scholarly journals IV. On the induction of electric currents in infinite plates and spherical shells

1881 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 307-353 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Magnetic System ◽  
Finite Thickness ◽  
Infinite Plate ◽  
Infinite Plane ◽  
Exact Form ◽  
Spherical Shells ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Electricity And Magnetism ◽  
Plane Sheet

1. In Vol. XX. (1872) of the Proceedings of the Royal Society (pp. 160-168) is a beautiful paper by the late Professor Clerk Maxwell giving an investigation of the induction of currents in an infinite plane sheet of uniform conductivity. For the purposes of the investigation the sheet is supposed infinitely thin; and when it is at rest and influenced by a varying external magnetic system, the effect of the currents induced in it is found to be equivalent to an infinite train of images, at the sheet, of the external system, which, after being formed, move off to infinity with uniform velocity. When the external system revolves uniformly round an axis normal to the sheet, the effect is shown to be the same as if the sheet itself revolved round the axis and the magnetic system remained fixed. The images will then lie in a spiral trail in the form of a helix whose axis is perpendicular to the sheet. This theory was afterwards reproduced in his ‘Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism,’ and the latter part proved directly from the equations. The analysis there given is somewhat difficult to follow, though it is doubtless possible to present it in a more logically exact form. The problem of the induction of currents has also been treated by Felici (Tertolini’s ‘Annali,’ 1853-54) and by Jochmann (Crelle, 1864, and Pogg. Ann., 1864). Jochmann has solved the case of a sphere which rotates uniformly in a magnetic field symmetrical about the axis of revolution and finds that no currents will be generated in it, but that there will be a certain distribution of free electricity throughout its interior and over its surface. He has also handled the case of an infinite plate of finite thickness, which revolves uniformly round a normal, by neglecting the inductive action of the currents on themselves, and shows that the conditions of the problem may then be satisfied by a system of currents parallel to the faces of the plate; he has also traced the forms of the current and equipotential lines in some simple cases. The solution, however, as Maxwell has shown in the case of a thin copper disc, can be true only for very small values of the angular velocity.

scholarly journals III. On the induction of electric currents in infinite plates and spherical shells

1880 ◽  
Vol 30 (200-205) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic System ◽  
Finite Thickness ◽  
Infinite Plate ◽  
General Boundary Conditions ◽  
Spherical Shells ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Plane Sheet ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mutual Induction

The object of the present paper is to determine the currents which are induced in an infinite plate of uniform conductivity and finite thickness, and in a sphere or spherical shell of any thickness when in the presence of a varying magnetic system: and in any of these bodies when rotating near a constant magnetic system, round an axis which is normal to the faces of the plate or passes through the centre of the sphere or shell. The case of an infinitely thin plane sheet has been made the subject of a paper by the late Professor Clerk Maxwell in the “Proceedings of the Royal Society,” vol. xx (1872), and Jochmann has also treated the case of a rotating sphere when the inducing magnetism is symmetrical about the axis of rotation, and that of a rotating plate when the mutual induction of the currents is neglected. In the present paper the problems are dealt with generally. Maxwell’s equations of the field are adopted, and the peculiar view which he takes of the electric current renders it necessary to enter with some detail into the general boundary conditions. These are given, first of all, for two substances at rest, which possess both conductivity and specific dielectric capacity: we can then deduce the conditions to be satisfied at the common surface of a conductor and a dielectric.

scholarly journals III. Action of an intermittent beam of radiant heat upon gaseous matter

1881 ◽  
Vol 31 (206-211) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Late Professor

The Royal Society has already done me the honour of publishing a long series of memoirs on the interaction of radiant heat and gaseous matter. These memoirs did not escape criticism. Distinguished men, among whom the late Professor Magnus and the late Professor Buff may be more specially mentioned, examined my experiments, and arrived at results different from mine.

