Clockwise and counterclockwise hysteresis characterize state changes in the same aquatic ecosystem

Incremental increases in a driver variable, such as nutrients or detritus, can trigger abrupt shifts in aquatic ecosys-tems. Once these ecosystems change state, a simple reduction in the driver variable may not return them to their original state. Because of the long time scales involved, we still have a poor understanding of the dynamics of ecosys-tem recovery after a state change. A model system for understanding ecosystem recovery is the aquatic microecosystem that inhabits the cup-shaped leaves of the pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea. With enrichment of organic matter, this system flips within 1 to 3 days from an oxygen-rich state to an oxygen-poor (hypoxic) state. In a replicated green-house experiment, we enriched pitcher plant leaves at different rates with bovine serum albumin (BSA), a molecular substitute for detritus. Changes in dissolved oxygen ([O2]) and undigested BSA concentration were monitored during enrichment and recovery phases. At low enrichment rates, ecosystems showed a substantial lag in the recovery of [O2] (clockwise hysteresis). At intermediate enrichment rates, [O2] tracked the levels of undigested BSA with the same profile during the enrichment and recovery phases (no hysteresis). At high enrichment rates, we observed a novel response: changes in [O2] were proportionally larger during the recovery phase than during the enrichment phase (counter-clockwise hysteresis). These experiments demonstrate that detrital enrichment rate can modulate a diversity of hysteretic responses in a single aquatic ecosystem. With counter-clockwise hysteresis, rapid reduction of a driver variable following high enrichment rates may be a viable restoration strategy.

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Long-Term Prevalence of Disaster-Related Deep Vein Thrombosis in Minamiaso Village After the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Analysis

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2021.271 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Hidenori Onishi ◽

Osamu Yamamura ◽

Hiromasa Tsubouchi ◽

Takeshi Hirobe ◽

Ikuko Kosugi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽

Recovery Phase ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Portable Ultrasound ◽

Entire Cohort ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes ◽

Long Time ◽

Deep Vein ◽

2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) among evacuees in Minamiaso, a village which was temporarily isolated after the earthquakes, from the acute to recovery phase after the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes (GLIDE no: EQ-2016-000033-JPN). Methods: This prospective study, which was approved by Fukui University Medical Research Ethics Committee (approval no. 20160024 and 20160089), enrolled 181 evacuees (73.9 ± 11.6 y) who participated in a series of 3 DVT screenings using portable ultrasound machines conducted over 19 mo. All participants completed a questionnaire before the screenings, and none of the participants attended all 3 screenings. Data analysis was performed using EZR version 1.41. Results: The DVT prevalence was 14.3% (79.4 ± 8.2 y) at first screening of evacuees staying in shelters and 18.5% (71.5 ± 13.1 y) and 12.2% (72.8 ± 10.9 y) in second and third screenings of evacuees staying in temporary housing, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed age ≥75 y and alcohol consumption as independent risk factors in the entire cohort and in patients aged ≤74 y, respectively. Conclusions: A high DVT prevalence over a long time period of 19 mo was observed where survivors were temporarily isolated after the disaster.

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Can honesty survive in a corrupt parliament?

International Journal of Modern Physics C ◽

10.1142/s0129183118500948 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

pp. 1850094 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nuno Crokidakis ◽

Jorge S. Sá Martins

Keyword(s):

Social Influences ◽

Universality Class ◽

Social Contagion ◽

The Other ◽

Directed Percolation ◽

Nonequilibrium Phase Transition ◽

Agent Based ◽

The Social ◽

Long Time ◽

Change State

In this work, we study a simple model of social contagion that aims to represent the dynamics of social influences among politicians in an artificial corrupt parliament. We consider an agent-based model with three distinct types of artificial individuals (deputies), namely honest deputies, corrupt deputies and inflexible corrupt deputies. These last agents are committed to corruption, and they never change their state. The other two classes of agents are susceptible deputies, that can change state due to social pressure of other agents. We analyze the dynamic and stationary properties of the model as functions of the frozen density of inflexible corrupt individuals and two other parameters related to the strength of the social influences. We show that the honest individuals can disappear in the steady state, and such disappearance is related to an active-absorbing nonequilibrium phase transition that appears to be in the directed percolation universality class. We also determine the conditions leading to the survival of honesty in the long-time evolution of the system, and the regions of parameters for which the honest deputies can be the either the majority or the minority in the artificial parliament.

