scholarly journals Rigid geometry solves “curse of dimensionality” effects in clustering methods: An application to omics data

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Adachi
Keyword(s):  
Boltzmann Distribution ◽  
Curse Of Dimensionality ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Expression Array ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
293 Cells

AbstractThe quality of samples preserved long term at ultralow temperatures has not been adequately studied. To improve our understanding, we need a strategy to analyze protein degradation and metabolism at subfreezing temperatures. To do this, we obtained liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) data of calculated protein signal intensities in HEK-293 cells. Our first attempt at directly clustering the values failed, most likely due to the so-called “curse of dimensionality”. The clusters were not reproducible, and the outputs differed with different methods. By utilizing rigid geometry with a prime ideal I-adic (p-adic) metric, however, we rearranged the sample clusters into a meaningful and reproducible order, and the results were the same with each of the different clustering methods tested. Furthermore, we have also succeeded in application of this method to expression array data in similar situations. Thus, we eliminated the “curse of dimensionality” from the data set, at least in clustering methods. It is possible that our approach determines a characteristic value of systems that follow a Boltzmann distribution.

Type I adenylyl cyclase functions as a coincidence detector for control of cyclic AMP response element-mediated transcription: synergistic regulation of transcription by Ca2+ and isoproterenol

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 8272-8281
Author(s):  
S Impey ◽  
G Wayman ◽  
Z Wu ◽  
D R Storm
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclase ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Studies carried out with mammals and invertebrates suggest that Ca(2+)-sensitive adenylyl cyclases may be important for neuroplasticity. Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus requires increases in intracellular Ca2+ which are accompanied by elevated cyclic AMP (cAMP). Furthermore, activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase is required for the late stage of long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, which is also sensitive to inhibitors of transcription. Therefore, some forms of synaptic plasticity may require coordinate regulation of transcription by Ca2+ and cAMP. In this study, we demonstrate that the expression of type I adenylyl cyclase in HEK-293 cells allows Ca2+ to stimulate reporter gene activity mediated through the cAMP response element. Furthermore, simultaneous activation by Ca2+ and isoproterenol caused synergistic stimulation of transcription in HEK-293 cells and cultured neurons. We propose that Ca2+ and neurotransmitter stimulation of type I adenylyl cyclase may play a role in synaptic plasticity by generating optimal cAMP signals for regulation of transcription.

Quality of care reported by proxies – Does resident cognition count?

Dementia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 2543-2555
Author(s):  
Anja Kahanpää ◽  
Anja Noro ◽  
Marja-Leena Perälä
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Proxy Reports ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Care Information

Resident self-reports are considered the primary source of quality of care information, but proxy reports by family or staff can also be used to supplement or substitute resident reports. This study analyses how the results of proxy reports vary according to residents’ cognition level. The data set used covers proxy reports of family ( n = 558) and staff ( n = 801), divided by the availability of resident self-reports (family yes n = 289, no n = 269; staff yes 393, no = 408). Family and staff proxies assessed residents’ quality of care as better when resident self-reports were also available, and quality of care tended to be assessed as poorer among those with higher cognitive decline. The results of this methodological study indicate the importance of using several proxy evaluations; however, these can only supplement resident self-reports, not replace them. The interpretation rules acknowledging dependency between residents’ cognition and proxy assessments could be used as a basis for future comparisons of quality improvement in long-term care and for painting a more comprehensive picture of service quality.

scholarly journals BETTER LIVING THROUGH TECH: TECHNOLOGY-MEDIATED RECREATION AND LONG-TERM CARE FACILITY RESIDENTS’ QUALITY OF LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S442-S442
Author(s):  
Ethan A McMahan ◽  
Marion Godoy ◽  
Abiola Awosanya ◽  
Robert Winningham ◽  
Charles De Vilmorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Term Care Facility ◽  
Long Term Care Facility ◽  
Care Facilities

