scholarly journals Design and Development of Point of Care Test and Optical Reader for Early Screening of Kidney Related Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Shihvare ◽  
Satyam Mohla ◽  
Tejal Dube ◽  
Alok Verma ◽  
Rohit Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Optical Reader ◽  
Colorimetric Assays ◽  
Urine Testing

AbstractLow-cost, paper-based colorimetric assays for early screening of albumin, creatinine and their ratio have been developed. The developed methods are noninvasive and require only 10µl of the urine sample. A reflectance-based optical reader has also been developed for the quantification of the albumin and creatinine. The developed method is based on spot urine testing which is advantageous when compared to the conventional 24-hour urine collection. The detection range of albumin and creatinine assays is 10-150 mg/dl and 25–400 mg/dl, respectively. The developed assays and optical reader were tested with the chronic kidney diseased patient’s samples at KEM Hospital, Mumbai.

scholarly journals AnemoCheck-LRS: an optimized, color-based point-of-care test to identify severe anemia in limited-resource settings

BMC Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina S. Perez-Plazola ◽  
Erika A. Tyburski ◽  
Luke R. Smart ◽  
Thad A. Howard ◽  
Amanda Pfeiffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Tool ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Colour Scale ◽  
Life Saving

Abstract Background Severe anemia is common and frequently fatal for hospitalized patients in limited-resource settings. Lack of access to low-cost, accurate, and rapid diagnosis of anemia impedes the delivery of life-saving care and appropriate use of the limited blood supply. The WHO Haemoglobin Colour Scale (HCS) is a simple low-cost test but frequently inaccurate. AnemoCheck-LRS (limited-resource settings) is a rapid, inexpensive, color-based point-of-care (POC) test optimized to diagnose severe anemia. Methods Deidentified whole blood samples were diluted with plasma to create variable hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, with most in the severe (≤ 7 g/dL) or profound (≤ 5 g/dL) anemia range. Each sample was tested with AnemoCheck-LRS and WHO HCS independently by three readers and compared to Hb measured by an electronic POC test (HemoCue 201+) and commercial hematology analyzer. Results For 570 evaluations within the limits of detection of AnemoCheck-LRS (Hb ≤ 8 g/dL), the average difference between AnemoCheck-LRS and measured Hb was 0.5 ± 0.4 g/dL. In contrast, the WHO HCS overestimated Hb with an absolute difference of 4.9 ± 1.3 g/dL for samples within its detection range (Hb 4–14 g/dL, n = 405). AnemoCheck-LRS was much more sensitive (92%) for the diagnosis of profound anemia than WHO HCS (22%). Conclusions AnemoCheck-LRS is a rapid, inexpensive, and accurate POC test for anemia. AnemoCheck-LRS is more accurate than WHO HCS for detection of low Hb levels, severe anemia that may require blood transfusion. AnemoCheck-LRS should be tested prospectively in limited-resource settings where severe anemia is common, to determine its utility as a screening tool to identify patients who may require transfusion.

scholarly journals A haemagglutination test for rapid detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Townsend ◽  
Pramila Rijal ◽  
Julie Xiao ◽  
Tiong Kit Tan ◽  
Kuan-Ying A Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Glycophorin A ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Cell Agglutination ◽  
Haemagglutination Test ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Laboratory Facilities

ABSTRACTSerological detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for establishing rates of seroconversion in populations, detection of seroconversion after vaccination, and for seeking evidence for a level of antibody that may be protective against COVID-19 disease. Several high-performance commercial tests have been described, but these require centralised laboratory facilities that are comparatively expensive, and therefore not available universally. Red cell agglutination tests have a long history in blood typing, and general serology through linkage of reporter molecules to the red cell surface. They do not require special equipment, are read by eye, have short development times, low cost and can be applied as a Point of Care Test (POCT). We describe a red cell agglutination test for the detection of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD). We show that the Haemagglutination Test (“HAT”) has a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 99% for detection of antibodies after a PCR diagnosed infection. The HAT can be titrated, detects rising titres in the first five days of hospital admission, correlates well with a commercial test that detects antibodies to the RBD, and can be applied as a point of care test. The developing reagent is composed of a previously described nanobody to a conserved glycophorin A epitope on red cells, linked to the RBD from SARS-CoV-2. It can be lyophilised for ease of shipping. We have scaled up production of this reagent to one gram, which is sufficient for ten million tests, at a cost of ∼0.27 UK pence per test well. Aliquots of this reagent are ready to be supplied to qualified groups anywhere in the world that need to detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, but do not have the facilities for high throughput commercial tests.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Modeling of Smartphone-Based Electrochemiluminescence Sensor Data Using Artificial Intelligence

