scholarly journals How human behavior drives the propagation of an emerging infection: the case of the 2014 Chikungunya outbreak in Martinique

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Roche ◽  
Béatrice Gaillard ◽  
Lucas Léger ◽  
Renélise Moutenda ◽  
Thomas Sochacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
The Road ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Public Health Strategies

AbstractUnderstanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of endemic infections is of critical importance for a deeper understanding of pathogen transmission, and for the design of more efficient public health strategies. However, very few studies in this domain have focused on emerging infections, generating a gap of knowledge that hampers epidemiological response planning. Here, we analyze the case of a Chikungunya outbreak that occurred in Martinique in 2014. Using time series estimates from a network of sentinel practitioners covering the entire island, we first analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics and show that the largest city has served as the epicenter of this epidemic. We further show that the epidemic spread from there through two different propagation waves moving northwards and southwards, probably by individuals moving along the road network. We then develop a mathematical model to explore the drivers of the temporal dynamics of this mosquito-borne virus. Finally, we show that human behavior, inferred by a textual analysis of messages published on the social network Twitter, is required to explain the epidemiological dynamics over time. Overall, our results suggest that human behavior has been a key component of the outbreak propagation, and we argue that such results can lead to more efficient public health strategies specifically targeting the propagation process.

scholarly journals Past times: Traffic in the rear-view mirror

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
John Lucocq
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Membrane Traffic ◽  
Good Time ◽  
The Road ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Cellular Compartments

When I was a lad, the adage that “cells are not simply bags full of enzymes” was already popular in biology, and how true it turned out to be. We now know that eukaryotes comprise cellular compartments whose integrity and composition is maintained by specific mechanisms, including the membrane traffic between membrane-bound organelles. So what attracts cell biologists to the challenge of membrane traffic? One reason may be the complexity in composition and spatio-temporal dynamics -- a complexity that manifests itself in the sheer beauty of the physical forms of the trafficking organelles. Another motivation may be the simple question of how complex mixtures of substances can be moved around selectively in membrane-bound vesicles while maintaining the compositional integrity of organelles. Whatever the attraction, it is clear that the full molecular inventory of traffic machinery will be known soon, and we stand now on the threshold of a deeper understanding. It is therefore a good time to look at what has been achieved so far. Interestingly, the focus of membrane trafficking research has come full circle. Initially, discrete organelles with specialized functions were described and then came a mass of molecular information. Now, we are back to the organelles, trying to work out how they are built and how they function in a dynamic way. As in any story of science, the road to discovery has been crucially dependent on clever insights, married with technical developments at both molecular and atomic resolution.

scholarly journals Growth and agglomeration in the heterogeneous space: a generalized AK approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1287-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raouf Boucekkine ◽  
Giorgio Fabbri ◽  
Salvatore Federico ◽  
Fausto Gozzi
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Asymptotic Distributions ◽  
Inequality Aversion ◽  
Relative Location ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Endogenous Spillovers ◽  
And Diffusion

Abstract We provide an optimal growth spatio-temporal setting with capital accumulation and diffusion across space to study the link between economic growth triggered by capital spatio-temporal dynamics and agglomeration across space. The technology is AK, K being broad capital. The social welfare function is Benthamite. In sharp contrast to the related literature, which considers homogeneous space, we derive optimal location outcomes for any given space distributions for technology and population. Both the transitional spatio-temporal dynamics and the asymptotic spatial distributions are computed in closed form. Concerning the latter, we find, among other results, that: (i) due to inequality aversion, the consumption per capital distribution is much flatter than the distribution of capital per capita; (ii) endogenous spillovers inherent in capital spatio-temporal dynamics occur as capital distribution is much less concentrated than the (pre-specified) technological distribution; (iii) the distance to the center (or to the core) is an essential determinant of the shapes of the asymptotic distributions, that is relative location matters.

scholarly journals Promoting Mental Health for healthier subsistence

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
KD Upadhya
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Social Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Public Health Strategies

Mental health is not merely an absence of mental illness. It’s also a relationship between an individual and the society that the individual dwells and all the social process and institutions that a society embodies within. There exist several personal and environmental factors culminating into some form of mental illness. Therefore prevention of these factors helps prevent mental illness or delay their onset for timely intervention. Various public health strategies have genuine implications in day to day life an individual and population at large. The combination of mental health with such public health strategies will have synergistic effect. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i1.8574 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol .2, No.1, 2013 39-42

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Monitoring of the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Vocalizations among Songbirds in a Semi Free-Flight Environment Using Robot Audition Techniques

Birds ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-172
Author(s):  
Shinji Sumitani ◽  
Reiji Suzuki ◽  
Takaya Arita ◽  
Kazuhiro Nakadai ◽  
Hiroshi G. Okuno
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Robot Audition ◽  
Realistic Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spatio Temporal

