scholarly journals Genome‑wide identification and characterization of Transcription Factors of Basic Leucine Zipper Family in Malus domestica

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengrong Zhang ◽  
Haoran Cui ◽  
Shanshan Xing ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Xuesen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Basic Leucine Zipper ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Promoter Sequences ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Organ Specific Expression ◽  
Splicing Patterns

AbstractBasic leucine zipper proteins (bZIP) contain a basic DNA-binding region and a leucine zipper region, acting as transcriptional factors in regulation of gene expression exclusively in eukaryotes. In this investigation, total 116 bZIP members were identified in apple genome and mapped on all 17 chromosomes with various densities as M.bZIPs. All these members were divided into six groups according to the phylogenetic relationship combining with bZIPs from rice and Arabidopsis. Investigating gene structure of M.bZIPs, five splicing patterns of intron were found in the DNA-binging region with no splicing position and splicing positions at different nucleotide of codons or different positions. Analyzing of protein structure of M.bZIPs, twenty-five motifs were identified with certain characteristic in different phylogenetic groups. To predict dimerization of leucine zipper region, the key positions of amino acid in heptad(s) were investigated. The results showed that most M.bZIPs may form hetero-dimer or homo-dimer and some M.bZIPs may form both. Expression experiment revealed that M.bZIP genes have organ-specific expression and widely expressed in flowers, leaves, and fruits. To investigate the response of M.bZIPs to abiotic stresses, the promoter sequences of randomly selected M.bZIP genes were analyzed. Cis-acting elements related to multiple stresses were found existing widely in promoter sequences. Quantitative real-time PCR results further demonstrated that the expression of some M.bZIP genes were quite sensitive to exogenous abscisic acid and osmotic treatments.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the BZR Transcription Factor Gene Family in Nicotiana benthamiana

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10379
Author(s):  
Xuwei Chen ◽  
Xinyang Wu ◽  
Shiyou Qiu ◽  
Hongying Zheng ◽  
Yuwen Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Organ Specific Expression

Brassinazole-resistant (BZR) family genes encode plant-specific transcription factors (TFs), play essential roles in the regulation of plant growth and development, and have multiple stress-resistance functions. Nicotiana benthamiana is a model plant widely used in basic research. However, members of the BZR family in N. benthamiana have not been identified, and little is known about their function in abiotic stress. In this study, a total of 14 BZR members were identified in the N. benthamiana genome, which could be divided into four groups according to a phylogenetic tree. NbBZRs have similar exon-intron structures and conserved motifs, and may be regulated by cis-acting elements such as STRE, TCA, and ARE, etc. Organ-specific expression analysis showed that NbBZR members have different and diverse expression patterns in different tissues, and most of the members are expressed in roots, stems, and leaves. The analysis of the expression patterns in response to different abiotic stresses showed that all the tested NbBZR members showed a significant down-regulation after drought treatment. Many NbBZR genes also responded in various ways to cold, heat and salt stress treatments. The results imply that NbBZRs have multiple functions related to stress resistance.

scholarly journals Roles of the 14-3-3 gene family in cotton flowering

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Sang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Bin Ma ◽  
Xianzhong Huang ◽  
Lu Zhuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Structural Motif ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Basic Leucine Zipper ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract Background In plants, 14-3-3 proteins, also called GENERAL REGULATORY FACTORs (GRFs), encoded by a large multigene family, are involved in protein–protein interactions and play crucial roles in various physiological processes. No genome-wide analysis of the GRF gene family has been performed in cotton, and their functions in flowering are largely unknown. Results In this study, 17, 17, 31, and 17 GRF genes were identified in Gossypium herbaceum, G. arboreum, G. hirsutum, and G. raimondii, respectively, by genome-wide analyses and were designated as GheGRFs, GaGRFs, GhGRFs, and GrGRFs, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that these proteins were divided into ε and non-ε groups. Gene structural, motif composition, synteny, and duplicated gene analyses of the identified GRF genes provided insights into the evolution of this family in cotton. GhGRF genes exhibited diverse expression patterns in different tissues. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that the GhGRFs interacted with the cotton FLOWERING LOCUS T homologue GhFT in the cytoplasm and nucleus, while they interacted with the basic leucine zipper transcription factor GhFD only in the nucleus. Virus-induced gene silencing in G. hirsutum and transgenic studies in Arabidopsis demonstrated that GhGRF3/6/9/15 repressed flowering and that GhGRF14 promoted flowering. Conclusions Here, 82 GRF genes were identified in cotton, and their gene and protein features, classification, evolution, and expression patterns were comprehensively and systematically investigated. The GhGRF3/6/9/15 interacted with GhFT and GhFD to form florigen activation complexs that inhibited flowering. However, GhGRF14 interacted with GhFT and GhFD to form florigen activation complex that promoted flowering. The results provide a foundation for further studies on the regulatory mechanisms of flowering.

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