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AMROFloor: An Efficient Aging Mitigation and Resource Optimization Floorplanner for Virtual Coarse-Grained Runtime Reconfigurable FPGAs

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics11020273 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 273

Author(s):

Zeyu Li ◽

Zhao Huang ◽

Quan Wang ◽

Junjie Wang

Keyword(s):

Resource Optimization ◽

Coarse Grained ◽

Cmos Process ◽

Time To Failure ◽

Effective Solution ◽

Aging Effects ◽

Rapid Reduction ◽

Silicon Accumulation ◽

Long Time ◽

On Chip

With the rapid reduction of CMOS process size, the FPGAs with high-silicon accumulation technology are becoming more sensitive to aging effects. This reduces the reliability and service life of the device. The offline aging-aware layout planning based on balance stress is an effective solution. However, the existing methods need to take a long time to solve the floorplanner, and the corresponding layout solutions occupy many on-chip resources. To this end, we proposed an efficient Aging Mitigation and Resource Optimization Floorplanner (AMROFloor) for FPGAs. First, the layout solution is implemented on the Virtual Coarse-Grained Runtime Reconfigurable Architecture, which contributes to avoiding rule constraints for placement and routing. Second, the Maximize Reconfigurable Regions Algorithm (MRRA) is proposed to quickly determine the RRs’ number and size to save the solving time and ensure an effective solution. Furthermore, the Resource Combination Algorithm (RCA) is proposed to optimize the on-chip resources, reducing the on-Chip Resource Utilization (CRU) while achieving the same aging relief effect. Experiments were simulated and implemented on Xilinx FPGA. The results demonstrate that the AMROFloor method designed in this paper can extend the Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) by 13.8% and optimize the resource overhead by 19.2% on average compared to the existing aging-aware layout solutions.

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Discovering the Low-Latitude Ionospheric Trough Associated With the Inner Radiation Belt

10.21203/rs.3.rs-143325/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Karpachev

Keyword(s):

Geomagnetic Storm ◽

Radiation Belt ◽

Ring Current ◽

Recovery Phase ◽

Low Latitude ◽

Champ Satellite ◽

Main Ionospheric Trough ◽

Long Time ◽

Late Recovery ◽

First Time

Abstract The dynamics of ionospheric troughs during great geomagnetic storm on April 11–13, 2001 is considered. An analysis is based on measurements of electron density at altitudes of the CHAMP satellite 410–465 km. The subauroral, mid-latitude and low-latitude troughs were observed at nighttime, sometimes simultaneously. The subauroral trough is usually defined as the main ionospheric trough. The mid-latitude trough is associated with the magnetospheric ring current. It appears at the beginning of the storm recovery phase at latitudes of 40–45° GMLat (L=1.7–2.0) and exists for a long time at the late recovery phase at latitudes of the residual ring current 50–55° GMLat (L~2.4–3.0). The low-latitude trough was revealed for the first time. It is developed at the latitudes of the inner radiation belt 34–45° GMLat (L=1.45–2.00). This trough is associated with the precipitation of energetic particles from the inner radiation belt.

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The Aquatic Acidification Index: A New Regulatory Metric Linking Atmospheric and Biogeochemical Models to Assess Potential Aquatic Ecosystem Recovery

Water Air & Soil Pollution ◽

10.1007/s11270-013-1838-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 225 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Richard D. Scheffe ◽

Jason A. Lynch ◽

Adam Reff ◽

James T. Kelly ◽

Bryan Hubbell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aquatic Ecosystem ◽

Ecosystem Recovery ◽

Biogeochemical Models ◽

Aquatic Acidification ◽

Acidification Index

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Sub-Auroral, Mid-Latitude, and Low-Latitude Troughs during Severe Geomagnetic Storms

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13030534 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 534

Author(s):

Alexander Karpachev

Keyword(s):

Radiation Belt ◽

Ring Current ◽

Geomagnetic Storms ◽

Recovery Phase ◽

Internal Radiation ◽

Low Latitude ◽

Champ Satellite ◽

Main Ionospheric Trough ◽

Long Time ◽

First Time

The dynamics of ionospheric troughs during intense geomagnetic storms is considered in this paper. The study is based on electron density measurements at CHAMP satellite altitudes of 405–465 km in the period from 2000 to 2002. A detailed analysis of four storms with Kp from 5+ to 9− is presented. Three troughs were identified: sub-auroral, mid-latitude, and low-latitude. The sub-auroral trough is usually defined as the main ionospheric trough (MIT). The mid-latitude trough is observed equatorward of the MIT and is associated with the magnetospheric ring current; therefore, it is named the ring ionospheric trough (RIT). The RIT appears at the beginning of the storm recovery phase at geomagnetic latitudes of 40–45° GMLat (L = 1.75–2.0) and exists, for a long time, at the late stage of the recovery phase at latitudes of the residual ring current 50–55° GMLat (L ~ 2.5–3.0). The low-latitude trough (LLT) is discovered for the first time. It forms only during great storms at the latitudes of the internal radiation belt (IRB), 34–45° GMLat (L = 1.45–2.0). The LLT’s lowest latitude of 34° GMLat was recorded in the night sector (2–3 LT). The occurrence probability and position of the RIT and LLT depend on the hemisphere and longitude.