To understand the social interactions among songbirds, extracting the timing, position, and acoustic properties of their vocalizations is essential. We propose a framework for automatic and fine-scale extraction of spatial-spectral-temporal patterns of bird vocalizations in a densely populated environment. For this purpose, we used robot audition techniques to integrate information (i.e., the timing, direction of arrival, and separated sound of localized sources) from multiple microphone arrays (array of arrays) deployed in an environment, which is non-invasive. As a proof of concept of this framework, we examined the ability of the method to extract active vocalizations of multiple Zebra Finches in an outdoor mesh tent as a realistic situation in which they could fly and vocalize freely. We found that localization results of vocalizations reflected the arrangements of landmark spots in the environment such as nests or perches and some vocalizations were localized at non-landmark positions. We also classified their vocalizations as either songs or calls by using a simple method based on the tempo and length of the separated sounds, as an example of the use of the information obtained from the framework. Our proposed approach has great potential to understand their social interactions and the semantics or functions of their vocalizations considering the spatial relationships, although detailed understanding of the interaction would require analysis of more long-term recordings.

scholarly journals Coccidioidomycosis: Medical and Spatio-Temporal Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Nikias Sarafoglou ◽  
Rafael Laniado-Laborin ◽  
Menas Kafatos
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Public Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Atmospheric Science ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Insight Into

Coccidioidomycosis (CM) is a disease of major public health importance due to the challenges in its diagnosis and treatment. To understand CM requires the attributes of a multidisciplinary network analysis to appreciate the complexity of the medical, the environmental and the social issues involved: public health, public policy, geology, atmospheric science, agronomy, social sciences and finally humanities, all which provide insight into this population transformation.In section 1 of this paper, we describe the CM-epidemiology, the clinical features, the diagnosis and finally the treatment.In section 2, we highlight the most important contributions and controversies in the history of the CM-research by using scientometric or bibliometric evaluations of research that are based on Garfield’s work (Garfield.library.upenn.edu) on the propagation of scientific thinking.

scholarly journals An Integrated Approach for Spatio-Temporal Cholera Disease Hotspot Relation Mining for Public Health Management in Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3763
Author(s):  
Fatima Khalique ◽  
Shoab Ahmed Khan ◽  
Wasi Haider Butt ◽  
Irum Matloob
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Public Health Management

Public health management can generate actionable results when diseases are studied in context with other candidate factors contributing to disease dynamics. In order to fully understand the interdependent relationships of multiple geospatial features involved in disease dynamics, it is important to construct an effective representation model that is able to reveal the relationship patterns and trends. The purpose of this work is to combine disease incidence spatio-temporal data with other features of interest in a mutlivariate spatio-temporal model for investigating characteristic disease and feature patterns over identified hotspots. We present an integrated approach in the form of a disease management model for analyzing spatio-temporal dynamics of disease in connection with other determinants. Our approach aligns spatio-temporal profiles of disease with other driving factors in public health context to identify hotspots and patterns of disease and features of interest in the identified locations. We evaluate our model against cholera disease outbreaks from 2015–2019 in Punjab province of Pakistan. The experimental results showed that the presented model effectively address the complex dynamics of disease incidences in the presence of other features of interest over a geographic area representing populations and sub populations during a given time. The presented methodology provides an effective mechanism for identifying disease hotspots in multiple dimensions and relation between the hotspots for cost-effective and optimal resource allocation as well as a sound reference for further predictive and forecasting analysis.

scholarly journals Health System Response to COVID-19 and Future Pandemics

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Jai Prakash Narain ◽  
Natasha Dawa ◽  
Rajesh Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
System Response ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
The Public ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Public Health Strategies

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health and economic crisis of a scale never witnessed before. Beginning in China, it has within a few months devastated many countries around the globe, requiring an unprecedented mobilisation of health systems. While the disease caused by this novel virus is generally mild and self-limiting, the risk of severe disease is disproportionately high among elderly and those with underlying medical conditions. In the absence of a vaccine or treatment, the public health strategies include: (a) preventing transmission through early detection and isolation, tracing contacts and quarantining them and implementation of measures such as social distancing and hand hygiene and (b) reducing mortality by augmenting clinical management and shielding the most vulnerable populations in the society. The pandemic is yet another reminder that we need to invest in public health, ramp up national capacities to detect a disease early and respond rapidly to emerging infections, strengthen and respect our national institutions and rely on evidence base for policymaking. It is high time that we paid heed to these lessons and strengthened without any further delay our health system capacity, as epidemics and pandemics of this nature will continue to challenge public health well into the future.

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