scholarly journals Not all animals are equal - farm living and allergy in Upper Bavaria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Wjst
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Immune Response ◽  
Asthma And Allergy ◽  
Lower Infection ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Cattle Farms

AbstractBackgroundA lower allergy and asthma prevalence in farm children has been described three decades ago in Switzerland.ObjectiveAfter years of research into bacterial exposure at farms, the origin of the farm effect is still unknown. We now hypothesize, that there is no such an effect in large industrial cattle farms with slatted floors indoors but in small farms only where animals are grazing outdoors and are having a higher endoparasite load.MethodsWe re-analyze an earlier epidemiological study by record-linkage to later agricultural surveys. The Asthma and Allergy Study in 1989/90 was a cross-sectional study of 1714 ten year old children in 63 villages covering ten different districts of Upper Bavaria. The farm effect is defined here as the association of number of cows per villager on lifetime prevalence of allergic rhinitis prevalence in the children of this village.ResultsThe farm effect is restricted to small villages only. Furthermore, districts with higher Fasciola infection rates of cows, show a significant stronger farm effect than districts with lower infection rates.ConclusionsThe results warrant further research into human immune response to endoparasites in livestock.

scholarly journals Asthma prevalence, lung and cardiovascular function in adolescents born preterm

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Arroyas ◽  
Cristina Calvo ◽  
Santiago Rueda ◽  
Maria Esquivias ◽  
Cristina Gonzalez-Menchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Function ◽  
Current Asthma ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Very Preterm

AbstractOur main objective was to study respiratory evolution and pulmonary and cardiac function in adolescents born preterm in the post-surfactant era. Observational cross-sectional study, comparing very preterm (< 32 weeks) and moderately-late preterm adolescents (≥ 32 weeks) (74 each group). We recorded respiratory symptoms, spirometry and functional echocardiogram. Very preterm adolescents required more respiratory admissions (45.9% vs. 28.4%) (p = 0.03, OR 2.1, CI95% 1.1–4.2) and had more current asthma (21.6% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.04, OR 2.3, CI95% 1.1–5.2). Preterm subjects with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) presented lower FEV1 (88.7 ± 13.9 vs. 95.9 ± 13.3, p = 0.027) and lower FVC (88.2 ± 13.6 vs. 95.5 ± 13.3, p = 0.025). When assessing right ventricle, very preterm showed a greater E/E’ ratio (p = 0.02) and longer myocardial performance index (MPI) (p = 0.001). Adolescents with IUGR showed less shortening fraction (p = 0.016), worse E/E′ ratio (p = 0.029) and longer MPI (p = 0.06). Regarding left ventricle, very preterm showed less E′ wave velocity (p = 0.03), greater E/E′ ratio (p = 0.005) and longer MPI (p < 0.001). Gestational age < 32 weeks is independently associated with current asthma in adolescence. Children 13–14 years old born very preterm required more respiratory admissions and had poorer diastolic and global function of both ventricles. IUGR is a risk factor for poorer lung function in preterm adolescents, regardless gestational age.

scholarly journals Community violence and childhood asthma prevalence in peripheral neighborhoods in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme da Costa Alves ◽  
Darci Neves Santos ◽  
Caroline Alves Feitosa ◽  
Mauricio Lima Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Exposure To Community Violence

This study aimed to identify degrees of exposure to community violence reported by parents and guardians of children from four to 12 years of age and the association with childhood asthma symptoms. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,232 parents/guardians in 24 peripheral neighborhoods in Salvador, the capital of Bahia State, Brazil. The authors investigated asthma symptoms in children and acts of violence in the community. More than 75% of parents/guardians had been exposed to community violence in the previous year, with 20% reporting high levels of exposure. Children that were more exposed to violence showed higher asthma prevalence (28.4%) as compared to non-exposed children (16.4%). Children exposed to maximum levels of violence were nearly twice as likely to present asthma symptoms (adjusted OR = 1.94; 95%CI: 1.12-3.36). The study highlighted the relevance of community violence as a risk factor for asthma and the need for further research to elucidate methodological issues.

scholarly journals Risks and Benefits of Green Spaces for Children: A Cross-Sectional Study of Associations with Sedentary Behavior, Obesity, Asthma, and Allergy

2014 ◽  
Vol 122 (12) ◽  
pp. 1329-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Dadvand ◽  
Cristina M. Villanueva ◽  
Laia Font-Ribera ◽  
David Martinez ◽  
Xavier Basagaña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Asthma And Allergy

scholarly journals Epidemiology of malaria in Al-Tameem Province, Iraq, 1991-2000

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1047
Author(s):  
M. A. A. Kadir ◽  
A. K. M. Ismail ◽  
S. S. Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vivax Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malarial Infection

To determine the rates of malarial infection in different areas of Al-Tameem province, we conducted a cross-sectional study from 1991 to 2000. We found an overall infection rate of 0.76% by Plasmodium vivax. Infection rates were highest in Dibis district [1.12%], followed by infections from outside the province [0.93%] and in Hawija district [0.89%], Kirkuk [0.62%] and Dakok [0.17%]. Rates of infection varied by year with the lowest rate in 1991 [0.02%] and the highest rate in 1996 [1.84%]. All ages were represented, with the highest rate of infection among 21-30-year-olds. Males had a slightly higher rate of infection [0.78%] than females [0.73%]

scholarly journals Asthma prevalence and risk factors among children and adolescents living around an industrial area: a cross-sectional study

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Ripabelli ◽  
Manuela Tamburro ◽  
Michela Lucia Sammarco ◽  
Guglielmo de Laurentiis ◽  
Andrea Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Contraceptive Use among sexually active reproductive age HIV Positive Women Attending ART Clinic at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
tilksew ayalew ◽  
Tilahun Tewabe ◽  
Abdulhakim Abdanur ◽  
Demoze Jenbere ◽  
Mastewal Ayehu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital ◽  
Human Immune

Abstract Background: Contraception helps prevent unintended pregnancies and mother to child Human Immune Virus (HIV) transmission among human immune virus positive women. Ethiopia has made remarkable progress in increasing contraceptive use rate but there is still a disparity of contraceptive use in the country. Understanding the extent of and barriers of contraceptive use among HIV positive women in Ethiopia is important for learning how to best improve level of contraceptive use among this group of population. Therefore, this study aimed to determine contraceptives use and associated factors among HIV positive sexually active women at anti-retroviral therapy clinic at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital ART clinic in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.Method: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 01-30, 2018 among (n=308) randomly selected HIV positive women at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version20. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify determinants of contraceptive use. Statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05.Results: Out of three hundred eight participants, 118(38.3%) reported contraceptive use at the time of the study. Injectable is the most preferred (43.5%) contraceptive method. Participants with age 15-34 years (AOR =3.09, 95%CI: 1.59-5.99), disclosed their status to sex partner, (AOR=2.7, 95%CI: 1.14-6.66), had history of contraception use; (AOR=3.36, 95%CI: 1.68-6.74), were sexually active in the last six months (AOR=5.45, 95%CI: 2.72-10.91) had higher odds of contraceptive use. However, participants who had drinking habit (AOR=4.35, 95%CI: 1.82-10.38) had lower odds of contraceptive use.Conclusion: A significant proportion of HIV positive women had low level of contraceptive use that was lower than the national recommended level. These results suggest that multi-sectorial and multi-disciplinary approaches are needed to increase contraceptive use in the HIV positive women. Emphasis should be given for HIV positive women who have drinking habit and older age women.

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