Capturing the Basics of the GDPR in a Well-Founded Legal Domain Modular Ontology

The primary goal of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is to regulate the rights and duties of citizens and organizations over personal data protection. Implementing the GDPR is recently gaining much importance for legal reasoning and compliance checking purposes. In this work, we aim to capture the basics of GDPR in a well-founded legal domain modular ontology named OPPD (Ontology for the Protection of Personal Data). Ontology-Driven Conceptual Modeling (ODCM), ontology layering, modularization, and reuse processes are applied. These processes aim to support the ontology engineer in overcoming the complexity of the legal knowledge and developing an ontology model faithful to reality. ODCM is used for grounding OPPD in the Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO). Ontology modularization and layering aim to simplify the ontology building process. Ontology reuse focuses on selecting and reusing Conceptual Ontology Patterns (COPs) from UFO and the legal core ontology UFO-L. OPPD intends to overcome the lack of a representation of legal procedures that most ontologies encountered. The potential use of OPPD is proposed to formalize the GDPR rules by combining ontological reasoning and Logic Programming.

Digital Platform for E&P Assets Business Process Optimization with a Module for Estimation and Optimizing of Portfolio of Investment Projects for Oil and Gas Production. Case Study.

Due to increase in cost and complexity of oil and gas production processes it becomes necessary to develop a platform for automated analysis of the main business processes of oil and gas assets for the automatic formation of investment projects portfolios for oil and gas production, taking into account the variability of technical and infrastructural characteristics, the mutual influence of objects and profitability indicators. The paper presents a description of platform prototype designed to form an optimized portfolio of investment projects for oil and gas production. The platform was developed using a process ontology, modern optimization tools and up-to-date techniques. The peculiarity of the proposed platform is in the use of a process ontology, which allows to link the life-time processes of objects with each other and throughout the entire time of asset assessment. The platform makes it easy to operate with real objects and their characteristics. The platform is based on the following models: – simulation model - repeats the business processes of the enterprise, indicating bottlenecks and improvement zones for management, it is a set of direct mathematical problems; – optimization model - creates opportunities for multi-criteria analysis, by eliminating manual processing, for modeling and managing various processes, as well as creating a wide range of development options (geological capabilities, geophysical interpretation, etc.). It is a solution to inverse problems with respect to specified criteria related to economic indicators. This paper shows the effect of implementing software based on the digital twin of enterprise processes, implemented as an integrated platform with the ability to connect specialized programs and simulators (SAP, 1C, IPM GAP, Repos, Eclipse, etc.) To calculate the economic indicators (FCF, NPV, PI, DPP) of individual investment projects and the formation, the possibilities of process optimization were taken into account in order to achieve the target indicators of the enterprise. As a result of the optimization, there is an enumeration of the options according to the algorithm and the selection of the most optimal ones, taking into account a variety of technological, landscape and hydrodynamic characteristics. Thus, a high-quality assessment of investment projects and taking into account a variety of characteristics when forming a portfolio of investment projects when forming a strategy for the development of an oil and gas asset is required. The novelty of the work lies in the developed multi-criteria optimization model. As a result of the performed work, the accuracy of calculations of technical and economic indicators and the optimality of the selected project portfolios for a given target function, taking into account the restrictions, implemented on the basis of digital twins of key business processes of oil and gas enterprises, were confirmed.

Shedding Our Substantial Baggage: Towards a Process-Ontological Turn in Cognitive Science

