scholarly journals Brain Oxygenation in Post-concussion Combat Sport Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Tiberini ◽  
Giuseppe D'Antona ◽  
Antonio Cicchella
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Brain Oxygenation ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Romberg Test ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Purpose: Investigate the feasibility of a non-invasive method to evaluate the physical and cognitive repercussions of long-lasting post-concussion effects in professional combat sports athletes. To help athletes return to professional combat, there is a need for unbiased objective tools and techniques used as a prognostic method of recovery after Sport Related Concussion (SRC).Methods: Six mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) athletes, age 20 ÷ 43 yr (1 female, 5 males) and 7 not concussed (NC) participants (amateur), age 24 ÷ 38 yr (3 females, 4 males), were tested Inspired/expired gas concentration, Cerebral changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HbO2]) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HHb]) were measured using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with a 3-step protocol: rest before maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test, hypercapnia, and recovery after VO2max test. The brain oxygenation and respiratory parameters of both sample sets were calculated using a non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney U test). Aerobic fitness outcome was quantified through mean average using the Bruce test. Participants performed Fitt's test using a laptop and analysis of medio-lateral and anterior-posterior range of oscillation was carried out via a force platform Romberg test.Results: mTBI group showed statistically significant differences in saturated hemoglobin Δ[HbO2] (p < 0.001) during rest and recovery phase after maximal incremental exercise, in medio-lateral sway eyes open (p = 0.008, NC 25.35 ± 4.11 mm and mTBI 17.65 ± 4.79 mm). VO2max revealed no significant differences between the two groups: NC 47.47 ± 4.91 mTBI 49.58 ± 5.19 ml/kg/min−1. The 2 groups didn't differ for maximum power output (NC 220 ± 34, mTBI 255 ± 50 W). End-tidal fractional concentration of O2 (FetO2 NC15.20 ± 0.41, mTBI 16.09 ± 0.68) throughout hypercapnia, saturated blood hemoglobin (Δ[HbO2]) revealed significant differences with the mTBI group. No differences emerged from Fitt's test.Conclusions: It emerges that NIRS is able to reveal differences in long time outcomes of mTBI. The medio-lateral variations cannot be considered as a marker of long-term damage in athletes specifically trained for balance.

scholarly journals Relationship between Muscular Activity and Postural Control Changes after Proprioceptive Focal Stimulation (Equistasi®) in Middle-Moderate Parkinson’s Disease Patients: An Explorative Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Fabiola Spolaor ◽  
Marco Romanato ◽  
Guiotto Annamaria ◽  
Antonella Peppe ◽  
Leila Bakdounes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Romberg Test

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Equistasi®, a wearable device, on the relationship between muscular activity and postural control changes in a sample of 25 Parkinson’s disease (PD) subjects. Gait analysis was carried out through a six-cameras stereophotogrammetric system synchronized with two force plates, an eight-channel surface electromyographic system, recording the activity of four muscles bilaterally: Rectus femoris, tibialis anterior (TA), biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL). The peak of the envelope (PoE) and its occurrence within the gait cycle (position of the peak of the envelope, PPoE) were calculated. Frequency-domain posturographic parameters were extracted while standing still on a force plate in eyes open and closed conditions for 60 s. After the treatment with Equistasi®, the mid-low (0.5–0.75) Hz and mid-high (0.75–1 Hz) components associated with the vestibular and somatosensory systems, PoE and PPoE, displayed a shift toward the values registered on the controls. Furthermore, a correlation was found between changes in proprioception (power spectrum frequencies during the Romberg Test) and the activity of GL, BF (PoE), and TA (PPoE). Results of this study could provide a quantitative estimation of the effects of a neurorehabilitation device on the peripheral and central nervous system in PD.

Long-Term Prevalence of Disaster-Related Deep Vein Thrombosis in Minamiaso Village After the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hidenori Onishi ◽  
Osamu Yamamura ◽  
Hiromasa Tsubouchi ◽  
Takeshi Hirobe ◽  
Ikuko Kosugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Portable Ultrasound ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) among evacuees in Minamiaso, a village which was temporarily isolated after the earthquakes, from the acute to recovery phase after the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes (GLIDE no: EQ-2016-000033-JPN). Methods: This prospective study, which was approved by Fukui University Medical Research Ethics Committee (approval no. 20160024 and 20160089), enrolled 181 evacuees (73.9 ± 11.6 y) who participated in a series of 3 DVT screenings using portable ultrasound machines conducted over 19 mo. All participants completed a questionnaire before the screenings, and none of the participants attended all 3 screenings. Data analysis was performed using EZR version 1.41. Results: The DVT prevalence was 14.3% (79.4 ± 8.2 y) at first screening of evacuees staying in shelters and 18.5% (71.5 ± 13.1 y) and 12.2% (72.8 ± 10.9 y) in second and third screenings of evacuees staying in temporary housing, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed age ≥75 y and alcohol consumption as independent risk factors in the entire cohort and in patients aged ≤74 y, respectively. Conclusions: A high DVT prevalence over a long time period of 19 mo was observed where survivors were temporarily isolated after the disaster.

