scholarly journals On the bioconversion of dietary carotenoids to astaxanthin and its distribution in the marine copepod, Tigriopus californicus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Weaver ◽  
Paul A. Cobine ◽  
Geoffrey E. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Model System ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Tigriopus Californicus ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Marine Copepod ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Carotenoid Coloration ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Ideal Model System ◽  
Red Coloration

AbstractRed carotenoid-based coloration is widely distributed across marine and terrestrial animals and has taken a prominent role in studies of how phenotypic traits evolve in response to natural and sexual selection. Key to these studies is an understanding of the physiological mechanisms that give rise to red coloration, yet an ideal model system for such work has not been identified. The red marine copepod Tigriopus californicus is used as a model system for studies in ecotoxicology, genetics, and physiology, but the mechanisms involved in its bright red coloration have not been well studied. Like nearly all animals that display red carotenoid coloration, T. californicus likely convert yellow carotenoids present in their algal diet to red carotenoids. We conducted precursor/product feeding experiments to demonstrate that T. californicus bioconverts dietary carotenoids to the red carotenoid, astaxanthin. In separate treatment groups, copepods were fed carotenoids that are precursors to specific astaxanthin bioconversion pathways. We found that copepods from each precursor pigment group produced astaxanthin, and that the amount produced depended on which carotenoid was supplemented. We also describe the distribution of astaxanthin in developing egg sacs and show that the red color of the naupliar eyespot is not due to astaxanthin. We briefly discuss the potential of Tigriopus californicus to serve as a model system for the study of carotenoid metabolism in animals.

An experimental test of mate choice for red carotenoid coloration in the marine copepod Tigriopus californicus

Ethology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-352
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Powers ◽  
Geoffrey E. Hill ◽  
Ryan J. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Tigriopus Californicus ◽  
Marine Copepod ◽  
Carotenoid Coloration

An improved method of diet preparation for toxicological feeding experiments

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Morrissey ◽  
W. P. Norred
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Animal Feeding

Groups of 30 rats each were fed 1 of 4 diets to determine feeding preference for freeze-dried meal compared to dry meal, and to determine if 3% agar is a desirable component of freeze-dried meal. The diets were: dry meal, meal+distilled water(freeze-dried), meal+3% agar in distilled water(freeze-dried), and meal+3% agar in distilled water(gel). Diet preparation, and the method for introducing a toxin in a toxicological study, is described. Feed consumption, bodyweight, and observational data were collected. Rats ate freeze-dried meal in amounts comparable to dry meal. There were no significant variations in feed conversion ratios among the dietary treatment groups. Agar is not required for freeze-dried diets, and we recommend that it be omitted to save resources and preparation time. Freeze-dried diets have a longer storage and cage life, thus the frequency of diet preparation, animal feeding and dean-up arc reduced. For studies involving a toxin, these factors would reduce the potential for accidental exposure of personnel to potentially harmful materials.

scholarly journals Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model System To Assess Candida glabrata, Candida nivariensis, and Candida bracarensis Virulence and Antifungal Efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainara Hernando-Ortiz ◽  
Estibaliz Mateo ◽  
Marcelo Ortega-Riveros ◽  
Iker De-la-Pinta ◽  
Guillermo Quindós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Model System ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Host Fungus ◽  
Candida Bracarensis ◽  
Candida Nivariensis

ABSTRACT Although Candida albicans remains the major etiological agent of invasive candidiasis, Candida glabrata and other emerging species of Candida are increasingly isolated. This species is the second most prevalent cause of candidiasis in many regions of the world. However, clinical isolates of Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis can be misidentified and are underdiagnosed due to phenotypic traits shared with C. glabrata. Little is known about the two cryptic species. Therefore, pathogenesis studies are needed to understand their virulence traits and their susceptibility to antifungal drugs. The susceptibility of Caenorhabditis elegans to different Candida species makes this nematode an excellent model for assessing host-fungus interactions. We evaluated the usefulness of C. elegans as a nonconventional host model to analyze the virulence of C. glabrata, C. nivariensis, and C. bracarensis. The three species caused candidiasis, and the highest virulence of C. glabrata was confirmed. Furthermore, we determined the efficacy of current antifungal drugs against the infection caused by these species in the C. elegans model. Amphotericin B and azoles showed the highest activity against C. glabrata and C. bracarensis infections, while echinocandins were more active for treating those caused by C. nivariensis. C. elegans proved to be a useful model system for assessing the pathogenicity of these closely related species.