Abstract Empirical research on long-term care facility resident engagement has consistently indicated that increased engagement is associated with more positive clinical outcomes and increased quality of life. The current study adds to this existing literature by documenting the positive effects of technologically-mediated recreational programing on quality of life and medication usage in aged residents living in long-term care facilities. Technologically-mediated recreational programming was defined as recreational programming that was developed, implemented, and /or monitored using software platforms dedicated specifically for these types of activities. This study utilized a longitudinal design and was part of a larger project examining quality of life in older adults. A sample of 272 residents from three long-term care facilities in Toronto, Ontario participated in this project. Resident quality of life was assessed at multiple time points across a span of approximately 12 months, and resident engagement in recreational programming was monitored continuously during this twelve-month period. Quality of life was measured using the Resident Assessment Instrument Minimum Data Set Version 2.0. Number of pharmacological medication prescriptions received during the twelve-month study period was also assessed. Descriptive analyses indicated that, in general, resident functioning tended to decrease over time. However, when controlling for age, gender, and baseline measures of resident functioning, engagement in technologically-mediated recreational programming was positively associated with several indicators of quality of life. The current findings thus indicate that engagement in technology-mediated recreational programming is associated with increased quality of life of residents in long-term care facilities.

scholarly journals An improved NO<sub>2</sub> retrieval for the GOME-2 satellite instrument

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Richter ◽  
M. Begoin ◽  
A. Hilboll ◽  
J. P. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Pass

Abstract. Satellite observations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) provide valuable information on both stratospheric and tropospheric composition. Nadir measurements from GOME, SCIAMACHY, OMI, and GOME-2 have been used in many studies on tropospheric NO2 burdens, the importance of different NOx emissions sources and their change over time. The observations made by the three GOME-2 instruments will extend the existing data set by more than a decade, and a high quality of the data as well as their good consistency with existing time series is of particular importance. In this paper, an improved GOME-2 NO2 retrieval is described which reduces the scatter of the individual NO2 columns globally but in particular in the region of the Southern Atlantic Anomaly. This is achieved by using a larger fitting window including more spectral points, and by applying a two step spike removal algorithm in the fit. The new GOME-2 data set is shown to have good consistency with SCIAMACHY NO2 columns. Remaining small differences are shown to be linked to changes in the daily solar irradiance measurements used in both GOME-2 and SCIAMACHY retrievals. In the large retrieval window, a not previously identified spectral signature was found which is linked to deserts and other regions with bare soil. Inclusion of this empirically derived pseudo cross-section significantly improves the retrievals and potentially provides information on surface properties and desert aerosols. Using the new GOME-2 NO2 data set, a long-term average of tropospheric columns was computed and high-pass filtered. The resulting map shows evidence for pollution from several additional shipping lanes, not previously identified in satellite observations. This illustrates the excellent signal to noise ratio achievable with the improved GOME-2 retrievals.

Long-Term and Seasonal Aspects of the Water Quality of the River Danube within the Region of Vienna (Austria)

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch Ludwig ◽  
H. Ranner ◽  
G. Kavka ◽  
W. Kohi ◽  
U. Humpesch
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
River Danube ◽  
Seasonal Aspects

Data on water quality variables from 1968 to 1987 are analyzed statistically. The long-terra changes of five selected variables for the section of the River Danube at Vienna are investigated at four different sampling sites, two upstream and two downstream from Vienna. The influence of the efforts made to reduce wastewater inputs within the catchment area at Vienna were examined. Another objective was to obtain information about seasonal fluctuations at one selected sampling site. The quality of the data set is discussed with regard to the practical applicability of the results and suggestions are given for data collection.

scholarly journals An improved NO<sub>2</sub> retrieval for the GOME-2 satellite instrument

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Richter ◽  
M. Begoin ◽  
A. Hilboll ◽  
J. P. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Pass

Abstract. Satellite observations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) provide valuable information on both stratospheric and tropospheric composition. Nadir measurements from GOME, SCIAMACHY, OMI, and GOME-2 have been used in many studies on tropospheric NO2 burdens, the importance of different NOx emissions sources and their change over time. The observations made by the three GOME-2 instruments will extend the existing data set by more than a decade, and a high quality of the data as well as their good consistency with existing time series is of high importance. In this paper, an improved GOME-2 NO2 retrieval is described which reduces the scatter of the individual NO2 columns globally but in particular in the region of the Southern Atlantic Anomaly. This is achieved by using a larger fitting window including more spectral points, and by applying a two step spike removal algorithm in the fit. The new GOME-2 data set is shown to have good consistency with SCIAMACHY NO2 columns. Remaining small differences are shown to be linked to changes in the daily solar irradiance measurements used in both GOME-2 and SCIAMACHY retrievals. In the large retrieval window, a not previously identified spectral signature was found which is linked to deserts and other regions with bare soil. Inclusion of this empirically derived pseudo cross-section significantly improves the retrievals and potentially provides information on surface properties and desert aerosols. Using the new GOME-2 NO2 data set, a long-term average of tropospheric columns was computed and high-pass filtered. The resulting map shows evidence for pollution from several additional shipping lanes, not previously identified in satellite observations. This illustrates the excellent signal to noise ratio achievable with the improved GOME-2 retrievals.