In the fallout of the replication crisis, several authors have pointed to an underlying "theory crisis" in the cognitive sciences, which are argued to lack a core set of shared principles, assumptions, and methodologies. In this essay, I contend that one major barrier to an integrated field stems from a widespread, often implicit ontological commitment among scientists to substance ontology: the metaphysical view that reality is composed of one or more fundamental, static, independent entities. I argue that this metaphysical assumption contributes to the impression that alternative theoretical decompositions of systems are logically incompatible. I consider cognitive, cultural, and historical reasons for the little-challenged dominance of substance thinking in scientific thought, but suggest that the philosophical foundations are shaky. As such, the field may benefit from engaging more deeply with alternative metaphysical traditions that can be grouped as "process ontologies": the family of views that tend to deny the idea of a fundamental level, take existence to be inherently relational, and emphasize that nature is inherently dynamic. I offer a brief survey of Western philosophical traditions that speak to one or more aspects of process thought, but shine a spotlight in particular on useful concepts from Buddhist and Daoist philosophical traditions. I consider three necessary aspects of all living systems that cannot be accounted for within substance ontology, but can by process: (1) fuzzy boundaries, (2) causal loops, and (3) change. I conclude by suggesting that process ontology may help the field of cognitive science progress by dissolving ill-founded debates regarding the fundamental level of analysis, opening a path for a rigorous meta-theory of cognition.

Johanna Seibt’s Process Ontology of Categorical Inference: On Nomological Axiomatics and Category Projection

Drawing from a Sellarsian realist-naturalist epistemology, we trace different levels of cognitive hierarchy procedures through which a representational system learns to update its own states and improve its ‘map-making’ capabilities from pre-conscious operations which modulate base-localization functions, to patterns of epistemic revision and integration at the conceptual and theoretical levels, producing a nomological double of its world. We show how ontological theorization becomes diachronically coordinated with and constrained by empirical science, and how the formal-quantitative kernel of scientific theories corresponds to qualitative-conceptual determinations at the structural level. Following Johanna Seibt’s characterization of ontology as a theory of categorial inference, we trace the preservation of inferential semantic structure across ontological theories in relation to model languages and provide provisional indications to coordinate Seibt’s account with a convergent realist assessment of systematic modeling, defining the epistemological conditions for articulating the preservation of formal structure in theories toward a limit-point of enquiry.

Development of ontology-based model to support learning process in LMS

<p>E-Learning is an important support mechanism for educational systems to increase the efficiency of the education process including students and teachers. The current e-learning systems typically lack the level of metacognitive awareness, adaptive tutoring, and time management skills and have not always met the expectations of the learners as required. In this study, we introduce a novel ontological model for the learning process in the e-learning domain. In the framework, we have built a domain ontology that represents knowledge of the learning, the outcome domain ontology covers the whole learning process. We focused on the learning process ontology model conceptualizing knowledge constructions, such as learning courses, and we present the created course and learning process ontology in detail. In this work, we considered three layers of learning process. The top layer defines a general framework of learning process, conceptual model layer, defines the framework of the actual process of the learning process and course ontology model contains the knowledge unit of the learning process. The prototype ontology is constructed in protégé and managed by Java web ontology language-application programming interface (OWL-API). As a result, our model can solve the problems of current e-tutor systems. Also, it can be used for different domain in e-tutor systems. It can reach the characteristics of standardization, reusability, flexibility, and open knowledge. By applying this model, we can avoid applying isolated databases. The constructed ontology can be used in the future to control adaptive intelligent e-tutor frameworks.</p>

Re-imagining the dialogic spaces of talanoa through Samoan onto-epistemology

This article proposes a Samoan indigenous philosophical position to reconceptualise the dialogic spaces of talanoa; particularly how talanoa is applied methodologically to research practice. Talanoa within New Zealand Pacific research scholarship is problematised, raising particular tensions of the universal and humanistic ideologies that are entrenched within institutional ethics and research protocols. The dialogic relational space which is embedded throughout talanoa methodology is called into question, evoking alternative ways of knowing and being within the talanoa research assemblage[1] (including the material-world). Samoan epistemology reveals that nature is constituted within personhood (Vaai & Nabobo-Baba, 2017) and that nature is co-agentic with human in an ecology of knowing. We call for a shift in thinking material-ethics that opens talanoa to a materialist process ontology, where knowledge generation emerges through human and non-human encounters. [1] The concept of assemblage developed by Deleuze and Guattari (1987) refers to a process of temporary arrangements or constellations of objects, expressions, bodies, qualities and territories that create new ways of functioning. The assemblage is a multiplicity shaped by a wide range of flows and emerges from the arranging process of heterogenous elements (Livesey, 2010).

