scholarly journals Sex and Occupation Are Salient Risk Factors for Lateral Ankle Sprain Among Military Tactical Athletes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Fraser ◽  
Andrew J MacGregor ◽  
Camille P Ryans ◽  
Mark A Dreyer ◽  
Michael D Gibboney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Calcaneofibular Ligament ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
The Military ◽  
Female Officers

Introduction: Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are ubiquitous among tactical athletes and a substantial burden in the military. With the changes in operational demand and the beginning of integration of women into previously closed occupations, an updated assessment of the burden of ankle sprains in the military is warranted. Methods: A population-based epidemiological retrospective cohort study of all service members in the US Armed Forces was performed assessing risk of sex and military occupation on the outcome of LAS incidence. The Defense Medical Epidemiology Database was queried for the number of individuals with ICD-9 diagnosis codes 845.00 (sprain of ankle, unspecified) and 845.02 (calcaneofibular ligament sprain) on their initial encounter from 2006 to 2015. Relative risk (RR) and chi-square statistics were calculated in the assessment of sex and occupational category. Results: A total of 272,970 enlisted males (27.9 per 1000 person-years), 56,732 enlisted females (34.5 per 1000 person-years), 24,534 male officers (12.6 per 1000 person-years), and 6020 female officers (16.4 per 1000 person-years) incurred LAS. Enlisted females in all occupational groups were at significantly higher risk for LAS than their male counterparts (RR 1.09-1.68; p < 0.01), except for Engineers (p = 0.15). Female officers had consistently higher risk for LAS in all occupational groups (RR 1.10-1.42; p < 0.01) compared with male officers, except Ground/Naval Gunfire (p =0.23). Contrasted with Infantry, enlisted members in the Special Operations Forces, Mechanized/Armor, Aviation, Maintenance, and Maritime/Naval Specialties were at lower risk (RR, 0.38-0.93; p < 0.01), Artillery, Engineers, and Logistics Specialties were at higher risk (RR 1.04-1.18; p < 0.01), and Administration, Intelligence, and Communications were no different (p = 0.69). Compared with Ground/Naval Gunfire officers, Aviation officers were at significantly lower risk (RR, 0.75; p < 0.01), and Engineers, Maintenance, Administration, Operations/Intelligence, and Logistics officers were at higher risk (RR, 1.08-1.20; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Sex and military occupation were salient factors for LAS risk. Colocation of interdisciplinary neuromusculoskeletal specialists to provide targeted preventive interventions should be considered in practice and policy.

scholarly journals Not Built to Last: Military Occupation and Ruination under Settler Colonialism

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
Canadian Forces ◽  
Haida Gwaii ◽  
Military Base ◽  
Form Part ◽  
The Military

This article explores the afterlife of a military base on the islands of Haida Gwaii, unceded territory of the Indigenous Haida Nation. Canadian Forces Station Masset was officially decommissioned in 1997, its buildings abandoned by Canada’s armed forces. The understanding of both Haida and their settler neighbors was thus that the army was gone, leaving only ruins and ambivalent affects in its wake. Yet the military had not actually left; rather, it remained in concealment, continuing to monitor the territory it had occupied. At work in this strange juxtaposition of absence and presence, I argue, is the deliberate production of a paradox, a constitutive contradiction that serves to reinforce the structures of settler domination even as it mitigates the visible presence of the forces of occupation. The affects of ruination engendered by the military’s departure, I contend, form part of these processes of settler concealment and deception.

scholarly journals The Role of the Calcaneofibular Ligament in Chronic Ankle Pain Following Severe Ankle Sprains

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0014
Author(s):  
Richard Alvarez ◽  
Randall Marx ◽  
Mark Mizel ◽  
Loren Latta ◽  
Paul Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Peroneal Tendon ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Ankle Pain ◽  
Calcaneofibular Ligament ◽  
Lateral Ankle Sprain ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Peroneal Tendons