Measurement of Peripheral Venous Oxygen Saturation in the Leg Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wertheim ◽  
R. Salaman ◽  
J. Melhuish ◽  
R. Williams ◽  
I. Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Venous Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Healing Of Wounds ◽  
Total Haemoglobin

Background: It has been suggested that poor healing of wounds may be associated with reduced tissue oxygenation. A non-invasive method of assessing peripheral venous oxygenation has been investigated. Method: Changes in oxyhaemoglobin (O2Hb), deoxyhaemoglobin (HHb), oxidized cytochrome aa3 (cyt aa3) and total haemoglobin (tHb) were monitored in the left lower leg of seven healthy volunteers. A short period of venous occlusion was achieved by rapidly inflating a sphygmomanometer cuff placed around the leg to 60 mmHg. The changes in O2Hb and tHb, with respect to the baseline readings, were evaluated. PSvO2 was calculated from (ΔO2Hb/ΔtHb) × 100%. Results: From 17 sets of readings on the seven volunteers the median PSvO2 calculated was 64% (range 50–86%). Conclusion: This method appears to be a simple means of evaluating PSvO2. A change in cyt aa3 was often seen associated with the venous occlusion.

scholarly journals Imaging of β-amyloid plaques by near infrared fluorescent tracers: a new frontier for chemical neuroscience

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1807-1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Staderini ◽  
María Antonia Martín ◽  
Maria Laura Bolognesi ◽  
J. Carlos Menéndez
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Fluorescent Tracers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Nir Imaging ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Β Amyloid

Near infrared (NIR) imaging is a promising and non-invasive method to visualize amyloid plaquesin vivo.

scholarly journals Clockwise and counterclockwise hysteresis characterize state changes in the same aquatic ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda C. Northrop ◽  
Vanessa Avalone ◽  
Aaron M. Ellison ◽  
Bryan A. Ballif ◽  
Nicholas J. Gotelli
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Ecosystem Recovery ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Enrichment ◽  
Change State ◽  
Abrupt Shifts ◽  
Clockwise Hysteresis

Incremental increases in a driver variable, such as nutrients or detritus, can trigger abrupt shifts in aquatic ecosys-tems. Once these ecosystems change state, a simple reduction in the driver variable may not return them to their original state. Because of the long time scales involved, we still have a poor understanding of the dynamics of ecosys-tem recovery after a state change. A model system for understanding ecosystem recovery is the aquatic microecosystem that inhabits the cup-shaped leaves of the pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea. With enrichment of organic matter, this system flips within 1 to 3 days from an oxygen-rich state to an oxygen-poor (hypoxic) state. In a replicated green-house experiment, we enriched pitcher plant leaves at different rates with bovine serum albumin (BSA), a molecular substitute for detritus. Changes in dissolved oxygen ([O2]) and undigested BSA concentration were monitored during enrichment and recovery phases. At low enrichment rates, ecosystems showed a substantial lag in the recovery of [O2] (clockwise hysteresis). At intermediate enrichment rates, [O2] tracked the levels of undigested BSA with the same profile during the enrichment and recovery phases (no hysteresis). At high enrichment rates, we observed a novel response: changes in [O2] were proportionally larger during the recovery phase than during the enrichment phase (counter-clockwise hysteresis). These experiments demonstrate that detrital enrichment rate can modulate a diversity of hysteretic responses in a single aquatic ecosystem. With counter-clockwise hysteresis, rapid reduction of a driver variable following high enrichment rates may be a viable restoration strategy.

scholarly journals Water vapour foreign-continuum absorption in near-infrared windows from laboratory measurements

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1968) ◽  
pp. 2557-2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor V. Ptashnik ◽  
Robert A. McPheat ◽  
Keith P. Shine ◽  
Kevin M. Smith ◽  
R. Gary Williams
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Pair Interaction ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Atmospheric Absorption ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Long Time

For a long time, it has been believed that atmospheric absorption of radiation within wavelength regions of relatively high infrared transmittance (so-called ‘windows’) was dominated by the water vapour self-continuum, that is, spectrally smooth absorption caused by H 2 O−H 2 O pair interaction. Absorption due to the foreign continuum (i.e. caused mostly by H 2 O−N 2 bimolecular absorption in the Earth's atmosphere) was considered to be negligible in the windows. We report new retrievals of the water vapour foreign continuum from high-resolution laboratory measurements at temperatures between 350 and 430 K in four near-infrared windows between 1.1 and 5 μm (9000–2000 cm −1 ). Our results indicate that the foreign continuum in these windows has a very weak temperature dependence and is typically between one and two orders of magnitude stronger than that given in representations of the continuum currently used in many climate and weather prediction models. This indicates that absorption owing to the foreign continuum may be comparable to the self-continuum under atmospheric conditions in the investigated windows. The calculated global-average clear-sky atmospheric absorption of solar radiation is increased by approximately 0.46 W m −2 (or 0.6% of the total clear-sky absorption) by using these new measurements when compared with calculations applying the widely used MTCKD (Mlawer–Tobin–Clough–Kneizys–Davies) foreign-continuum model.