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Brain Oxygenation in Post-concussion Combat Sport Athletes

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living ◽

10.3389/fspor.2021.725096 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Paolo Tiberini ◽

Giuseppe D'Antona ◽

Antonio Cicchella

Keyword(s):

Near Infrared ◽

Recovery Phase ◽

Brain Oxygenation ◽

Respiratory Parameters ◽

Long Time ◽

Eyes Open ◽

Invasive Method ◽

Romberg Test ◽

End Tidal ◽

Tools And Techniques

Purpose: Investigate the feasibility of a non-invasive method to evaluate the physical and cognitive repercussions of long-lasting post-concussion effects in professional combat sports athletes. To help athletes return to professional combat, there is a need for unbiased objective tools and techniques used as a prognostic method of recovery after Sport Related Concussion (SRC).Methods: Six mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) athletes, age 20 ÷ 43 yr (1 female, 5 males) and 7 not concussed (NC) participants (amateur), age 24 ÷ 38 yr (3 females, 4 males), were tested Inspired/expired gas concentration, Cerebral changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HbO2]) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HHb]) were measured using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with a 3-step protocol: rest before maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test, hypercapnia, and recovery after VO2max test. The brain oxygenation and respiratory parameters of both sample sets were calculated using a non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney U test). Aerobic fitness outcome was quantified through mean average using the Bruce test. Participants performed Fitt's test using a laptop and analysis of medio-lateral and anterior-posterior range of oscillation was carried out via a force platform Romberg test.Results: mTBI group showed statistically significant differences in saturated hemoglobin Δ[HbO2] (p < 0.001) during rest and recovery phase after maximal incremental exercise, in medio-lateral sway eyes open (p = 0.008, NC 25.35 ± 4.11 mm and mTBI 17.65 ± 4.79 mm). VO2max revealed no significant differences between the two groups: NC 47.47 ± 4.91 mTBI 49.58 ± 5.19 ml/kg/min−1. The 2 groups didn't differ for maximum power output (NC 220 ± 34, mTBI 255 ± 50 W). End-tidal fractional concentration of O2 (FetO2 NC15.20 ± 0.41, mTBI 16.09 ± 0.68) throughout hypercapnia, saturated blood hemoglobin (Δ[HbO2]) revealed significant differences with the mTBI group. No differences emerged from Fitt's test.Conclusions: It emerges that NIRS is able to reveal differences in long time outcomes of mTBI. The medio-lateral variations cannot be considered as a marker of long-term damage in athletes specifically trained for balance.

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Statistical properties of substorms during different storm and solar cycle phases

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-31-349-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 349-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

N. Partamies ◽

L. Juusola ◽

E. Tanskanen ◽

K. Kauristie

Keyword(s):

Ring Current ◽

Solar Maximum ◽

Recovery Phase ◽

Growth Phases ◽

Single Cycle ◽

Phase Duration ◽

Automated Recognition ◽

Long Time ◽

Storms And Substorms ◽

Average Behaviour

Abstract. Substorm properties during different storm phases have been studied using an automated recognition of substorm and storm phases in the auroral electrojet (AL) and ring current (Dst) index data from 1995–2009. The large number of events (about 500 storms and 15 000 substorms) provides statistically reliable distributions, average behaviour and long time series of simple parameters, such as durations and intensities. The phases of storms and substorms have been examined independently. Substorm phases have been further combined to single and multi-cycle events. The former consist of one growth, one expansion and one recovery phase, while the latter include multiple expansion and recovery phases after one growth phase. Our findings show that most substorms take place during non-storm times, and substorms during storm initial phases resemble isolated non-storm time substorms. Both during storm initial phases and non-storm times, the substorm growth phases may last longer than the other substorm phases. Substorm recovery phase is typically the longest phase but its duration also varies most. The longest substorm recovery phase duration was observed during multi-cycle substorms. The longest substorm expansion and storm main phases were found during the years close to the solar maximum. The shortest substorm events (the shortest phase durations) are the single-cycle substorms. The period of expansion onsets during multi-cycle substorms varied hugely for events with a small number of expansion phases. For events with a larger number of expansions, a clearer periodicity of about one hour (median value) was suggested.

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