The relationship of cell wall composition to the current classification of staphylococci and micrococci

ABSTRACT The authors report a female patient with XXi constitution for the long arm of the X chromosome associated with thyroid abnormalities, high digital ridge count and chronic suppurative otitis media. This is followed by a discussion of the correlation between genotype and phenotype, comment on the Lyon hypothesis, the relationship of thyroid abnormalities to this condition, autoimmune disease, unbalanced sex chromosomal constitution and the association with a high total digital ridge count. Finally a single hypothesis is proposed for the associated clinical entities that have been found and the suggestion that the classification of this particular type of gonadal dysgenesis be considered as a new syndrome, the »XX-isochromosome syndrome«.

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SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND SYNDROMES POSSIBLY RELATED

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.19.6.1109 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 1109-1123

Author(s):

M. A. Ogryzlo ◽

H. A. Smythe

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Serum Proteins ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Electrophoretic Pattern ◽

Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Attention is drawn to the difficulties that may be encountered in the positive identification and classification of many patients suspected of suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus. Much of this is due to a lack of specific criteria, either clinical or pathologic, for the diagnosis of the disease. The problem has been made more difficult by the recognition of a number of other syndromes that bear a superficial resemblance to systemic lupus erythematosus, yet differ in clinical manifestations, natural course, prognosis and other respects. A feature common to the group is the presence of the L.E. cell phenomenon. The related conditions differ from lupus enythematosus in that the L.E. phenomenon may only be demonstrable intermittently especially during severe exacerbations of the disease, while at the same time disturbances in the electrophoretic pattern of the serum proteins may be much more profound. In systemic rheumatoid disease the prognosis without steroid therapy is better than in systemic lupus erythematosus, although the morbidity may be great. The reactions which follow administration of certain chemotherapeutic agents are of considerable interest, particularly in view of the similarity to lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, and the reversibility on withdrawal of the offending agent. The relationship of these syndromes to each other and to classical systemic lupus erythematosus has not yet been resolved, and inclusion of them under the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus at this time must be regarded as premature.

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Accounting theories and their impact on the formation and development of social expenditure accounting

Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Economic Sciences ◽

10.32515/2663-1636.2020.4(37).251-258 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 251-258

Author(s):

Vera Savchenko ◽

◽

Oleksandr Gai ◽

Oksana Yurchenko ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Development ◽

Point Of View ◽

Social Costs ◽

Social Expenditure ◽

Economic Theories ◽

The Subject ◽

Accounting Theory ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The article considers the essence of accounting theories, approaches to their separation, the relationship of accounting and economic theories, and the direction of development of accounting theories in accordance with the needs of economic and social development. The approaches to the classification of accounting theories are generalized, as well as the approaches to the interpretation of «accounting theory», the peculiarities of the interpretation of the subject of accounting from the point of view of different accounting theories are revealed and the objectivity of expansion of accounting objects is substantiated. In the context of the formation and development of accounting theories, the category of «social costs» is considered as an accounting object.

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Are Virtual Particles Less Real?

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e21020141 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 141 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gregg Jaeger

Keyword(s):

Quantum Field ◽

Interacting Particles ◽

Virtual Particles ◽

Quantum Particles ◽

Action At A Distance ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The question of whether virtual quantum particles exist is considered here in light of previous critical analysis and under the assumption that there are particles in the world as described by quantum field theory. The relationship of the classification of particles to quantum-field-theoretic calculations and the diagrammatic aids that are often used in them is clarified. It is pointed out that the distinction between virtual particles and others and, therefore, judgments regarding their reality have been made on basis of these methods rather than on their physical characteristics. As such, it has obscured the question of their existence. It is here argued that the most influential arguments against the existence of virtual particles but not other particles fail because they either are arguments against the existence of particles in general rather than virtual particles per se, or are dependent on the imposition of classical intuitions on quantum systems, or are simply beside the point. Several reasons are then provided for considering virtual particles real, such as their descriptive, explanatory, and predictive value, and a clearer characterization of virtuality—one in terms of intermediate states—that also applies beyond perturbation theory is provided. It is also pointed out that in the role of force mediators, they serve to preclude action-at-a-distance between interacting particles. For these reasons, it is concluded that virtual particles are as real as other quantum particles.

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MORPHOLOGY OF THE FEMALE TERMINALIA IN LEPIDOPTERA, AND ITS TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent1041055-7 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 104 (7) ◽

pp. 1055-1071 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Akira Mutuura

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characters ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Food Plants ◽

Taxonomic Significance ◽

Genealogical Tree ◽

Genital Opening ◽

Phylogenetic Classification ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

