MORPHOLOGY OF THE FEMALE TERMINALIA IN LEPIDOPTERA, AND ITS TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1055-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Mutuura
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Genealogical Tree ◽  
Genital Opening ◽  
Phylogenetic Classification ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn the phylogenetic classification of the Lepidoptera, the position of the genital opening and its modifications help to clarify the relationship of the Zeugloptera to the lepidopterous suborders. Three different systems of the suborder classification of the Lepidoptera, into Homoneura and Heteroneura (Tillyard, Imms, etc.), Monotrysia and Ditrysia (Borner), and Dacnonypha, Monotrysia, and Ditrysia (Hinton), are not supported by evidence obtained in the study of the female genitalia.The development of the female terminalia is closely associated with the mode of oviposition. Several types of female terminalia are found in the primitive Lepidoptera (Hepialidae, Neopseustidae, Tischeriidae, Lyonetiidae, Agathiphagidae, Tineidae, Nepticulidae, and Eriocraniidae). They are divided into four categories: hepialid type — the eggs are dropped randomly; typical lepidopterous type — the eggs are laid on the surface of food plants; eriocraniid type — the eggs are laid inside the food plants; tineid type — the eggs are laid in crevices of food. Each of the types is derivable from the types occurring in Neopseustidae, Tischeriidae, Agathiphagidae, and Eriocraniidae, respectively. These types are still far removed from the type of female terminalia in Micropterygidae of the Zeugloptera.The modes of egg-laying as well as the morphological characters of the female genitalia must be taken into consideration in suborder classification of the Lepidoptera.A genealogical tree based on the female terminalia suggests four main branches: hepialid branch — includes Neopseustidae and Prototheoridae; typical lepidopterous branch — includes all Ditrysia and Nepticulidae; tineid branch — includes only Tineidae; eriocraniid branch — includes Incurvariidae, Prodoxidae, Adelidae, and Heliozelidae.

The phylogeny of the Hydroporinae and classification of the genus Peschetius Guignot, 1942 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Wolfe ◽  
Kelly Miller ◽  
Olof Biström
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe phylogeny of the Hydroporinae is investigated in a cladistic analysis emphasizing placement of the genus Peschetius Guignot, historically placed in the tribe Hydroporini. Sixty-nine adult and larval morphological characters were coded for 61 species of Hydroporinae representing eight of the nine tribes. Cladistic analysis of the data resulted in 396 most parsimonious cladograms (length = 176, CI = 46, RI = 80). The results indicate that the genus Peschetius is the sister group to the tribe Bidessini based mainly on an unambiguous character, the presence of a prominent internal spermathecal spine, and several other more ambiguous or homoplasious characters. The tribe Bidessini is expanded to include the genus Peschetius, and it is formally transferred from the tribe Hydroporini. Other results indicating interesting relationships of tribes and genera within Hydroporinae are also discussed. Results include; 1) a dramatically paraphyletic Hydroporini with Laccornellus Roughley and Wolfe, Canthyporus Zimmermann and Hydrocolus Roughley and Larson in basal positions within the phylogeny, 2) Hydrovatus Motschulsky and Queda Sharp resolved as sister groups and not closely related to Methlini van den Branden, 3) support for close relationship of Pachydrus Sharp (Pachydrini Biström, Nilsson and Wewalka) with Hyphydrini Sharp, 4) paraphyly of Hygrotus Stephens sensu lato with the relationship H. (Coelambus) Thomson + (Hygrotus sensus stricto + Hydrovatini)) suggesting recognition of Coelambus and Hygrotus as separate genera, 5) close relationship between the Australian genera of Hydroporini and Hyphydrini and 6) the nesting of Vatellini within a group of Hydroporini.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF CONSTRUCTION OF AGRO-PHYTOCENOSES AND FERTILIZER OF THE OIL RADISH ON THE BASIS OF THE MODULAR-VITALITY METHOD

