scholarly journals Age is not just a number – senescence affects how fish populations respond to different fishing regimes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauliina Anna Ahti ◽  
Silva Uusi-Heikkilä ◽  
Timo J Marjomäki ◽  
Anna Kuparinen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Age Dependent

Abstract The presence of senescence in natural populations remains an unsolved problem in biology. Described as an age-dependent increase in natural mortality (known as actuarial senescence) and an age-dependent decrease in fecundity (known as reproductive senescence), the role of senescence in nature is still poorly understood. Based on empirical estimates of reproductive and actuarial senescence, we explored how senescence affects the population dynamics of Coregonus albula, a small, schooling salmonid fish. Using an empirically-based eco-evolutionary model, we investigated how the presence or absence of senescence affects how the fish population responds to pristine, intensive harvest, and recovery phases. Our results showed that at an individual level, the presence of senescence was accompanied by life-history trade-offs, i.e. lower asymptotic length and smaller size and younger age at maturity, both in the presence and absence of fishing. At the population level, the response to different fisheries selection patterns depended on the presence or absence of senescence. Importantly, the results indicate that through the lifehistory trade-offs between early reproduction and late life survival, the young and small individuals can have an important role in population recovery, especially when senescence is present. Since most life-history and fisheries models ignore senescence, they may be over-estimating reproductive capacity and under-estimating natural mortality. Our results highlight the need for increasing biological realism in these models to ensure the successful management of our natural resources.

scholarly journals Life history mediates the trade-offs among different components of demographic resilience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pol Capdevila ◽  
Iain Stott ◽  
James Cant ◽  
Maria Beger ◽  
Gwilym Rowlands ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
History Of ◽  
Highly Correlated

Accelerating rates of biodiversity loss underscore the need to understand how species achieve resilience, their ability to resist and recover from a/biotic disturbances. Yet, the factors determining the resilience of species remain poorly understood, due to disagreements on its definition and the lack of large-scale analyses. Here, we investigate how the life history of 785 natural populations of animals and plants predict their intrinsic ability to be resilient. We show that demographic resilience can be achieved through different combinations of compensation, resistance, and recovery after a disturbance. We demonstrate that these resilience components are highly correlated with life history traits related to the species' pace of life and reproductive strategy. Species with longer generation times require longer recovery times post-disturbance, while those with greater reproductive capacity have greater resistance and compensation. Our findings highlight the key role of life history traits to understand species resilience, improving our ability to predict how natural populations cope with disturbance regimes.

scholarly journals Warmer temperatures attenuate the classic offspring number and reproductive investment trade-off in the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 20160101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Rutschmann ◽  
Donald B. Miles ◽  
Jean Clobert ◽  
Murielle Richard
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Common Lizard ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Zootoca Vivipara ◽  
The Common

Life-history traits involved in trade-offs are known to vary with environmental conditions. Here, we evaluate the response of the trade-off between ‘offspring number’ versus ‘energy invested per offspring’ to ambient temperature in 11 natural populations of the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara . We provide evidence at both the intra- and interpopulation levels that the trade-off is reduced with an increase in air temperature. If this effect enhances current individual fitness, it may lead to an accelerated pace of life in warmer environments and could ultimately increase adult mortality. In the context of global warming, our results advocate the need for more studies in natural populations to explore interactions between life-history traits' trade-offs and environmental conditions.

scholarly journals How social behaviour and life-history traits change with age and in the year prior to death in female yellow-bellied marmots

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1823) ◽  
pp. 20190745
Author(s):  
Svenja B. Kroeger ◽  
Daniel T. Blumstein ◽  
Julien G. A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Social Behaviours

Studies in natural populations are essential to understand the evolutionary ecology of senescence and terminal allocation. While there are an increasing number of studies investigating late-life variation in different life-history traits of wild populations, little is known about these patterns in social behaviour. We used long-term individual based data on yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) to quantify how affiliative social behaviours and different life-history traits vary with age and in the last year of life, and how patterns compare between the two. We found that some social behaviours and all life-history traits varied with age, whereas terminal last year of life effects were only observed in life-history traits. Our results imply that affiliative social behaviours do not act as a mechanism to adjust allocation among traits when close to death, and highlight the importance of adopting an integrative approach, studying late-life variation and senescence across multiple different traits, to allow the identification of potential trade-offs.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?’