AbstractIn the phylogenetic classification of the Lepidoptera, the position of the genital opening and its modifications help to clarify the relationship of the Zeugloptera to the lepidopterous suborders. Three different systems of the suborder classification of the Lepidoptera, into Homoneura and Heteroneura (Tillyard, Imms, etc.), Monotrysia and Ditrysia (Borner), and Dacnonypha, Monotrysia, and Ditrysia (Hinton), are not supported by evidence obtained in the study of the female genitalia.The development of the female terminalia is closely associated with the mode of oviposition. Several types of female terminalia are found in the primitive Lepidoptera (Hepialidae, Neopseustidae, Tischeriidae, Lyonetiidae, Agathiphagidae, Tineidae, Nepticulidae, and Eriocraniidae). They are divided into four categories: hepialid type — the eggs are dropped randomly; typical lepidopterous type — the eggs are laid on the surface of food plants; eriocraniid type — the eggs are laid inside the food plants; tineid type — the eggs are laid in crevices of food. Each of the types is derivable from the types occurring in Neopseustidae, Tischeriidae, Agathiphagidae, and Eriocraniidae, respectively. These types are still far removed from the type of female terminalia in Micropterygidae of the Zeugloptera.The modes of egg-laying as well as the morphological characters of the female genitalia must be taken into consideration in suborder classification of the Lepidoptera.A genealogical tree based on the female terminalia suggests four main branches: hepialid branch — includes Neopseustidae and Prototheoridae; typical lepidopterous branch — includes all Ditrysia and Nepticulidae; tineid branch — includes only Tineidae; eriocraniid branch — includes Incurvariidae, Prodoxidae, Adelidae, and Heliozelidae.

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Relationship of wood cell wall ultrastructure to bacterial degradation of wood

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-40190250 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 845-870 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Adya P. Singh ◽

Yoon Soo Kim ◽

Ramesh R. Chavan

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Wood Cell Wall ◽

Bacterial Degradation ◽

Cell Wall Components ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

Wall Ultrastructure ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Wall Components

ABSTRACT This review presents information on the relationship of ultrastructure and composition of wood cell walls, in order to understand how wood degrading bacteria utilise cell wall components for their nutrition. A brief outline of the structure and composition of plant cell walls and the degradation patterns associated with bacterial degradation of wood cell walls precedes the description of the relationship of cell wall micro- and ultrastructure to bacterial degradation of the cell wall. The main topics covered are cell wall structure and composition, patterns of cell wall degradation by erosion and tunnelling bacteria, and the relationship of cell wall ultrastructure and composition to wood degradation by erosion and tunnelling bacteria. Finally, pertinent information from select recent studies employing molecular approaches to identify bacteria which can degrade lignin and other wood cell wall components is presented, and prospects for future investigations on wood degrading bacteria are explored.

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Relationship of cell wall composition toin vitro cell wall digestibility of maize inbred line stems

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(200004)80:5<574::aid-jsfa575>3.0.co;2-r ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 80 (5) ◽

pp. 574-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Val�rie M�chin ◽

Odile Argillier ◽

V�ronique Menanteau ◽

Yves Barri�re ◽

Isabelle Mila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Inbred Line ◽

Cell Wall Composition ◽

Maize Inbred Line ◽

Cell Wall Digestibility ◽

Relationship Of

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Experiences of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Qualitative Health Research ◽

10.1177/1049732315601666 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (14) ◽

pp. 2009-2023 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Olivia Knapton

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

The Self ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health problem characterized by persistent obsessions and compulsions. This article provides insights into experiences of OCD through a qualitative, thematic analysis performed on a set of interviews with people with OCD. Four themes were found as central in the participants’ descriptions of OCD episodes: (a) space, (b) the body, (c) objects, and (d) interactions. The findings also show that episodes of OCD can be grouped into three broad categories: (a) activity episodes, which revolve around everyday tasks; (b) state episodes, which are concerned with the self and identity; and (c) object episodes, which are concerned with the effects of objects on the self. The relationship of this three-way classification of OCD episodes to existing cognitive models of OCD is discussed. The study also demonstrates the value of categorizing episodes, rather than people, into subtypes of OCD so that intra-participant variation can be highlighted.

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The relationship between changes in cell wall composition and the establishment of polarity in Fucus embryos

Developmental Biology ◽

10.1016/0012-1606(74)90116-x ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 162-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Alma Moon Novotny ◽

Michael Forman

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Wall Composition ◽

The Relationship

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Codon usage inCryptosporidium parvumdiffers from that in other Eimeriorina

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000066580 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 112 (4) ◽

pp. 357-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. Char ◽

P. Kelly ◽

A. Naeem ◽

M. J. G. Farthing

Keyword(s):

Codon Usage ◽

18S Rrna ◽

Homologous Gene ◽

Rrna Sequence ◽

Synonymous Codons ◽

Current Classification ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Β Tubulin

SUMMARYCodon usage ofCrytosporidium parvumwas compared with those of other EimeriorinaToxoplasma gondiiandEimeria tenellaand revealed a biased use of synonymous codons with a preference for NNU (40·0%) and NNA (33·4%). There was no close resemblance of the codon usage ofC. parvumtoT. gondii(correlation coefficient, r = 0·14) orE. tenella(r = 0·14) but it was similar toEntamoeba histolytica(r = 0·75) andPlasmodium falciparum(r = 0·5). Analysis of the codon usage in homologous gene sequences (actin, β-tubulin) also failed to reveal a close relationship betweenC. parvumandT. gondiiorE. tenella. The low usage codons inC. parvumwere most frequently used codons inT. gondiiandE. tenella. These observations are consistent with 18S rRNA sequence analysis which shows no close relationship ofCryptosporidiumwith other Eimeriorina (Sarcocystis, ToxoplasmaandEimeria) and questions the validity of the current classification ofC. parvum.

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