Finite Thickness Influence on Spherical and Conical Indentation on Viscoelastic Thin Polymer Film

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gonda ◽  
J. den Toonder ◽  
J. Beijer ◽  
G. Q. Zhang ◽  
L. J. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Film ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Finite Thickness ◽  
Thin Polymer Film ◽  
Spherical Indentation ◽  
Infinite Plane ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Thin Polymer ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Conical Indentation

The thermo-mechanical integration of polymer films requires a precise knowledge of material properties. Nanoindentation is a widely used testing method for the determination of material properties of thin films such as Young’s modulus and the hardness. An important assumption in the analysis of the indentation is that the indented medium is a semi-infinite plane or half space, i.e., it has an “infinite thickness.” In nanoindentation the analyzed material is often a thin film that is deposited on a substrate. If the modulus ratio is small, (soft film on hard substrate) and the penetration depth is small too, then the Hertzian assumption does not hold. We investigate this situation with spherical and conical indentation. Measurement results are shown using spherical indentation on a visco-elastic thin polymer film and a full visco-elastic characterization is presented.

Introduction

1969 ◽  
Vol 255 (800) ◽  
pp. 187-188 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Plant Geography ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Southern Zone ◽  
Geological Setting ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
General Field

We have come to hear on these three days from as many members of the Expedition as we could assemble the results of their work in the Solomon Islands. We have the pleasure, also, in looking forward to contributions from six other scientists who, though not Expedition members, have independently added much to the exploration and study of the Solomons. We hope to enjoy the first occasion for a lengthy biogeographical discussion about the islands. This was the purpose of the Expedition set by its originator, the late Professor Carl Pantin, when he was chairman of the Southern Zone Research Committee. We owe to him and to the generosity of the Royal Society the grand opportunity we have had to visit those beautiful islands, to have explored them according to our predilections, and to be gathered here in such hospitality. Professor Pantin decided that the zoological side should be confined to marine and land invertebrata, being the groups most likely to assist in evaluating the geological connexions of the islands. To increase this aspect, and to test the results, we have the contribution by Professor Cain on the birds and of Dr Torben Wolff on the zoology of Rennell Island, which the Expedition was unable to visit. A geological setting has been prepared by Dr Thompson, which in his absence will be read by Dr Allum, who has himself investigated the occurrence and nature of faulting, particularly on Guadalcanal. Pantin left the botanists to decide for themselves and they have covered most groups of plant life, from the sea, where Dr Womersley and his assistant studied the seaweeds, to the totality of the land-flora excepting the microscopic algae and fungi. But we botanists have also invited Dr Thorne to inform to us on the remarkable differences between New Caledonia and the Solomons, as great as the differences between the British and Japanese floras, yet so much closer together. And we have invited Professor Good to put our findings in the general field of Melanesian and Malaysian plant-geography. Our sixth outside contribution is from Dr Brookfield on the new field of climatology in the Solomons. Regrettably, neither Dr Brookfield nor Dr Thorne is able to be with us.

The 1869 controversy of cellular theory: Goodsir versus Virchow

2020 ◽  
pp. 096777202094273
Author(s):  
Michael T Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Cell Theory ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Medical Establishment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Dispute

The Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE) is Scotland’s national academy of science and letters and has been in existence since the eighteenth century. On 23 November 1868, a general meeting was held by the RSE at which members nominated the German academic, Professor Rudolf Virchow, as an Honorary Fellow in recognition of his key contributions to cellular theory. This nomination was opposed by the Reverend Joseph Taylor Goodsir, brother of the late Professor of Anatomy at Edinburgh University, John Goodsir. Reverend Goodsir went on to accuse the German professor of plagiarising his late brother’s pioneering work in the formulation of cell theory. The resultant furore created by the Reverend Goodsir led to an acrimonious scientific dispute in the Edinburgh medical establishment, then one of the leading centres of medical education. The current work describes the history of cellular theory as it pertains to John Goodsir and Rudolf Virchow, discusses the history behind the scientific dispute and interprets Reverend Joseph Taylor Goodsir’s role relating his actions to his continuing battle with mental illness, and the aftermath of the dispute as it affected the reputation of John Goodsir.

scholarly journals XIV. Account of the organs of speech of the orang outang. By Peter Camper, M. D. late Professor of Anatomy, &c. in the University of Groningen, and F. R. S. in a letter to Sir John Pringle, F. R. S

1779 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 139-159 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
The University

Sir, Being lately informed by Dr. Poemmering, whom on account of his singular industry and talents I have recommended to your favour, that you, as well as l'Abbé Fontana and Dr. Ingenhousz, were suprized to hear from M. Febroni, the keeper of the Duke of Tuscany's Museum, that I had discovered the true organical reason for which the Orang Outang, and several other apes and monkies, are unable to speak; I take the liberty of addressing to you this anatomical essay upon the organ of speech of the Orang Outang and other monkies, in hopes you will judge it worthy to be read to the Royal Society; in whose most valuable Transactions I should be very proud to see these observations; the rather, as it is the first essay I have offered to that respectable body.