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer Ccopa Rivera ◽  
Jonathan J. Swerdlow ◽  
Rodney L. Summerscales ◽  
Padma P. Tadi Uppala ◽  
Rubens Maciel Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Multimodal Data ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Data Driven Modeling

Understanding relationships among multimodal data extracted from a smartphone-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor is crucial for the development of low-cost point-of-care diagnostic devices. In this work, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms such as random forest (RF) and feedforward neural network (FNN) are used to quantitatively investigate the relationships between the concentration of   Ru ( bpy ) 3 2 + luminophore and its experimentally measured ECL and electrochemical data. A smartphone-based ECL sensor with   Ru ( bpy ) 3 2 + /TPrA was developed using disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes. ECL images and amperograms were simultaneously obtained following 1.2-V voltage application. These multimodal data were analyzed by RF and FNN algorithms, which allowed the prediction of   Ru ( bpy ) 3 2 + concentration using multiple key features. High correlation (0.99 and 0.96 for RF and FNN, respectively) between actual and predicted values was achieved in the detection range between 0.02 µM and 2.5 µM. The AI approaches using RF and FNN were capable of directly inferring the concentration of   Ru ( bpy ) 3 2 + using easily observable key features. The results demonstrate that data-driven AI algorithms are effective in analyzing the multimodal ECL sensor data. Therefore, these AI algorithms can be an essential part of the modeling arsenal with successful application in ECL sensor data modeling.

scholarly journals Host-Modulation Therapy and Chair-Side Diagnostics in the Treatment of Peri-Implantitis

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Sorsa ◽  
Joseph Bacigalupo ◽  
Mauno Könönen ◽  
Pirjo Pärnänen ◽  
Ismo T. Räisänen
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Active Matrix ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Previous studies report periodontitis and peri-implantitis being able to induce systemic low-grade inflammation, which is known to be associated with increased risk for some systemic medical disease such as cardiovascular disease. In this regard, recent studies have shown that host modulation therapy (HMT) together with traditional mechanical and surgical treatment not only cease the progression of periodontitis but also reduce the systemic collagenolytic biomarkers in both oral fluids and circulation. This suggests that the corresponding adjunctive HMT-medication could be effective in the prevention and treatment of dental peri-implantitis, as well. Furthermore, low-cost, safe, and practical oral fluid active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) lateral-flow immunotests have been proposed as point-of-care/chair-side diagnostic tools to detect peri-implantitis and periodontitis, and to monitor their effective resolutions, while using various therapeutic strategies, including host modulation. This study reports the potential benefits of HMT-medication in the prevention and treatment of dental peri-implantitis among five patients (four of five were current/ex-smokers). In addition, the aMMP-8 point-of-care test diagnosed 20 peri-implantitis and 20 healthy controls correctly. In conclusion, this study and previous studies support the potential effectiveness of HMT-medication(s) and point-of-care/chair-side technologies in the treatment and diagnostics/monitoring of peri-implantitis. However, more studies are needed to further confirm this.