Attachment, reproduction, and life history trade-offs: A broader view of human mating

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lane Beckes ◽  
Jeffry A. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Human Mating ◽  
Different Sources

AbstractIn this commentary, we attempt to broaden thinking and dialogue about how our ancestral past might have affected attachment and reproductive strategies. We highlight the theoretical benefits of formulating specific predictions of how different sources of stress might impact attachment and reproductive strategies differently, and we integrate some of these ideas with another recent evolutionary model of human mating.

Natural selection and ribosomal DNA in Drosophila

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Templeton ◽  
Hope Hollocher ◽  
Susan Lawler ◽  
J. Spencer Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Drosophila Hydei ◽  
Drosophila Mercatorum

Natural populations of Drosophila mercatorum are variable for the number of X-linked 28S ribosomal genes bearing a 5-kilobase insert. A separate polymorphic X-linked gene controls whether 28S repeats bearing the insert are preferentially underreplicated during the formation of polytene tissue. Female flies having at least a third of their 28S genes bearing the insert and lacking the ability to preferentially underreplicate inserted repeats display the abnormal abdomen syndrome. The syndrome is characterized by retention of juvenile abdominal cuticle into the adult, a slowdown in larval developmental time, and an increase in early female fecundity. The life history traits are expressed in nature and provide a basis for strong natural selection. The abnormal abdomen syndrome should be favored whenever the adult age structure is skewed towards young individuals, and field studies confirm this prediction. The closely related species, Drosophila hydei, also bears these inserts and appears to be subject to similar selection. However, D. mercatorum responds to this selection primarily through the allelic variation that controls preferential underreplication, whereas D. hydei responds primarily through adjustment of the proportion of inserted 28S genes. This is interpreted to mean that the evolution of a multigene family arises from the interaction of population-level and DNA-level processes.Key words: ribosomal DNA, natural selection, concerted evolution, life history, multigene families, Drosophila mercatorum, Drosophila hydei.

Modelling fishing-induced adaptations and consequences for natural mortality

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1086-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Jørgensen ◽  
Øyvind Fiksen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Investment In Reproduction

When trade-offs involving predation and mortality are perturbed by human activities, behaviour and life histories are expected to change, with consequences for natural mortality rates. We present a general life history model for fish in which three common relationships link natural mortality to life history traits and behaviour. First, survival increases with body size. Second, survival declines with growth rate due to risks involved with resource acquisition and allocation. Third, fish that invest heavily in reproduction suffer from decreased survival due to costly reproductive behaviour or morphology that makes escapes from predators less successful. The model predicts increased natural mortality rate as an adaptive response to harvesting. This extends previous models that have shown that harvesting may cause smaller body size, higher growth rates, and higher investment in reproduction. The predicted increase in natural mortality is roughly half the fishing mortality over a wide range of harvest levels and parameter combinations such that fishing two fish kills three after evolutionary adaptations have taken place.

scholarly journals Search for the evidence of endocrine disruption in the aquatic environment; Lessons to be learned from joint biological and chemical monitoring in the European project COMPREHEND

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2445-2450 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. L. Eggen ◽  
B.-E. Bengtsson ◽  
C. T. Bowmer ◽  
A. A. M. Gerritsen ◽  
Michel Gibert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Chemical Monitoring

Between January 1999 and December 2001, the European Community project COMPREHEND was performed. The overall aim of COMPREHEND was to assess endocrine disruption in the aquatic environment in Europe, consequent to effluent discharge, with emphasis on estrogenic activity. COMPREHEND demonstrated the widespread occurrence of estrogenic effluents across Europe and presented evidence of impacts on a range of wild fish species. Using a variety of bioassays in combination with chemical analytical methods, estrogenic steroids of human origin from domestic wastewater effluents were identified as the most pervasive problem, although alkylphenols may be important estrogenic components of some industrial effluents. New tools have been developed for the identification of estrogenic effluents, and recommendations are made for the improvement of existing techniques. We have shown that individual fish within natural populations may be feminized to varying degrees, but it has not been possible to show, using traditional fish population parameters, that the survival of fish populations is threatened. However, laboratory-based fish life-cycle studies demonstrate the sensitivity of fish to estrogen (and androgen) exposure and how this might lead to complex (and potentially damaging) genetic changes at the population level. New approaches to this problem, utilizing recent advances made in the field of molecular and population genetics, are recommended. Finally, a study of estrogenic and androgenic activity of waste waters during the treatment process has shown that some of the existing wastewater treatment technologies have the potential to eliminate or minimize the hormonal activity of the final effluent.