XIV. On some elementary laws of electricity

1834 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 213-245 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Natural Philosopher ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
Electricity And Magnetism ◽  
The Future ◽  
Deep Interest

1. A more perfect apprehension of those subtile agencies, the effects of which are continually present in various operations of nature, seems of paramount importance to the future advancement of science. Thus the physical causes of heat, light, electricity and magnetism, have become subjects of deep interest to the natural philosopher; little apology, therefore, may perhaps be deemed requisite for my venturing to submit to the consideration of the Royal Society an account of some inquiries, the object of which is to improve our knowledge of one of these great natural powers. As it is only by a patient and repeated induction from well investigated facts that we can hope to attain a higher degree of perfection in natural knowledge, I have thought it not altogether undesirable to inquire further into the elementary laws of common electricity: indeed, upon considering the late fine discoveries of Dr. Faraday, this seems to a certain extent requisite. The researches of this distinguished philosopher have invested electrical phenomena generally with a new interest, and exposed novel and important features in the theory of electrical action. The investigations in this department of science, which I have now the honour of presenting to the Royal Society, will, I hope, be found to contain matter of sufficient interest to render them not unworthy of its acceptance.

scholarly journals II.—Gastaldi on Italian Geology and the Crystalline Rocks

1887 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 531-540
Author(s):  
T. Sterry Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Crystalline Rocks ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Especial Reference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Made In

The present writer in 1883 reviewed the history of the rocks of the Alps and the Apennines with especial reference to the geological relations of serpentine and its associates, in a paper which appeared in the first volume of the Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, and is reprinted, revised and with some additions, as the tenth chapter of his volume entitled “Mineral Physiology and Physiography” (Boston, 1886). Therein he gave a somewhat detailed account of the labours in Italian geology of the late Professor Bartolomeo Gastaldi, of Turin, a list of whose publications on that subject from 1871 to 1878, so far as known to the writer, will there be found, including his letter to Quintino Sella, in 1878, on the general results of explorations made in 1877 (loc. cit., 458).

scholarly journals II. On the magnetic phenomena produced by electricity; in a letter from Sir H. Davy, Bart. F. R. S. to W. H. Wollaston, M. D. P. R. S

1821 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Strong Interest ◽  
Magnetic Attraction ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Electricity And Magnetism ◽  
Intimate Relation ◽  
Magnetic Phenomena

My dear Sir, The similarity of the laws of electrical and magnetic attraction has often impressed philosophers; and many years ago, in the progress of the discoveries made with the voltaic pile, some enquirers (particularly M. Ritter,) attempted to establish the existence of an identity or intimate relation between these two powers; but their views being generally obscure, or their experiments inaccurate, they were neglected: the chemical and electrical phenomena exhibited by the wonderful combination of Volta, at that time almost entirely absorbed the attention of scientific men; and the discovery of the fact of the true connection between electricity and magnetism, seems to have been reserved for M. Oersted, and for the present year. This discovery, from its importance and unexpected nature, cannot fail to awaken a strong interest in the scientific world; and it opens a new field of enquiry, into which many experimenters will undoubtedly enter: and where there are so many objects of research obvious, it is scarcely possible that similar facts should not be observed by different persons. The progress of science is, however, always promoted by a speedy publication of experiments; hence, though it is probable that the phenomena which I have observed may have been discovered before, or at the same time in other parts of Europe, yet I shall not hesitate to communicate them to you, and through you to the Royal Society.

scholarly journals XVI. The embryology of monotremata and marsupialia.—Part I

1887 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 463-486 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Grant

In 1882 the late Professor F. M. Balfour suggested my undertaking the study of the development of the peculiar Australian Mammalia and Ceratodus . In 1883 I decided to carry out this suggestion, and was elected to the travelling studentship founded in Balfour’s memory. The Committee of the Royal Society appointed to administer the Government Grant for the endowment of research gave me a sum of £400 for equipment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document