GOVT_EXAM ONTOLOGY IN SEMANTIC WEB FOR QUERY RETRIEVAL

The World wide web is growing day by day exponentially and it becomes difficult to find the relevant information even using efficient search engines. Search results always give lots of irrelevant data which often misled to actual needed information. One solution of this problem is semantic web which was proposed by Sir Tim Berner’s Lee. Semantic web is an extended version of World Wide Web that has opened the new doors for efficient information retrieval process. Ontology is one of the methodologies to implement the semantic web. In this paper govt exam ontology is created with the help of protégé ontology creation tool. In the given ontology various relationship between different govt exams of central and state level is provided and also the general information about these exams like exam type, subject level of exam and institutes for coaching is given. This domain specific ontology can help the potential information seeker to get the accurate information which can help to crack the exam.

The performative power of frictions and new possibilities: Studying power, performativity and process with Follett’s pragmatism.

This article seeks to open up new possibilities for process organization studies to reimagine power and performativity by exploring the potential of Mary Parker Follett’s pragmatism as process philosophy. I revisit her body of work to show how she translated her process ontology into theoretical resources and practical insights that allow for new ways of understanding power and performativity together and explore them as mutually constituting processes of organizing. In particular, I mobilize Follett’s view of conflicts as emerging differences in the world and frictions as constructive conflicts with the potential to generate something new in order to introduce and conceptualize ‘performative power’, that is, the power emerging from relating and integrating differences in organizational situations that are experienced as frictions by people involved. Drawing on my ethnographic study of an entrepreneurship accelerator – a training programme for innovators and start-up projects – I discuss and illustrate empirically how performative power is generated from frictions that arise in ordinary lived experiences. This conceptualization of performative power is an attempt to develop a processual and performative understanding of power, and a useful lens to conduct process research. Making a connection between performative power and the experience of frictions provides a new way to see, talk and study processually power in contemporary organizations.

The Uppsala Model in the Twenty-First Century

When it was developed in 1977, the Uppsala internationalization process model (Uppsala model for short) had three basic premises: process ontology, behavioral assumptions, and the presence of uncertainty. Multinational business enterprises (MBEs), among all actors, were in their infancy, and their future could not be known. Later on, the model was extended to cover the evolution of the MBEs, with factors such as internationalization, globalization, and the development of characteristics prompting changes and making them possible. Likewise, the knowledge concept was substituted for by capabilities, operational and dynamic, fitting well the other concepts of the model. The neoclassical view of the firm as an independent unit on the market is considered unrealistic. Instead, firms, MBEs, and small and medium enterprises are seen as embedded in networks with other cooperating and competing actors. The mechanisms of the 2017 version, though, are the same as in the original version. Hopefully, the latest version can be used as a tool within the scope of the “theory of the firm” research and as a platform for more studies on causal mechanisms, later to be applied in normative conclusions. It follows that static cross-sectional statistical methods are not fully satisfactory. Application of dynamic analytical methods requires investment in longitudinal data collection, which is costly, and has to be performed by institutions rather than individuals. A dream is that the Uppsala model can be used as a stepping stone in the construction of realistic macro-level studies of the economy.

Competing Ontologies: A Redux Primer for Public Administration

Over the last decade, a growing number of public administration theorists have taken up the question of how ontology—assumptions about the nature of existence—shapes our understanding of governance. This substantially updated primer, originally published in Public Administration Review, introduces the essay, provides a basic explanation of ontology, describes the fundamental debates in philosophies of ontology, and discusses why ontology is important to social and political theory and therefore public administration theory and practice. Using an ideal-type approach grounded in differing ontological assumptions, a Governance Typology is provided to support analysis of differing public administration theories. An integrative approach to governance is offered that is grounded in relational process ontology—a foundation that may support a viable synthesis of the other four primary ideal-types. The essay concludes with a call for personal reflection on the part of scholars and practitioners regarding their own ontological commitments and an invitation to collaborative inquiry.