scholarly journals Fitness costs of herbicide resistance across natural populations of the common morning glory,Ipomoea purpurea

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. van Etten ◽  
Adam Kuester ◽  
Shu-Mei Chang ◽  
Regina S Baucom
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Trade Offs

AbstractAlthough fitness costs associated with plant defensive traits are widely expected, they are not universally detected, calling into question their generality. Here we examine the potential for life history trade-offs associated with herbicide resistance by examining seed germination, root growth, and above-ground growth across 43 naturally occurring populations ofIpomoea purpureathat vary in their resistance to RoundUp®, the most commonly used herbicide worldwide. We find evidence for life history trade-offs associated with all three traits; highly resistant populations had lower germination rates, shorter roots and smaller above-ground size. A visual exploration of the data indicated that the type of trade-off may differ among populations. Our results demonstrate that costs of adaptation may be present at stages other than simply the production of progeny in this agricultural weed. Additionally, the cumulative effect of costs at multiple life cycle stages can result in severe consequences to fitness when adapting to novel environments.

scholarly journals Fitness costs of herbicide resistance across natural populations of the common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea

Evolution ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2199-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Van Etten ◽  
Adam Kuester ◽  
Shu-Mei Chang ◽  
Regina S. Baucom
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals Fitness of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: Current Knowledge and Implications for Management

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vila-Aiub
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Wide Range

Herbicide resistance is the ultimate evidence of the extraordinary capacity of weeds to evolve under stressful conditions. Despite the extraordinary plant fitness advantage endowed by herbicide resistance mutations in agroecosystems under herbicide selection, resistance mutations are predicted to exhibit an adaptation cost (i.e., fitness cost), relative to the susceptible wild-type, in herbicide untreated conditions. Fitness costs associated with herbicide resistance mutations are not universal and their expression depends on the particular mutation, genetic background, dominance of the fitness cost, and environmental conditions. The detrimental effects of herbicide resistance mutations on plant fitness may arise as a direct impact on fitness-related traits and/or coevolution with changes in other life history traits that ultimately may lead to fitness costs under particular ecological conditions. This brings the idea that a “lower adaptive value” of herbicide resistance mutations represents an opportunity for the design of resistance management practices that could minimize the evolution of herbicide resistance. It is evident that the challenge for weed management practices aiming to control, minimize, or even reverse the frequency of resistance mutations in the agricultural landscape is to “create” those agroecological conditions that could expose, exploit, and exacerbate those life history and/or fitness traits affecting the evolution of herbicide resistance mutations. Ideally, resistance management should implement a wide range of cultural practices leading to environmentally mediated fitness costs associated with herbicide resistance mutations.

scholarly journals Warmer temperatures attenuate the classic offspring number and reproductive investment trade-off in the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 20160101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Rutschmann ◽  
Donald B. Miles ◽  
Jean Clobert ◽  
Murielle Richard
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Common Lizard ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Zootoca Vivipara ◽  
The Common

Life-history traits involved in trade-offs are known to vary with environmental conditions. Here, we evaluate the response of the trade-off between ‘offspring number’ versus ‘energy invested per offspring’ to ambient temperature in 11 natural populations of the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara . We provide evidence at both the intra- and interpopulation levels that the trade-off is reduced with an increase in air temperature. If this effect enhances current individual fitness, it may lead to an accelerated pace of life in warmer environments and could ultimately increase adult mortality. In the context of global warming, our results advocate the need for more studies in natural populations to explore interactions between life-history traits' trade-offs and environmental conditions.

scholarly journals An examination of fitness costs of glyphosate resistance in the common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (22) ◽  
pp. 5284-5294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine L. Debban ◽  
Sara Okum ◽  
Kathleen E. Pieper ◽  
Ariana Wilson ◽  
Regina S. Baucom
Keyword(s):  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals How social behaviour and life-history traits change with age and in the year prior to death in female yellow-bellied marmots

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1823) ◽  
pp. 20190745
Author(s):  
Svenja B. Kroeger ◽  
Daniel T. Blumstein ◽  
Julien G. A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Social Behaviours

Studies in natural populations are essential to understand the evolutionary ecology of senescence and terminal allocation. While there are an increasing number of studies investigating late-life variation in different life-history traits of wild populations, little is known about these patterns in social behaviour. We used long-term individual based data on yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) to quantify how affiliative social behaviours and different life-history traits vary with age and in the last year of life, and how patterns compare between the two. We found that some social behaviours and all life-history traits varied with age, whereas terminal last year of life effects were only observed in life-history traits. Our results imply that affiliative social behaviours do not act as a mechanism to adjust allocation among traits when close to death, and highlight the importance of adopting an integrative approach, studying late-life variation and senescence across multiple different traits, to allow the identification of potential trade-offs.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?’

scholarly journals Experimental evidence that belowground competition can influence the evolution of root traits in two closely related morning glory species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Colom ◽  
Regina S. Baucom
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
The United States ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Belowground Competition ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
Root Angle

AbstractAlthough root traits play a critical role in mediating plant-plant interactions and resource acquisition from the soil environment, research examining if and how belowground competition can influence the evolution of root traits remains largely unexplored. Here we examine the potential that root traits may evolve as a target of selection from interspecific competition using Ipomoea purpurea and I. hederacea, two closely related morning glory species that commonly co-occur in the United States. We show that belowground competitive interactions between the two species can alter the pattern of selection on root traits in each species. Specifically, competition with I. purpurea changes the pattern of selection on root angle in I. hederacea, and competitive interactions with I. hederacea changes the pattern of selection on root size in I. purpurea. However, we did not uncover evidence that intraspecific competition altered the pattern of selection on any root traits within I. hederacea. Overall, our results suggest that belowground competition between closely related species can influence the phenotypic evolution of root traits in natural populations. Our findings provide a microevolutionary perspective of how competitive belowground interactions may impact plant fitness, potentially leading to patterns of plant community structure.

