scholarly journals Sexual transmission causes a marked increase in the incidence of Zika in women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Codeço Coelho ◽  
Betina Durovni ◽  
Valeria Saraceni ◽  
Cristina Lemos ◽  
Claudia Torres Codeço ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Systematic Testing ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City

AbstractThe recent emergence of Zika in Brazil and its association with increased congenital malformation rates has raised concerns over its impact on the birth rates in the country. Using data on the incidence of Zika in 2015-2016 and dengue in 2013 and 2015-16 for the city of Rio de Janeiro (pop: 6.4 million), we document a massive increase of Zika in women compared to men. Even after correcting for the bias due to the systematic testing of pregnant women for Zika, there are 90% more registered cases per 100,000 women in the sexually active age group (15-65 years) than for men but not before 15 or after 65. Assuming that infected men transmit the disease to women in their semen but that the converse is not true, some extra incidence in women is to be expected. An alternate hypothesis would be that women visit doctors more often than men. To test this, we compared the incidence of dengue fever in men and women in 2015 and in 2013 (before Zika reached Rio de Janeiro): in both years, women are 30% more likely to be reported with dengue.Summing up, women in the sexually active age bracket are far more likely to get Zika than men (+90% increase); sexual transmission is the most probable cause. Women in the 15-65 age group are also 30% more likely to be reported with dengue than men, which is probably due to women being more careful with their health.

scholarly journals Use and cost of medication in low risk pregnant women

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayuri Tanaka Maeda ◽  
Sílvia Regina Secoli
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Iron Sulfate ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Primary Care System ◽  
System Information ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City

The objective of the present study is to assess the use of medication by pregnant women; classify them regarding therapy group and its risk category; and identify the cost of these drugs. The sample is formed by 47 pregnant women, in the 20 to 29 year-old age group, from July 2001 to June 2003, in the city of São Paulo. A specific instrument was used for data collection in family charts and others from the Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica (Primary Care System Information). Average of medications used by pregnant woman was 3.63. Iron sulfate was the most commonly used, followed by antibiotics (78.7%). Regarding risk category, 34.1% of medications belonged to category B and 16.5% to category C. In the calculation of total costs of care, expenses with medication accounted for 11.13%. We have seen the need for assessing further the criteria for use, especially of medications of category C. The higher costs were related to antimicrobials for the treatment of infections.

scholarly journals Study of a population of Biomphalaria tenagophila (Orbigny, 1835) and of schistosomiasis transmission in "Alto da Boa Vista", Rio de Janeiro

1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Baptista ◽  
M. C. Vasconcelos ◽  
V. T. Schall
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Snail Population ◽  
Thermal Limit ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City

The present study was performed using data from a Biomphalaria tenagophila population located in a water cress garden in the Alto da Boa Vista region representing an isolated focal point of schistosomiasis in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The density and age structure of this B. tenagophila population and its rate of intection by Schistosoma mansoni were studied for a period of 15 months. The snail population showed seasonal variation in density, with a decrease in number of individual at the begining of the rainy season. At the end of this season, the population consisted mainly of adults (92.8% in May 1985 and 82.8% in April 1986). The population growth curve was logistic and of sigmoidal configuration. Shiscotoma mansoni cercariae were eliminated over a short period of time (March, April and May 1986). The release of cercariae of S. mansoni and of birds seems to depend on environmental temperature, which during certain months would show a daily variation of up to 13ºC, with the lower thermal limit approaching the limit value for sporocyte development.

scholarly journals Access to and utilization of prenatal care services in the Unified Health System of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Soares Madeira Domingues ◽  
Maria do Carmo Leal ◽  
Zulmira Maria de Araújo Hartz ◽  
Marcos Augusto Bastos Dias ◽  
Marcelo Vianna Vettore
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Late Start ◽  
The City