scholarly journals Environmental change effects on life history traits and population dynamics of anadromous fishes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Catalina Chaparro-Pedraza ◽  
André M. de Roos
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

AbstractMigration, the recurring movement of individuals between a breeding and a non-breeding habitat, is a widespread phenomenon in the animal kingdom. Since the life cycle of migratory species involves two habitats, they are particularly vulnerable to environmental change, which may affect either of these habitats as well as the travel between them. In this study, we investigate the consequences of environmental change affecting older life history stages for the population dynamics and the individual life history of a migratory population. In particular, we use a theoretical approach to study how increased energetic cost of the breeding travel and reduced survival and food availability in the non-breeding habitat affect an anadromous fish population. These unfavorable conditions have impacts at individual and population level. First, when conditions deteriorate individuals in the breeding habitat have a higher growth rate as a consequence of reductions in spawning that reduce competition. Second, population abundance decreases, and its dynamics change from stable to oscillations with a period of four years. The oscillations are caused by the density-dependent feedback between individuals within a cohort through the food abundance in the breeding habitat, which results in alternation of a strong and a weak cohort. Our results explain how environmental change, by affecting older life history stages, has multiple consequences for other life stages and for the entire population. We discuss these results in the context of empirical data and highlight the need for mechanistic understanding of the interactions between life history and population dynamics in response to environmental change.

scholarly journals Fitness costs of herbicide resistance across natural populations of the common morning glory,Ipomoea purpurea

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. van Etten ◽  
Adam Kuester ◽  
Shu-Mei Chang ◽  
Regina S Baucom
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Trade Offs

AbstractAlthough fitness costs associated with plant defensive traits are widely expected, they are not universally detected, calling into question their generality. Here we examine the potential for life history trade-offs associated with herbicide resistance by examining seed germination, root growth, and above-ground growth across 43 naturally occurring populations ofIpomoea purpureathat vary in their resistance to RoundUp®, the most commonly used herbicide worldwide. We find evidence for life history trade-offs associated with all three traits; highly resistant populations had lower germination rates, shorter roots and smaller above-ground size. A visual exploration of the data indicated that the type of trade-off may differ among populations. Our results demonstrate that costs of adaptation may be present at stages other than simply the production of progeny in this agricultural weed. Additionally, the cumulative effect of costs at multiple life cycle stages can result in severe consequences to fitness when adapting to novel environments.

scholarly journals Conflicting functional effects of xylem pit structure relate to the growth-longevity trade-off in a conifer species

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (30) ◽  
pp. 15282-15287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Roskilly ◽  
Eric Keeling ◽  
Sharon Hood ◽  
Arnaud Giuggiola ◽  
Anna Sala
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Trade Offs

Consistent with a ubiquitous life history trade-off, trees exhibit a negative relationship between growth and longevity both among and within species. However, the mechanistic basis of this life history trade-off is not well understood. In addition to resource allocation conflicts among multiple traits, functional conflicts arising from individual morphological traits may also contribute to life history trade-offs. We hypothesized that conflicting functional effects of xylem structural traits contribute to the growth-longevity trade-off in trees. We tested this hypothesis by examining the extent to which xylem morphological traits (i.e., wood density, tracheid diameters, and pit structure) relate to growth rates and longevity in two natural populations of the conifer speciesPinus ponderosa. Hydraulic constraints arise as trees grow larger and xylem anatomical traits adjust to compensate. We disentangled the effects of size through ontogeny in individual trees and growth rates among trees on xylem traits by sampling each tree at multiple trunk diameters. We found that the oldest trees had slower lifetime growth rates compared with younger trees in the studied populations, indicating a growth-longevity trade-off. We further provide evidence that a single xylem trait, pit structure, with conflicting effects on xylem function (hydraulic safety and efficiency) relates to the growth-longevity trade-off in a conifer species. This study highlights that, in addition to trade-offs among multiple traits, functional constraints based on individual morphological traits like that of pit structure provide mechanistic insight into how and when life history trade-offs arise.

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