Category: Sports Introduction/Purpose: Lateral ankle pain persists in 10%-20% of patients following severe ankle sprains treated non-operatively. The authors hypothesize that the peroneal tendons may become interposed between the ruptured ends of the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL). Though previously visualized and noted in the literature, no studies have evaluated this lesion biomechanically and anatomically. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that following a severe lateral ankle sprain that the interposition of the peroneal tendons between the ruptured ends of the CFL can occur. Methods: Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric lower extremity specimens (defrosted) were secured by the foot to a wooden board in the method of Lauge-Hansen. A manual inversion force was then applied to the ankle, both with the ankle in plantar flexion and also in a neutral position to approximate a severe ankle sprain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was then performed on each ankle. Each specimen was then dissected to observe the integrity and relationship of the lateral ankle structures. Results: Four of the eight specimens sustained CFL tears as viewed by MRI and confirmed through anatomic dissection. One of the four specimens with a CFL tear had a mid substance ligament rupture with the proximal half of the ligament positioned superficial to the peroneal tendon complex. This relationship was observed using the MRI. Conclusion: Creating severe lateral ankle sprain produced ruptures of the CFL with interposition of the peroneal tendon complex between the torn ends of the ligament was seen and identified. This phenomenon may prevent primary ligament healing of the CFL and may be a contributing factor in the chronic ankle pain of non-surgically treated lateral ankle sprains. Perhaps surgical intervention should be considered if clinical suspicion exists, such as with a Stener lesion of the hand.

LATERAL ANKLE SPRAIN — AN UPDATE

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 1330003
Author(s):  
Shibli Nuhmani ◽  
Moazzam Hussain Khan
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Anterior Talofibular Ligament ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Calcaneofibular Ligament ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Major Loss ◽  
Sporting Activities

Ankle sprain injuries are the most common injury sustained during sporting activities. One-sixth of all sports injury loss time is from ankle sprains. Each year, an estimated 1 million people present to physicians with acute ankle injuries. Three-quarters of ankle injuries involve the lateral ligamentous complex, comprised of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) and the posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL). Lateral ankle sprains typically occur when the rearfoot undergoes excessive supination on an externally rotated lower leg. The diagnosis of a sprain relies on the medical history including symptoms, as well as making a differential diagnosis mainly in distinguishing it from strains or bone fractures. Despite their prevalence in society, ankle sprains still remain a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in the athlete, as well as in society in general. The high incidence of ligamentous ankle injuries requires clearly defined acute care and a broad knowledge of new methods in rehabilitation. In addition to rapid pain relief, the main objective of treatment is to quickly restore the range of motion of the ankle without any major loss of proprioception, thereby restoring full activity as soon as possible. The purpose of this article is to review the anatomy, pathomechanics, investigation, diagnosis and management of lateral ankle sprains.

scholarly journals Strain patterns in normal anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments and after anatomical reconstruction using gracilis tendon grafts: A cadaver study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Takao ◽  
Danielle Lowe ◽  
Satoru Ozeki ◽  
Xavier M. Oliva ◽  
Ryota Inokuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anatomical Reconstruction ◽  
Anterior Talofibular Ligament ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Axial Motion ◽  
Calcaneofibular Ligament ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Relative Strain ◽  
Maximal Strain

Abstract Background Inversion ankle sprains, or lateral ankle sprains, often result in symptomatic lateral ankle instability, and some patients need lateral ankle ligament reconstruction to reduce pain, improve function, and prevent subsequent injuries. Although anatomically reconstructed ligaments should behave in a biomechanically normal manner, previous studies have not measured the strain patterns of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) after anatomical reconstruction. This study aimed to measure the strain patterns of normal and reconstructed ATFL and CFLs using the miniaturization ligament performance probe (MLPP) system. Methods The MLPP was sutured into the ligamentous bands of the ATFLs and CTLs of three freshly frozen cadaveric lower-extremity specimens. Each ankle was manually moved from 15° dorsiflexion to 30° plantar flexion, and a 1.2-N m force was applied to the ankle and subtalar joint complex. Results The normal and reconstructed ATFLs exhibited maximal strain (100) during supination in three-dimensional motion. Although the normal ATFLs were not strained during pronation, the reconstructed ATFLs demonstrated relative strain values of 16–36. During the axial motion, the normal ATFLs started to gradually tense at 0° plantar flexion, with the strain increasing as the plantar flexion angle increased, to a maximal value (100) at 30° plantar flexion; the reconstructed ATFLs showed similar strain patterns. Further, the normal CFLs exhibited maximal strain (100) during plantar flexion-abduction and relative strain values of 30–52 during dorsiflexion in three-dimensional motion. The reconstructed CFLs exhibited the most strain during dorsiflexion-adduction and demonstrated relative strain values of 29–62 during plantar flexion-abduction. During the axial motion, the normal CFLs started to gradually tense at 20° plantar flexion and 5° dorsiflexion. Conclusion Our results showed that the strain patterns of reconstructed ATFLs and CFLs are not similar to those of normal ATFLs and CFLs.