scholarly journals Conflicting functional effects of xylem pit structure relate to the growth-longevity trade-off in a conifer species

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (30) ◽  
pp. 15282-15287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Roskilly ◽  
Eric Keeling ◽  
Sharon Hood ◽  
Arnaud Giuggiola ◽  
Anna Sala
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Trade Offs

Consistent with a ubiquitous life history trade-off, trees exhibit a negative relationship between growth and longevity both among and within species. However, the mechanistic basis of this life history trade-off is not well understood. In addition to resource allocation conflicts among multiple traits, functional conflicts arising from individual morphological traits may also contribute to life history trade-offs. We hypothesized that conflicting functional effects of xylem structural traits contribute to the growth-longevity trade-off in trees. We tested this hypothesis by examining the extent to which xylem morphological traits (i.e., wood density, tracheid diameters, and pit structure) relate to growth rates and longevity in two natural populations of the conifer speciesPinus ponderosa. Hydraulic constraints arise as trees grow larger and xylem anatomical traits adjust to compensate. We disentangled the effects of size through ontogeny in individual trees and growth rates among trees on xylem traits by sampling each tree at multiple trunk diameters. We found that the oldest trees had slower lifetime growth rates compared with younger trees in the studied populations, indicating a growth-longevity trade-off. We further provide evidence that a single xylem trait, pit structure, with conflicting effects on xylem function (hydraulic safety and efficiency) relates to the growth-longevity trade-off in a conifer species. This study highlights that, in addition to trade-offs among multiple traits, functional constraints based on individual morphological traits like that of pit structure provide mechanistic insight into how and when life history trade-offs arise.

scholarly journals Cyclical environments drive variation in life history strategies: a general theory of cyclical phenology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Park
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Phenological Shifts

ABSTRACTCycles, such as seasons or tides, characterize many systems in nature. Overwhelming evidence shows that climate change-driven alterations to environmental cycles—such as longer seasons— are associated with phenological shifts around the world, suggesting a deep link between environmental cycles and life cycles. However, general mechanisms of life history evolution in cyclical environments are still not well understood. Here I build a demographic framework and ask how life history strategies optimize fitness when the environment perturbs a structured population cyclically, and how strategies should change as cyclicality changes. I show that cycle periodicity alters optimality predictions of classic life history theory because repeated cycles have rippling selective consequences over time and generations. Notably, fitness landscapes that relate environmental cyclicality and life history optimality vary dramatically depending on which trade-offs govern a given species. The model tuned with known life history trade-offs in a marine intertidal copepod T. californicus successfully predicted the shape of life history variation across natural populations spanning a gradient of tidal periodicities. This framework shows how environmental cycles can drive life history variation—without complex assumptions of individual responses to cues such as temperature—thus expanding the range of life history diversity explained by theory and providing a basis for adaptive phenology.

scholarly journals How life history and demography promote or inhibit the evolution of helping behaviours

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1553) ◽  
pp. 2599-2617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Lehmann ◽  
François Rousset
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Local Competition ◽  
Helping Behaviours ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Social Trait ◽  
Social Behaviours

In natural populations, dispersal tends to be limited so that individuals are in local competition with their neighbours. As a consequence, most behaviours tend to have a social component, e.g. they can be selfish, spiteful, cooperative or altruistic as usually considered in social evolutionary theory. How social behaviours translate into fitness costs and benefits depends considerably on life-history features, as well as on local demographic and ecological conditions. Over the last four decades, evolutionists have been able to explore many of the consequences of these factors for the evolution of social behaviours. In this paper, we first recall the main theoretical concepts required to understand social evolution. We then discuss how life history, demography and ecology promote or inhibit the evolution of helping behaviours, but the arguments developed for helping can be extended to essentially any social trait. The analysis suggests that, on a theoretical level, it is possible to contrast three critical benefit-to-cost ratios beyond which costly helping is selected for (three quantitative rules for the evolution of altruism). But comparison between theoretical results and empirical data has always been difficult in the literature, partly because of the perennial question of the scale at which relatedness should be measured under localized dispersal. We then provide three answers to this question.

scholarly journals Age is not just a number – senescence affects how fish populations respond to different fishing regimes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauliina Anna Ahti ◽  
Silva Uusi-Heikkilä ◽  
Timo J Marjomäki ◽  
Anna Kuparinen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Age Dependent

Abstract The presence of senescence in natural populations remains an unsolved problem in biology. Described as an age-dependent increase in natural mortality (known as actuarial senescence) and an age-dependent decrease in fecundity (known as reproductive senescence), the role of senescence in nature is still poorly understood. Based on empirical estimates of reproductive and actuarial senescence, we explored how senescence affects the population dynamics of Coregonus albula, a small, schooling salmonid fish. Using an empirically-based eco-evolutionary model, we investigated how the presence or absence of senescence affects how the fish population responds to pristine, intensive harvest, and recovery phases. Our results showed that at an individual level, the presence of senescence was accompanied by life-history trade-offs, i.e. lower asymptotic length and smaller size and younger age at maturity, both in the presence and absence of fishing. At the population level, the response to different fisheries selection patterns depended on the presence or absence of senescence. Importantly, the results indicate that through the lifehistory trade-offs between early reproduction and late life survival, the young and small individuals can have an important role in population recovery, especially when senescence is present. Since most life-history and fisheries models ignore senescence, they may be over-estimating reproductive capacity and under-estimating natural mortality. Our results highlight the need for increasing biological realism in these models to ensure the successful management of our natural resources.

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