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-78
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Tsytsiura
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Morphological Integration ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

The article presents the results of a long-term study of the features of the phytocenology of agrophytocenoses of oil radish using different methods for assessing their condition and studying the tactics of the plant vitality strategy. A comprehensive assessment was made of the effect of changes in row spacing, seeding rates and fertilizer rates on the formation of various plant morphotypes, the variability of morphological characters and the general characteristics of plant viability. Three idiotypes of the plant oil radish were identified in a vertical study of agrophytocenosis, on the basis of which a detailed analysis of the variability of each group and a statistical assessment of the reliability of its existence were carried out. The features of the morphological integration of each tier are analyzed and its impact on the formation of the overall field productivity is evaluated. Based on the modular and vitality grouping, the effectiveness and feasibility of combining various options for plant density and fertilizer in the range of 30-90 kg of active substance per 1 ha were evaluated. Conclusions are drawn about the desired model of agrophytocenosis of oil radish based on the characteristics of its vital tactics and the goals of its growing. Grouping was carried out according to a variety of morphological traits of plants in the population and the possibilities of applying the basic patterns of phytocenology in their application to radish oilseed plants were evaluated. Through the use of regression analysis, the influence of climatic conditions on the formation of various morphological types of plants and the nature of the relationship of plants of oil radish in cenoses of various densities against the background of various fertilizer options has been evaluated. The main promising areas for further research on the peculiarities of creating highly productive and highly adaptable agrophytocenoses of oil radish have been outlined.

GONADAL DYSGENESIS WITH XX-ISOCHROMOSOME CONSTITUTION AND ABNORMAL THYROID PATTERNS

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Milet ◽  
E. R. Plunkett ◽  
D. H. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Gonadal Dysgenesis ◽  
Ridge Count ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Lyon Hypothesis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Thyroid Abnormalities

ABSTRACT The authors report a female patient with XXi constitution for the long arm of the X chromosome associated with thyroid abnormalities, high digital ridge count and chronic suppurative otitis media. This is followed by a discussion of the correlation between genotype and phenotype, comment on the Lyon hypothesis, the relationship of thyroid abnormalities to this condition, autoimmune disease, unbalanced sex chromosomal constitution and the association with a high total digital ridge count. Finally a single hypothesis is proposed for the associated clinical entities that have been found and the suggestion that the classification of this particular type of gonadal dysgenesis be considered as a new syndrome, the »XX-isochromosome syndrome«.

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND SYNDROMES POSSIBLY RELATED

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1123
Author(s):  
M. A. Ogryzlo ◽  
H. A. Smythe
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Attention is drawn to the difficulties that may be encountered in the positive identification and classification of many patients suspected of suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus. Much of this is due to a lack of specific criteria, either clinical or pathologic, for the diagnosis of the disease. The problem has been made more difficult by the recognition of a number of other syndromes that bear a superficial resemblance to systemic lupus erythematosus, yet differ in clinical manifestations, natural course, prognosis and other respects. A feature common to the group is the presence of the L.E. cell phenomenon. The related conditions differ from lupus enythematosus in that the L.E. phenomenon may only be demonstrable intermittently especially during severe exacerbations of the disease, while at the same time disturbances in the electrophoretic pattern of the serum proteins may be much more profound. In systemic rheumatoid disease the prognosis without steroid therapy is better than in systemic lupus erythematosus, although the morbidity may be great. The reactions which follow administration of certain chemotherapeutic agents are of considerable interest, particularly in view of the similarity to lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, and the reversibility on withdrawal of the offending agent. The relationship of these syndromes to each other and to classical systemic lupus erythematosus has not yet been resolved, and inclusion of them under the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus at this time must be regarded as premature.