Obligation in Exile

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Zvi Baron
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Identity ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
Jewish Heritage ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

Questions arose about what it meant to support a country whose political future the author has no say in as a Diaspora Jew. The questions became all the more pronounced the more I learned about Israel’s history. Many Jews feel the same way, and often are uncomfortable with what such an obligation can mean, in no small part because of concerns over being identified with Israel because of one’s Jewish heritage or because of the overwhelming significance that Israel has come to have for Jewish identity. Israel’s significance is matched by how much is published about Israel. Increasingly, this literature is not only about trying to explain Israel’s wars, the military occupation or other parts of its history, but about the relationship between Diaspora1 Jewry and Israel.

THE EFFECT OF THE RELIGIOUS FACTOR ON THE MILITARY MEN VALUE BASED ORIENTATION FORMING

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
ALEXEY ROMAKHIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Military

This article reveals the problem of the role of the religious factor in the formation of the value orientations of the military personnel of the Russian army from its inception to the present state. In the article, the author reveals the significance of the Church in the formation of the value orientations of military personnel. The problem of religious situation in foreign armies is considered. The article presents data from sociological studies confirming the increase in the number of religious servicemen in the modern Armed Forces. The concept of “religious factor” is revealed. The author suggests considering the influence of the religious factor on the formation of value orientations through the functions of religion. The article provides examples of the influence of religion on the formation of value orientations of military personnel from the time of the Baptism of Russia to the present. Examples of writers of Russian classical literature about the influence of religion on the morale of troops are given. Examples of religious participation in major battles and wars of the past years are shown. The significance of the religious factor in uniting the people and the army is shown. The work of officials of the Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation in strengthening values among military personnel in modern conditions is demonstrated. The role of the Minister of defense of the Russian Federation, General of the army S.K. Shoigu in strengthening the faith of the Russian army is outlined. Issues related to the construction of the Main Temple of the Armed Forces and its impact on the public masses were discussed. In this study, the author aims to show the significant role of religion in the formation of value orientations in Russian military personnel. The analysis shows an increasing role of religion in the minds of military personnel in modern conditions.

STRUCTURAL AND LOGIC DIAGRAM OF RESEARCH ON THE MILITARY-ECONOMIC SUBSTANTIATION OF THE RATIONAL NUMBER OF ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE IN THE PROCESS OF FORMING THE PROGRAM OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
V. Nazarkin ◽  
O. Semenenko ◽  
A. Efimenko ◽  
V. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Rational Number ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Excess Number ◽  
The Military

The task of choosing the rational number of power structures is always one of the main priorities of any political leadership of the state. An insufficient number of armed forces is a threat to the national security of the state; an excess number creates pressures on the development of the country's national economy. Today, when the development programs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are being formed in the context of the practical application of their units and subunits to carry out combat missions, questions of choosing a priority approach to the formation (justification) of the rational size of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is an urgent issue. The article proposes a structure for conducting research on the development and implementation of the methodology of military-economic substantiation of the rational strength of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the system of defense planning of Ukraine in the formation of programs for their development for the medium and long term. The main objectives of this methodology are: scientific substantiation of the range of the necessary strength of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for the period of the program of their development; the choice of the indicator of the rational size of the Armed Forces of Ukraine according to the years of the program from a certain range of its changes; military-economic substantiation of this number under the influence of various limiting factors. The development and implementation of such a methodology will increase the efficiency of the formation and implementation of development programs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, as well as the efficiency of using public funds for the development of power structures.

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