scholarly journals Alternatives to increase the red color of the peel in ‘Daiane’ and ‘Venice’ apples

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristhian Leonardo Fenili ◽  
José Luiz Petri ◽  
Cristiano André Steffens ◽  
Mariuccia Schlichting de Martin ◽  
Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Apple Peels ◽  
Red Coloration

Abstract This study aimed evaluate the effect of biostimulants, foliar fertilizers and ethephon on the red color in the peel of ‘Daiane’ and ‘Venice’ apples. The experiments were conducted in Caçador/SC, during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons. In 2015/2016, the treatments were: Control; Biostimulant I; Foliar fertilizer I + Foliar fertilizer II; Biostimulant II and KCl. In 2016/2017, was included the Ethephon treatment. In 2016/2017, Biostimulant I, Foliar fertilizer I + Foliar fertilizer II and Biostimulant II increased the percentage of ‘Daiane’ and ‘Venice’ apples with greater red peel cover, without affecting the quality and maturity of the fruits. In both cultivars, ethephon was treatment that promoted a higher percentage of apples in the category above 80% of red color. Ethephon increased red color intensity of ‘Daiane’ and ‘Venice’ apples, anthocyanin content, starch index, ethylene production and yellowing of background color of the fruits. The red coloration of ‘Venice’ apple peels is enhanced with ethephon, Biostimulant I and Foliar fertilizer I + Foliar fertilizer II and Daiane apples with ethephon, Foliar fertilizer I + Foliar fertilizer II and Biostimulant II.

Isolation and characterization of cytochrome c from the marine copepod Tigriopus californicus

Gene ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 248 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Rawson ◽  
Daniel A. Brazeau ◽  
Ronald S. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Tigriopus Californicus ◽  
Marine Copepod ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

scholarly journals Applications of immunocolloids in light microscopy. IV. Use of photochemical silver staining in a simple and efficient double-staining technique.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1247-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Manigley ◽  
J Roth
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Silver Staining ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Gold Complex ◽  
Double Staining ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Gold Immunolocalization ◽  
Red Coloration

We report the development of a new light-microscopic double-staining technique using colloidal gold as sole marker. The contrasting color to the red of colloidal gold is achieved by the application of photochemical silver reaction. The silver reaction, which is principally performed at the end of the first staining sequence, converts the red color of a gold-labeled reagent into black. This contrasts clearly with the red coloration that results from the second incubation sequence without silver reaction. For antigen double staining, the same protein A-gold complex can be used to provide the black and the red color, thus rendering the technique very economical. Alternatively, combination of protein A-gold immunolocalization and lectin-gold staining is possible, as is combined lectin-gold staining.

scholarly journals 811 PB 196 FOLIAR VARIATIONS IN FALL COLOR DEVELOPMENT AMONG FIVE PLANT SPECIES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 549d-549
Author(s):  
Suman Singha ◽  
Bernard Bible ◽  
Edward Corbett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Euonymus Alatus ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Marked Location ◽  
Red Coloration

Variations in the pattern of fall color development in the leaves of Acer rubrum, Acer saccharum, Quercus coccinea, Oxydendrum arboreum and Euonymus alatus were determined. CIELAB coordinates were measured with a Minolta CR-2000b calorimeter at a marked location on 5 tagged leaves from 2 plants of each species. The changes in hue follow similar trends in these species, but the time of onset varies. Onset of red color development increased variability in hue between leaves of the same species. Based on color changes in E. alatus anthocyanin development occurs prior to significant loss of chlorophyll and red coloration remains masked, whereas in A. rubrum anthocyanin development occurs in association with or following the loss of chlorophyll. This results in differences in the pattern of hue and chroma development between these species.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic Evaluation and Foliage Color Inheritance within Interspecific Begonia Inbreds

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 814B-814
Author(s):  
Yue Sun ◽  
Lowell C. Ewart
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Line ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Commercial Value ◽  
Red Coloration

A dominant gene, R, is hypothesized to control the red underfoliage color inheritance in tetraploid fibrous-rooted Begonia × semperflorens-cultorum. This dominant gene R is considered to also affect the intensity of the foliage color, with RRRR and RRRr giving dark red color on the underside of the leaves. The combination of RRrr and Rrrr gives intermediate red coloration, and homozygous recessive rrrr gives all green foliage. A homozygous RRRR inbred line is being test-crossed for potential commercial value. Cytological investigations of hybrids and inbreds derived from species crosses are ongoing. The results will be presented.

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