scholarly journals Epidemiology of malaria in Al-Tameem Province, Iraq, 1991-2000

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1047
Author(s):  
M. A. A. Kadir ◽  
A. K. M. Ismail ◽  
S. S. Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vivax Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malarial Infection

To determine the rates of malarial infection in different areas of Al-Tameem province, we conducted a cross-sectional study from 1991 to 2000. We found an overall infection rate of 0.76% by Plasmodium vivax. Infection rates were highest in Dibis district [1.12%], followed by infections from outside the province [0.93%] and in Hawija district [0.89%], Kirkuk [0.62%] and Dakok [0.17%]. Rates of infection varied by year with the lowest rate in 1991 [0.02%] and the highest rate in 1996 [1.84%]. All ages were represented, with the highest rate of infection among 21-30-year-olds. Males had a slightly higher rate of infection [0.78%] than females [0.73%]

scholarly journals Cross sectional study reveals a high percentage of asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax infection in the Amazon Rio Negro area, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha C. Suárez-Mutis ◽  
Patricia Cuervo ◽  
Fabiana M.S. Leoratti ◽  
Sandra L. Moraes-Avila ◽  
Antonio Walter Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Vivax Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Endemic Malaria ◽  
High Prevalence

A parasitological, clinical, serological and molecular cross-sectional study carried out in a highly endemic malaria area of Rio Negro in the Amazon State, Brazil, revealed a high prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax infection. A total of 109 persons from 25 families were studied in five villages. Ninety-nine inhabitants (90.8%) had at least one previous episode of malaria. Serology showed 85.7% and 46.9% of positivity when P. falciparum antigens and P. vivax MSP-1, respectively, were used. Twenty blood samples were PCR positive for P. vivax (20.4%) and no P. falciparum infection was evidenced by this technique. No individual presenting positive PCR reaction had clinical malaria during the survey neither in the six months before nor after, confirming that they were cases of asymptomatic infection. Only one 12 year old girl presented a positive thick blood smear for P. vivax. This is the first description of asymptomatic Plasmodium infection in this area studied.

scholarly journals Association between COVID-19 infection rates by region and implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions: A cross-sectional study in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Anan ◽  
Tomohiro Ishimaru ◽  
Ayako Hino ◽  
Tomohisa Nagata ◽  
Seiichiro Tateishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Local Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Background: During a pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) play an important role in protecting oneself from infection and preventing the spread of infection to others. There are large regional differences in COVID-19 infection rates in Japan. We hypothesized that the local infection incidence may affect adherence to individual NPIs. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted online among full-time workers in Japan in December 2020. Data from a total of 27,036 participants were analyzed. The questionnaire asked the respondents to identify their habits regarding seven well-known NPIs. Results: Compared to the region with the lowest infection rate, the odds ratios for the region with the highest infection rate were 1.24 (p<0.001) for wearing a mask in public, 1.08 (p=0.157) for washing hands after using the bathroom, 1.17 (p=0.031) for disinfecting hands with alcohol sanitizers when entering indoors, 1.54 (p<0.001) for gargling when returning home, 1.45 (p<0.001) for ventilating the room, 1.33 (p<0.001) for disinfecting or washing hands after touching frequently touched surfaces, and 1.32 (p<0.001) for carrying alcohol sanitizers when outdoors. Five of the seven NPIs showed statistically significant trends across regional infection levels, the two exceptions being wearing a mask in public and washing hands after using the bathroom. Multivariate adjustment did not change these trends. Conclusions: This study found that NPIs were more prevalent in regions with higher incidence rates of COVID-19 in Japanese workers. The findings suggest that the implementation of NPIs was influenced not only by personal attributes but also by contextual effects of the local infection level.

Platelet Alteration in Plasmodium vivax Malaria Patients in Thailand

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mohammand Sami Hayat ◽  
Polrat Wilairatana ◽  
Noppadon Tangpukdee ◽  
Srivicha Krudsood ◽  
Nalinrat Wilairat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Platelet Transfusion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria ◽  
Global Health Problem

Introduction: Malaria remains a global health problem. Malaria is often linked to thrombocytopenia as well as other hematological variations. Objective: The aim of this study is to find the platelet changes in Plasmodium vivax malaria patients. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 204 malaria patients admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand. Results: Thrombocytopenia (<150x103/µl) was seen in 170(83.3%) patients with a mean (SD) of 101x103/µl (56.5). Mild (150x103/µl-50x103/µl), moderate (50x103/µl-20x103/µl) and severe (<20x103/µl) thrombocytopenia were seen in 141 (69.1%), 25 (12.2%) and 4 (2%) patients respectively. None of these patients with thrombocytopenia showed any sign of bleeding or required platelet transfusion. Conclusion: This study showed thrombocytopenia as a classic feature of vivax malaria presenting more than 80% of cases. In patients with profoundly low thrombocyte counts there was no manifestation of bleeding nor was any platelet transfusion required.

scholarly journals The Hematological Alteration of Patients Parasitized by Plasmodium vivax

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 637-643
Author(s):  
Manas KOTEPUI ◽  
Bhukdee PHUNPHUECH ◽  
Nuoil PHIWKLAM ◽  
Kwuntida UTHAISAR
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vivax Infection ◽  
P Value ◽  
Laboratory Unit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Tak Province ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Large Sections

Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax has placed huge burdens on the health, longevity, and general prosperity of large sections of the human population. In this study, the clinical profiles of patients infected with P. vivax in western Thailand were analyzed. A retrospective cross-sectional study of malaria cases resulting in hospitalization between 2013 and 2015 was collected. Clinical characteristics, diagnoses, and parasitological results on admission, age, and gender were mined from medical records at the laboratory unit, Phop Phra Hospital, located in endemic areas of Tak Province, Thailand. The results revealed that patients infected with P. vivax (276 cases) showed high monocyte counts during the initial stage of infection and continuously lower counts during the later stage of infection (p = 0.021). Low basophil counts during the initial stage of infection and continuously higher counts during the later stage of infection were also found (p = 0.033). Patients with many stages of P. vivax showed lower lymphocyte and basophil counts (p value = 0.011, 0.01), respectively. In conclusion, this study indicated the hematological alteration of patients infected with P. vivax. Alterations of monocyte and basophil counts during different stages of P. vivax infection were frequently found. In addition, many stages of P. vivax in the blood of patients were associated with lower lymphocyte counts. This information contributes to a better understanding of the pathological characteristics of P. vivax infection.

scholarly journals Not all animals are equal - farm living and allergy in Upper Bavaria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Wjst
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Immune Response ◽  
Asthma And Allergy ◽  
Lower Infection ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Cattle Farms

AbstractBackgroundA lower allergy and asthma prevalence in farm children has been described three decades ago in Switzerland.ObjectiveAfter years of research into bacterial exposure at farms, the origin of the farm effect is still unknown. We now hypothesize, that there is no such an effect in large industrial cattle farms with slatted floors indoors but in small farms only where animals are grazing outdoors and are having a higher endoparasite load.MethodsWe re-analyze an earlier epidemiological study by record-linkage to later agricultural surveys. The Asthma and Allergy Study in 1989/90 was a cross-sectional study of 1714 ten year old children in 63 villages covering ten different districts of Upper Bavaria. The farm effect is defined here as the association of number of cows per villager on lifetime prevalence of allergic rhinitis prevalence in the children of this village.ResultsThe farm effect is restricted to small villages only. Furthermore, districts with higher Fasciola infection rates of cows, show a significant stronger farm effect than districts with lower infection rates.ConclusionsThe results warrant further research into human immune response to endoparasites in livestock.

ICU ward design and nosocomial infection rates: a cross-sectional study in Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stiller ◽  
C. Schröder ◽  
A. Gropmann ◽  
F. Schwab ◽  
M. Behnke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Treatment efficacy and re-infection rates of soil-transmitted helminths following mebendazole treatment in schoolchildren, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke ◽  
Abebe Genetu Bayih ◽  
Solomon Afework ◽  
John S. Gilleard
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Treatment Data

Abstract Background Transmission of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection remains high in Ethiopia. This study aimed at assessing the therapeutic efficacy of mebendazole against soil-transmitted helminths and determining the re-infection rates of the parasites among schoolchildren in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Stool specimens were examined using direct wet mount microscopy and Kato-Katz methods. Schoolchildren who tested positive for soil-transmitted helminths were treated with 500 mg single-dose of mebendazole. Cure and egg reduction rates were evaluated 2 to 3 weeks post treatment. Moreover, the re-infection rate of these parasites among those who were cured was determined 1 year after treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result A drug efficacy study was conducted on 62, 52, and 14 children infected by Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides), hookworm, and Trichuris trichiura (T. trichiura), respectively. The cure rates (CR) of mebendazole against A. lumbricoides, hookworm, and T. trichiura were found to be 96.9%, 23.1%, and, 28.6%, respectively. The egg reduction rate (ERR) of A. lumbricoides was found to be 99.6% whereas 49.6% and 56.3% were reported for hookworm and T. trichiura, respectively. Eighty schoolchildren who were treated and cured from any STH infections were included for the determination of re-infection rate. Out of 80 children, 36.3% (29/80) were found to be re-infected after 1 year: 22 (75.9%), 6 (20.7%), and 1 (1.3%) of study participants were re-infected with A. lumbricoides, hookworm, and both infections, respectively. All re-infections were grouped under the “light infection” category. Conclusion Mebendazole was found to be highly effective against A. lumbricoides, but had relatively low efficacy against hookworms and T. trichiura. These results bring into question the use of mebendazole in STH mass drug administration (MDA) programs in this region if albendazole, a drug with higher efficacy against hookworms, is available. Moreover, a significant number of treated children were re-infected with either or both of A. lumbricoides or hookworms 1 year after treatment emphasizing the need for better integrated intestinal helminthiasis control measures.

scholarly journals Detection of Syphilis among HIV patients in Khartoum 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-142
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: Co-infection of syphilis and AIDS as profound implications for the African American community. Co-infection rates of syphilis and AIDS are not widely reported in Sudan and no local guidelines regarding the screening of STIs in people living with HIV exist. Aim: To detect the frequency of syphilis among HIV patients in Khartoum state 2019. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in HIV clinic at Khartoum state during September-November 22019. By using RPR and ELISA technique to detect Antibodies against T. pallidium infection among 90 HIV infected patients. Result: Seventeen participants (18.9%) had a confirmed positive result for syphilis. Sixty four percent of patients were males. Conclusion: The HIV patients in Khartoum state have low frequency of syphilis infection.

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