Accounting theories and their impact on the formation and development of social expenditure accounting

2020 ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Vera Savchenko ◽  
◽  
Oleksandr Gai ◽  
Oksana Yurchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Accounting Theory ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article considers the essence of accounting theories, approaches to their separation, the relationship of accounting and economic theories, and the direction of development of accounting theories in accordance with the needs of economic and social development. The approaches to the classification of accounting theories are generalized, as well as the approaches to the interpretation of «accounting theory», the peculiarities of the interpretation of the subject of accounting from the point of view of different accounting theories are revealed and the objectivity of expansion of accounting objects is substantiated. In the context of the formation and development of accounting theories, the category of «social costs» is considered as an accounting object.

scholarly journals Are Virtual Particles Less Real?

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Field ◽  
Interacting Particles ◽  
Virtual Particles ◽  
Quantum Particles ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The question of whether virtual quantum particles exist is considered here in light of previous critical analysis and under the assumption that there are particles in the world as described by quantum field theory. The relationship of the classification of particles to quantum-field-theoretic calculations and the diagrammatic aids that are often used in them is clarified. It is pointed out that the distinction between virtual particles and others and, therefore, judgments regarding their reality have been made on basis of these methods rather than on their physical characteristics. As such, it has obscured the question of their existence. It is here argued that the most influential arguments against the existence of virtual particles but not other particles fail because they either are arguments against the existence of particles in general rather than virtual particles per se, or are dependent on the imposition of classical intuitions on quantum systems, or are simply beside the point. Several reasons are then provided for considering virtual particles real, such as their descriptive, explanatory, and predictive value, and a clearer characterization of virtuality—one in terms of intermediate states—that also applies beyond perturbation theory is provided. It is also pointed out that in the role of force mediators, they serve to preclude action-at-a-distance between interacting particles. For these reasons, it is concluded that virtual particles are as real as other quantum particles.

Relationship of stalk morphology and chemical composition to lodging resistance in maize (Zea mays L.) in a rainforest zone

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Esechie
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Basal Section ◽  
Basal Internode ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rainforest Zone

SummaryField and laboratory studies were carried out in 1981 and 1982 to investigate the relationship of stalk morphology and chemical composition to lodging resistance in maize in the rainforest zone of Nigeria.Morphological characters correlated with lodging were plant height, diameter and length of basal internode, thickness of rind and weight of 5 cm basal section. Lodging was negatively correlated with grain yield, and with the percentages of total nonstructural carbohydrate, protein and potassium in the stalks. Premature stalk senescence and rot were common in varieties susceptible to lodging. Lodging had no relationship with leaf area and number of days from sowing to flowering.

SOME NEW NORTH AMERICAN GENERA AND SPECIES IN THE GROUP FORMERLY CALLED PLATYMETOPIUS (RHYNCHOTA, HOMOPTERA)

1931 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
E. D. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
History Information ◽  
Related Group ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Working Out

The writer has been working on the food plants of the leaf-hoppers for many years and has found in the main the different species of the genus Platymetopius, as commonly recognized, are very closely confined to a single species of plant or to a closely related group. Before it was possible to prepare a list of the food plants in the group it was found necessary to describe a number of new species of which food plant and life history information was available. In working out the relationship of these species, two startling discoveries were made.

scholarly journals Experiences of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 2009-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Knapton
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health problem characterized by persistent obsessions and compulsions. This article provides insights into experiences of OCD through a qualitative, thematic analysis performed on a set of interviews with people with OCD. Four themes were found as central in the participants’ descriptions of OCD episodes: (a) space, (b) the body, (c) objects, and (d) interactions. The findings also show that episodes of OCD can be grouped into three broad categories: (a) activity episodes, which revolve around everyday tasks; (b) state episodes, which are concerned with the self and identity; and (c) object episodes, which are concerned with the effects of objects on the self. The relationship of this three-way classification of OCD episodes to existing cognitive models of OCD is discussed. The study also demonstrates the value of categorizing episodes, rather than people, into subtypes of OCD so that intra-participant variation can be highlighted.

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