scholarly journals Long-Term Joint Operation of Cascade Reservoirs Using Enhanced Progressive Optimality Algorithm and Dynamic Programming Hybrid Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Chen
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Reservoir Operation ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Curse Of Dimensionality ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Optimality Algorithm

Abstract Dynamic programming (DP) is one of the most classical methods adopted for reservoir operation. It reduces the computational efforts of complex high-dimensional problems by piecewise dimensionality reduction and provides the global optimums of the problems, but it suffers the “curse of dimensionality”. Progressive optimality algorithm (POA) has been used repeatedly in reservoir operation studies during last decades because it alleviates the “curse of dimensionality” of DP and has good convergence and extensive applicability. Nonetheless, POA encounters two difficulties in multi-reservoir operation applications. One is the transfer interrupt problem that makes the search procedure hard to achieve free allocation of water between two nonadjacent stages, and the latter is the dimensionality problem that leads to a low convergence rate. In order to overcome these deficiencies, this paper makes some enhancements to POA and proposes a hybrid approach combining the enhanced POA and DP (EPOA-DP) for long-term operation of cascade reservoir systems. In EPOA-DP, EPOA is employed to improve the quality of the solutions and DP is used to reduce the computational effort of the two-stage problem solution. The proposed approach was tested using a real world four-reservoir cascade system and a ten-reservoir benchmark test example, and the results demonstrate that it outperforms POA both in computational time and quality of the solution.

scholarly journals Relationship between environmental factors and responsive behaviours in long-term care homes: a secondary data analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e047364
Author(s):  
Kelsey Holt ◽  
Matthias Hoben ◽  
Lori Weeks ◽  
Carole Estabrooks
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Data Set

ObjectiveResponsive behaviours (eg, wandering, resisting care and verbal abuse) are a continuing issue for staff and individuals living in long-term care (LTC) homes. The LTC environment can influence responsive behaviours and is a factor in determining the quality of life for those living there. The ways in which the quality of the environment might influence responsive behaviours has not been investigated yet. We hypothesised that better quality environments would be associated with reduced rates of responsive behaviours. We used a tool that simultaneously encompasses human and structural elements of the environment, a novel approach in this field of research.DesignCross-sectional study, using data collected from September 2014 to May 2015 as part of the Translating Research in Elder Care research programme.SettingA representative, stratified (size, owner-operator model and health region) random sample of 76 LTC homes in British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba.Participants13 224 individuals (67.3% females) living in participating LTC homes.Outcome measuresQuality of care unit work environment was assessed using the observable indicators of quality (OIQ) tool. Responsive behaviours were assessed using routinely collected Resident Assessment Instrument-Minimum Data Set V.2.0 data.ResultsAdjusted regression coefficients of overall Aggressive Behaviour Scale score and interpersonal communication were 0.02 (95% CI −0.011 to 0.045), grooming 0.06 (95% CI −0.032 to 0.157), environment-basics 0.067 (95% CI 0.024 to 0.110), odour −0.066 (95% CI −0.137 to −0.004), care delivery −0.007 (95% CI −0.033 to 0.019), environment-access −0.027 (95% CI −0.062 to 0.007), environment-homelike −0.034 (95% CI −0.065 to −0.002) and total OIQ score 0.003 (95% CI −0.004 to 0.010).ConclusionsWe found small associations between the environmental quality and responsive behaviours in Western Canadian LTC homes. Higher scores on homelikeness were associated with decreased responsive behaviours. Higher scores on basic environmental quality were associated with increased responsive behaviours.

Introduction

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebbe Nielsen ◽  
Rolf Oberprieler
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
International Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Eucalyptus Forest ◽  
Great Insight ◽  
Term Field

In this brief review we outline the contribution of Dr J. F. Lawrence to a major long-term field experiment in the southeast forests of NSW that examines the effect of habitat fragmentation on beetles. Dr J. F. Lawrence identified and curated the beetle fauna, which proved to be a significant and long-term commitment. The beetle data set has since provided great insight to the complex effects of habitat fragmentation. In addition, the size and quality of the data set mean that, on an international level, it is a major inventory of beetle diversity in a temperate Eucalyptus forest, in its own right. Here we outline Dr J. F. Lawrence’s contribution and summarise the main features of the beetle data set and our findings about the impacts of fragmentation on the beetle fauna.

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