama, they developed an increasing sense of the company's place in dance history, its choreographic innovations offering material for wider discussions, opening up the potential for literary modernism's interest in impersonality and in the ‘unsayable’, discussions of the body, primitivism and gender.

Compulsive Bodies, Creative Bodies: Beckett'sQuadand Agency in the 21stCentury

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Amanda Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Human Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Repetitive Movement ◽  
Repetitive Tasks ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Object Oriented Ontology ◽  
Geological Space ◽  
Alternative Reading

Lying in ditches, tromping through mud, wedged in urns, trash bins, buried in earth, bodies in Beckett appear anything but capable of acting meaningfully on their environments. Bodies in Beckett seem, rather, synonymous with abjection, brokenness, and passivity—as if the human were overcome by its materiality: odours, pain, foot sores, decreased mobility. To the extent that Beckett's personae act, they act vaguely (wandering) or engage in quasi-obsessive, repetitive tasks: maniacal rocking, rotating sucking stones and biscuits, uttering words evacuated of sense, ceaseless pacing. Perhaps the most vivid dramatization of bodies compelled to meaningless, repetitive movement is Quad (1981), Beckett's ‘ballet’ for television, in which four bodies in hooded robes repeat their series ad infinitum. By 1981, has all possibility for intentional action in Beckett been foreclosed? Are we doomed, as Hamm puts it, to an eternal repetition of the same? (‘Moments for nothing, now as always, time was never and time is over, reckoning closed and story ended.’)This article proposes an alternative reading of bodily abjection, passivity and compulsivity in Beckett, a reading that implies a version of agency more capacious than voluntarism. Focusing on Quad as an illustrative case, I show how, if we shift our focus from the body's diminished possibilities for movement to the imbrication of Beckett's personae in environments (a mound of earth), things, and objects, a different story emerges: rather than dramatizing the impossibility of action, Beckett's work may sketch plans for a more ecological, post-human version of agency, a more collaborative mode of ‘acting’ that eases the divide between the human, the world of inanimate objects, and the earth.Movements such as new materialism and object-oriented ontology challenge hierarchies among subjects, objects and environments, questioning the rigid distinction between animate and inanimate, and the notion of the Anthropocene emphasizes the influence of human activity on social and geological space. A major theoretical challenge that arises from such discourses (including 20th-century challenges to the idea of an autonomous, willing, subject) is to arrive at an account of agency robust enough to survive if not the ‘death of the subject’ then its imbrication in the material and social environment it acts upon. Beckett's treatment of the human body suggests a version of agency that draws strength from a body's interaction with its environment, such that meaning is formed in the nexus between body and world. Using the example of Quad, I show how representations of the body in Beckett disturb the opposition between compulsivity (when a body is driven to move or speak in the absence of intention) and creative invention. In Quad, serial repetition works to create an interface between body and world that is receptive to meanings outside the control of a human will. Paradoxically, compulsive repetition in Beckett, despite its uncomfortable closeness to addiction, harnesses a loss of individual control that proposes a more versatile and ecologically mindful understanding of human action.

Predicting the citation and impact factor of terms for scientific publications using machine learning algorithms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Klokov ◽  
Evgenii Slobodyuk ◽  
Michael Charnine
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Environment

The object of the research when writing the work was the body of text data collected together with the scientific advisor and the algorithms for processing the natural language of analysis. The stream of hypotheses has been tested against computer science scientific publications through a series of simulation experiments described in this dissertation. The subject of the research is algorithms and the results of the algorithms, aimed at predicting promising topics and terms that appear in the course of time in the scientific environment. The result of this work is a set of machine learning models, with the help of which experiments were carried out to identify promising terms and semantic relationships in the text corpus. The resulting models can be used for semantic processing and analysis of other subject areas.

Living with Barren Truths: A Tale of Triumphalism and Tribulations of a Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 097168582110159
Author(s):  
Sital Mohanty ◽  
Subhasis Sahoo ◽  
Pranay Kumar Swain
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Science, technology and human values have been the subject of enquiry in the last few years for social scientists and eventually the relationship between science and gender is the subject of an ongoing debate. This is due to the event of globalization which led to the exponential growth of new technologies like assisted reproductive technology (ART). ART, one of the most iconic technological innovations of the twentieth century, has become increasingly a normal social fact of life. Since ART invades multiple human discourses—thereby transforming culture, society and politics—it is important what is sociological about ART as well as what is biological. This article argues in commendation of sociology of technology, which is alert to its democratic potential but does not concurrently conceal the historical and continuing role of technology in legitimizing gender discrimination. The article draws the empirical insights from local articulations (i.e., Odisha state in eastern India) for the understandings of motherhood, freedom and choice, reproductive right and rights over the body to which ART has contributed. Sociologically, the article has been supplemented within the broader perspectives of determinism, compatibilism alongside feminism.

Madness, virtue, and ecology: A classical Indian approach to psychiatric disturbance

2021 ◽  
pp. 095269512098224
Author(s):  
Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Moral Relationship

The Caraka Saṃhitā (ca. first century BCE–third century CE), the first classical Indian medical compendium, covers a wide variety of pharmacological and therapeutic treatment, while also sketching out a philosophical anthropology of the human subject who is the patient of the physicians for whom this text was composed. In this article, I outline some of the relevant aspects of this anthropology – in particular, its understanding of ‘mind’ and other elements that constitute the subject – before exploring two ways in which it approaches ‘psychiatric’ disorder: one as ‘mental illness’ ( mānasa-roga), the other as ‘madness’ ( unmāda). I focus on two aspects of this approach. One concerns the moral relationship between the virtuous and the well life, or the moral and the medical dimensions of a patient’s subjectivity. The other is about the phenomenological relationship between the patient and the ecology within which the patient’s disturbance occurs. The aetiology of and responses to such disturbances helps us think more carefully about the very contours of subjectivity, about who we are and how we should understand ourselves. I locate this interpretation within a larger programme on the interpretation of the whole human being, which I have elsewhere called ‘ecological phenomenology’.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document