CLASSIFICATION OF SCHIZOPHRENIA USING SVM VIA fNIRS

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Dadgostar ◽  
Seyed Kamaledin Setarehdan ◽  
Sohrab Shahzadi ◽  
Ata Akin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Neural Activities ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Invasive Method

In the present study, a classification of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) based on support vector machine (SVM) is presented. It is a non-invasive method monitoring human brain function by evaluating the concentration variation of oxy-hemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin. fNIRS is a functional optical imaging technology that measures the neural activities and hemodynamic responses in brain. The data were gathered from 11 healthy volunteers and 16 schizophrenia of the same average age by a 16-channel fNIRS (NIROXCOPE 301 system developed at the Neuro-Optical Imaging Laboratory, continuous-wave dual wavelength). Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is characterized by mental processing collapse and weak emotional responses. This mental disorder is usually accompanied by a serious disturbance in social and occupational activities. The signals were initially preprocessed by DWT to remove any systemic physiological impediment. A preliminary examination by the genetic algorithm (GA) suggested that some channels of the recreated fNIRS signals required further investigation. The energy of these recreated channel signals was computed and utilized for signal arrangement. We used SVM-based classifier to determine the cases of schizophrenia. The result of six channels is higher than 16 channels. The results demonstrated a classification precision of about 87% in the discovery of schizophrenia in the healthy subjects.

Abstract 13216: Initial Survey of Respiratory Mechanics During Prehospital Bag Ventilation

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Y Yang ◽  
Jennifer E Blackwood ◽  
Jenny Shin ◽  
Sally Guan ◽  
Mengqi Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Mechanics ◽  
Predicted Body Weight ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
Post Intubation ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Respiratory mechanics, such as tidal volume and inspiratory pressures, affect outcome in hospitalized patients with respiratory failure. The ability to accurately measure respiratory mechanics in the prehospital setting is limited, thus the relationship between prehospital respiratory mechanics and clinical outcome is not well understood. In this feasibility study, we examined respiratory mechanics of bag-valve mask (BVM) ventilation by emergency medical services (EMS) using a novel in-line measuring device during a period when agencies switched from larger to smaller ventilation bags. Methods: This prospective cohort study included a convenience sample of adult patients who received BVM ventilation by EMS, from August 2018 to January 2020, in Bellevue, Washington. The airway monitoring device was applied by paramedics after intubation to passively record in black box mode, until termination of efforts or hospital arrival. Respiratory parameters included tidal volume, airway pressure, flow rates, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and respiratory rate. Prehospital agencies transitioned from large (1500 mL) to small (1000 mL) ventilation bags during the study period. Results: 7371 post-intubation breaths were measured in 54 patients, 32 treated for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and 22 treated for non-arrest conditions, primarily respiratory etiology. EMS ventilated 19 patients with a small bag and 35 patients with a large bag. Ventilation with a smaller bag was characterized by less variability in tidal volumes and higher proportion of breaths delivered within 4-10 mL/kg of predicted body weight (Figure) (p<0.05). Conclusions: Respiratory mechanics can be measured in EMS patients receiving BVM ventilation following intubation. Ventilation with a smaller bag might reduce variation in tidal volume, but further study is needed. These data provide the first evaluation of respiratory mechanics during manual ventilation provided by EMS.

Fuzzy Methods in Data Mining

2011 ◽  
pp. 907-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyke Hüllermeier
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Knowledge Discovery In Databases ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Automated Learning ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Inference Techniques ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Tools and techniques that have been developed during the last 40 years in the field of fuzzy set theory (FST) have been applied quite successfully in a variety of application areas. A prominent example of the practical usefulness of corresponding techniques is fuzzy control, where the idea is to represent the input-output behaviour of a controller (of a technical system) in terms of fuzzy rules. A concrete control function is derived from such rules by means of suitable inference techniques. While aspects of knowledge representation and reasoning have dominated research in FST for a long time, problems of automated learning and knowledge acquisition have more and more come to the fore in recent years. There are several reasons for this development, notably the following: Firstly, there has been an internal shift within fuzzy systems research from “modelling” to “learning”, which can be attributed to the awareness that the well-known “knowledge acquisition bottleneck” seems to remain one of the key problems in the design of intelligent and knowledge-based systems. Secondly, this trend has been further amplified by the great interest that the fields of knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) and its core methodical component, data mining, have attracted in recent years. It is hence hardly surprising that data mining has received a great deal of attention in the FST community in recent years (Hüllermeier, 2005). The aim of this chapter is to give an idea of the usefulness of FST for data mining. To this end, we shall briefly highlight, in the next but one section, some potential advantages of fuzzy approaches. In preparation, the next section briefly recalls some basic ideas and concepts from FST. The style of presentation is purely non-technical throughout; for technical details we shall give pointers to the literature.

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