Prenatal care consists of practices considered to be effective for the reduction of adverse perinatal outcomes. However, studies have demonstrated inequities in pregnant women's access to prenatal care, with worse outcomes among those with lower socioeconomic status. The objective of this study is to evaluate access to and utilization of prenatal services in the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS - Unified Health System) in the city of Rio de Janeiro and to verify its association with the characteristics of pregnant women and health services. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2007-2008, using interviews and the analysis of prenatal care cards of 2.353 pregnant women attending low risk prenatal care services of the SUS. A descriptive analysis of the reasons mentioned by women for the late start of prenatal care and hierarchical logistic regression for the identification of the factors associated with prenatal care use were performed. The absence of a diagnosis of pregnancy and poor access to services were the reasons most often reported for the late start of prenatal care. Earlier access was found among white pregnant women, who had a higher level of education, were primiparous and lived with a partner. The late start of prenatal care was the factor most associated with the inadequate number of consultations, also observed in pregnant adolescents. Black women had a lower level of adequacy of tests performed as well as a lower overall adequacy of prenatal care, considering the Programa de Humanização do Pré-Natal e Nascimento (PHPN - Prenatal and Delivery Humanization Program) recommendations. Strategies for the identification of pregnant women at a higher reproductive risk, reduction in organizational barriers to services and increase in access to family planning and early diagnosis of pregnancy should be prioritized.

Multiple Environmental Exposure in Pregnant Women and Their Children in the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Rio Birth Cohort Study: PIPA Project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen I. R. Fróes-Asmus ◽  
Armando Meyer ◽  
Antônio Jose Ledo A. da Cunha ◽  
Nataly Damasceno ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Toxoplasmosis seroepidemiology in pregnant women in a city in the Northwest region of the Paraná State, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Cristina Da Silva Caetano ◽  
Graziela Vendrame Rodrigues ◽  
Daniela Dib Gonçalves ◽  
Fabiana Maria Ruíz Lopes-Mori ◽  
Regina Mitsuka-Breganó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Clinical Symptomatology ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
Social Demographic ◽  
The City ◽  
Basic Health Units

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by the Toxoplasma gondii protozoa. The congenital form happens when the parasite reaches the fetus through the placenta and causes damages of different intensities, which can be consequence of the strain virulence, of the immune response capability of the pregnant woman or even of the pregnancy stage, and can result in fetal death or severe clinical symptomatology. The aim of this paper was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pregnant woman seen at the Basic Health Units (BHU) in the city of Umuarama (PR) and check for possible toxoplasmosis associations with social-demographic characteristics, behavior and environmental variables. In this study, a total of 813 pregnant women who had their prenatal exams at the BHU in the city of Umuarama (PR) were included. Blood samples collected from these subjects were submitted to IgG and IgM anti-T. gondii antibody survey. Each pregnant woman answered an epidemiological questionnaire for the detection of variables, which were later analyzed by the EpiInfo program. The prevalence detected for IgG and IgM anti-T. gondii antibodies were 56.8% and 1.0%, respectively. The variables age group, education level, per capita income, number of pregnancies, ingestion of fresh sausage, presence of peridomiciliary cats in the backyard and the habit of ingesting farm milk showed association to the infection by T. gondii.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis and HIV among homeless persons in Rio de Janeiro

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Gioseffi ◽  
S Brignol
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Homeless Persons ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Social Vulnerabilities ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
The City

Abstract Background Tuberculosis is the first cause of death among infectious diseases worldwide (WHO, 2019). People with HIV have 28 times more chances to be infected with TB (MS, 2018) and it represents 29% of the TB deaths in Brazil (SANTOS, 2018). In 2017, the TB incidence ratio in HIV+ patiences was 5.3 out of 100.000 inhabtants in Brazil WHO, 2019). Among homeless persons, socially excluded and disregarded by the public authorities, the scenario of these diseases are even worse, considering that the greater exposure of TB occurs in people with lower incomes (UN, 2016), more vulnerable at the social and programmatic level. The aim of this article is to present the epidemiological profile for TB and HIV infection in homeless persons in the city of Rio de Janeiro between 2014 until 2018. Methods The data to this research are of public acess from 2014 to 2018 for the analysis of vulnerability factors in the notification form for TB and HIV in homeless persons. The data are originate from SINAN NET provided by the Rio de Janeiro Municipal Health Department. Results and Conclusions There were 1644 notifications for TB, among whom 15.8% had AIDS co-infection and 15,9% had HIV co-infection. Co-infected with TB and HIV 45,5% were brown people, followed by 36.2% black and 18.3% white. Among the homeless people with TB and HIV co-infection (262), were in the 20 to 39 age group 58%, followed by 37.4% in the 40 to 59 age group. Among the TB notifications, 30,8% achieved a cure, 60,4% abandoned treatment and 4,2% died due to TB. General speaking about the city population, the proportion of TB/AIDS coinfection in Rio de Janeiro is 11,5% and 12,2% for TB and HIV. Brown people (41,7%) between 20 and 39 years old (91,2%) were the majority infected as well. About the outcome, 65,8% achieved cure, 12,4% abandoned treatment and 3,5% died from TB. According to the analyzed data, homeless persons presents worst results when compared to the general citizens of Rio de Janeiro. Key messages Homeless persons presents worst TB and HIV results when compared to the general citizens of Rio de Janeiro. Study of witch social vulnerabilities are associated with this health conditions.