NIR spectroscopic determination of urine components in spot urine: preliminary investigation towards optical point-of-care test

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Ikuto Suzuki ◽  
Mitsuhiro Ogawa ◽  
Kimihiro Seino ◽  
Masamichi Nogawa ◽  
Hisashi Naito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Spectroscopic Determination ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Point Of Care Test

scholarly journals Dual electrochemical sensing of spiked virus and SARS-CoV-2 using natural bed-receptor (MV-gal1)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ghazizadeh ◽  
Ali Neshastehriz ◽  
Ali Dehghani Firoozabadi ◽  
Mohammad Kaji Yazdi ◽  
Esmail Saievar-Iranizad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Lectin Receptor ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Natural Bed

AbstractIt has been necessary to use methods that can detect the specificity of a virus during virus screening. In this study, we use a dual platform to identify any spiked virus and specific SARS-CoV-2 antigen, sequentially. We introduce a natural bed-receptor surface as Microparticle Vesicle-Galactins1 (MV-gal1) with the ability of glycan binding to screen every spiked virus. MV are the native vesicles which may have the gal-1 receptor. Gal-1 is the one of lectin receptor which can bind to glycan. After dropping the MV-gal1 on the SCPE/GNP, the sensor is turned on due to the increased electrochemical exchange with [Fe(CN)6]−3/−4 probe. Dropping the viral particles of SARS-CoV-2 cause to turn off the sensor with covering the sugar bond (early screening). Then, with the addition of Au/Antibody-SARS-CoV-2 on the MV-gal1@SARS-CoV-2 Antigen, the sensor is turned on again due to the electrochemical amplifier of AuNP (specific detection).For the first time, our sensor has the capacity of screening of any spike virus, and the specific detection of COVID-19 (LOD: 4.57 × 102 copies/mL) by using the natural bed-receptor and a specific antibody in the point of care test.

scholarly journals Portable device for the detection of colorimetric assays

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 171025 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Luka ◽  
E. Nowak ◽  
J. Kawchuk ◽  
M. Hoorfar ◽  
H. Najjaran
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Portable Device ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Colorimetric Analysis ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Colorimetric Assays

In this work, a low-cost, portable device is developed to detect colorimetric assays for in-field and point-of-care (POC) analysis. The device can rapidly detect both pH values and nitrite concentrations of five different samples, simultaneously. After mixing samples with specific reagents, a high-resolution digital camera collects a picture of the sample, and a single-board computer processes the image in real time to identify the hue–saturation–value coordinates of the image. An internal light source reduces the effect of any ambient light so the device can accurately determine the corresponding pH values or nitrite concentrations. The device was purposefully designed to be low-cost, yet versatile, and the accuracy of the results have been compared to those from a conventional method. The results obtained for pH values have a mean standard deviation of 0.03 and a correlation coefficient R 2 of 0.998. The detection of nitrites is between concentrations of 0.4–1.6 mg l −1 , with a low detection limit of 0.2 mg l −1 , and has a mean standard deviation of 0.073 and an R 2 value of 0.999. The results represent great potential of the proposed portable device as an excellent analytical tool for POC colorimetric analysis and offer broad accessibility in resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Harmony COVID-19: a ready-to-use kit, low-cost detector, and smartphone app for point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuttada Panpradist ◽  
Enos Kline ◽  
Robert G Atkinson ◽  
Michael Roller ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Viral Transport ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
First Time

RNA amplification tests sensitively detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, but their complexity and cost are prohibitive for expanding COVID-19 testing. We developed Harmony COVID-19, a point-of-care test using inexpensive consumables, ready-to-use reagents, and a simple device accommodating up to 4 samples simultaneously. Our ready-to-use, 4-plex reverse-transcription, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) can detect down to 0.38 SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies/μL and can report in 17 min for high viral load samples (5,000 copies/μL). Harmony detected 97% or 83% of contrived samples with ≥0.5 viral particles/μL in nasal matrix or saliva, respectively. Evaluation in clinical nasal specimens in viral transport media (VTM, n=101) showed 100% detection of RNA extracted from specimens with ≥0.5 SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies/μL, with 100% specificity in specimens positive for other respiratory pathogens. VTM is non-ideal for Harmony system, yet extraction-free analysis of VTM specimens (n=29) had 95% success in specimens with ≥1 RNA copies/μL. Usability testing performed first-time by healthcare workers showed 95% accuracy

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