scholarly journals STRATEGY FOR EXTRACTION OF FOURSQUARE’S SOCIAL MEDIA GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION THROUGH DATA MINING

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Fernandez Costa ◽  
Irving da Silva Badolato ◽  
Rogério Luís Ribeiro Borba ◽  
Julia Celia Mercedes Strauch
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Data Filtering ◽  
Historic Sites ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City ◽  
South Zone ◽  
Janeiro City

Abstract This aim of this paper is the acquisition of geographic data from the Foursquare application, using data mining to perform exploratory and spatial analyses of the distribution of tourist attraction and their density distribution in Rio de Janeiro city. Thus, in accordance with the Extraction, Transformation, and Load methodology, three research algorithms were developed using a tree hierarchical structure to collect information for the categories of Museums, Monuments and Landmarks, Historic Sites, Scenic Lookouts, and Trails, in the foursquare database. Quantitative analysis was performed of check-ins per neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro city, and kernel density (hot spot) maps were generated The results presented in this paper show the need for the data filtering process - less than 50% of the mined data were used, and a large part of the density of the Museums, Historic Sites, and Monuments and Landmarks categories is in the center of the city; while the Scenic Lookouts and Trails categories predominate in the south zone. This kind of analysis was shown to be a tool to support the city's tourist management in relation to the spatial localization of these categories, the tourists’ evaluations of the places, and the frequency of the target public.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of pregnant women with syphilis in the city of Macaé, Rio de Janeiro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adail Orrith Liborio Neto ◽  
Juliane de Freitas Santos ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Ribeiro Goulart
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
The City

scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE OF Chlamydia trachomatis AMONGST ASYMPTOMATIC PREGNANT WOMEN IN FOUR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF DELTA STATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
H. T. Bamikole ◽  
I. B. Idemudia ◽  
E. E. Imariagbe ◽  
F. O. Ekhaise
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis among asymptomatic pregnant women in four Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Delta State, Nigeria was investigated in this study. The four LGAs were Ethiope West, Sapele, Warri South and Warri North. A total of 200 pregnant women who visited the Primary Health Care Centres for antenatal care aged between 16 and 45 years were sampled across the four LGAs comprising 50 pregnant women from each of the LGAs between October 2017 and February 2018. The women were categorized into six age groups: 16 – 20, 21 – 25, 26 – 30, 31 – 35, 36 – 40 and 41 – 45. Collected urine samples were examined in the laboratory for the presence of C. trachomatis using sedimentation and microscopy. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to identify the DNA of the isolated bacteria specimens. Results from the four LGAs showed that 93 pregnant women (46.5%) tested positive for C. trachomatis. Prevalence was highest in the subjects from Warri North LGA (27/93) (29.03%), while the least prevalent was the subjects from Warri South (19/93) (20.04%). Women aged 26 – 30 had the highest prevalence (38/93) (40.86%), while prevalence was least in women aged 41 – 45 (3/93) (3.23%). There was no significant difference in number of infected pregnant women in the four Local Government Areas (p>0.05). Findings from this study are important, considering the growing concern of cases of infertility and death of newborn. Thus, there is a need for sexually active men and women to embark on routine check up to ascertain their health status.

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