scholarly journals EEG Artifact to Signal: Predicting Horizontal Gaze Position from SOBI-DANS Identified Ocular Artifact Components

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Sun ◽  
Cynthia Chan ◽  
Janet Hsiao ◽  
Akaysha C. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Target Position ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Asymptotic Performance ◽  
Ocular Artifact ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Horizontal Gaze ◽  
Gaze Position

AbstractOcular artifact in EEG has long been viewed as a problem for interpreting EEG data in basic and applied research. The removal of such artifacts has been an on-going effort over many decades. We have recently introduced a hybrid method combining second-order blind identification (SOBI) with DANS, a novel automatic identification method, to extract components containing specifically signals associated with horizontal and vertical saccadic eye movements (H and V Comps) and found that these components’ event-related potentials in response to saccadic eye movement are systematically modulated by movement directions and distances. Here in a case study, taking advantage of signals about gaze positions contained in the ocular artifact components, we introduced a novel concept of EEG-based virtual eye tracking (EVET) and presented its first prototype. Specifically, we determined (1) the amount of data needed for constructing models of horizontal gaze positions; (2) the asymptotic performance levels achieved with such models. We found that for the specific calibration task, 4 blocks of data (4 saccades per target position) are needed for reaching an asymptotic performance with a prediction accuracy of 0.44 and prediction reliability of 1.67. These results demonstrated that it is possible to track horizontal gaze position via EEG alone, ultimately enabling coregistration of eye movement and the neural signals.

scholarly journals A Retinotopic Attentional Trace after Saccadic Eye Movements: Evidence from Event-related Potentials

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1563-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durk Talsma ◽  
Brian J. White ◽  
Sebastiaan Mathôt ◽  
Douglas P. Munoz ◽  
Jan Theeuwes
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Stability ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Significant Attenuation

Saccadic eye movements are a major source of disruption to visual stability, yet we experience little of this disruption. We can keep track of the same object across multiple saccades. It is generally assumed that visual stability is due to the process of remapping, in which retinotopically organized maps are updated to compensate for the retinal shifts caused by eye movements. Recent behavioral and ERP evidence suggests that visual attention is also remapped, but that it may still leave a residual retinotopic trace immediately after a saccade. The current study was designed to further examine electrophysiological evidence for such a retinotopic trace by recording ERPs elicited by stimuli that were presented immediately after a saccade (80 msec SOA). Participants were required to maintain attention at a specific location (and to memorize this location) while making a saccadic eye movement. Immediately after the saccade, a visual stimulus was briefly presented at either the attended location (the same spatiotopic location), a location that matched the attended location retinotopically (the same retinotopic location), or one of two control locations. ERP data revealed an enhanced P1 amplitude for the stimulus presented at the retinotopically matched location, but a significant attenuation for probes presented at the original attended location. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that visuospatial attention lingers in retinotopic coordinates immediately following gaze shifts.

scholarly journals A corollary discharge mediates saccade related inhibition of single units in mnemonic structures of the human brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaim N Katz ◽  
Andrea G.P. Schjetnan ◽  
Kramay V Patel ◽  
Victoria Barkley ◽  
Kari L Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Corollary Discharge ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Saccade Direction ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Inhibitory Circuit

Despite the critical link between visual exploration and memory, little is known about how single-unit activity (SUA) in the human mesial temporal lobe (MTL) is modulated by saccadic eye movements (SEMs). Here we characterize SEM associated SUA modulations, unit-by-unit, and contrast them to image onset, and to occipital lobe SUA. We reveal evidence for a corollary discharge (CD)-like modulatory signal that accompanies SEMs, inhibiting/exciting a unique population of broad/narrow spiking units, respectively, before and during SEMs, and with directional selectivity. These findings comport well with the timing, directional nature, and inhibitory circuit implementation of a CD. Additionally, by linking SUA to event-related potentials (ERPs), which are directionally modulated following SEMs, we recontextualize the ERP associated with SEM as a proxy for both the strength of inhibition and saccade direction, providing a mechanistic underpinning for the more commonly recorded SEM-related ERP in the human brain.

The Role of Awareness in Processing of Oculomotor Capture: Evidence from Event-related Potentials

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2285-2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem V. Belopolsky ◽  
Arthur F. Kramer ◽  
Jan Theeuwes
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Oculomotor Capture ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Subjective Awareness ◽  
Error Detection And Correction ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Previous research has shown that task-irrelevant onsets trigger an eye movement in their direction. Such oculomotor capture is often impervious to conscious awareness. The present study used event-related brain potentials to examine how such oculomotor errors are detected, evaluated, and compensated for and whether awareness of an error played a role at any of these stages of processing. The results show that the early processes of error detection and correction (as represented by the error-related negativity and the parietal N1) are not directly affected by subjective awareness of making an error. Instead, they seem to be modulated by the degree of temporal overlap between the programming of the correct and erroneous saccade. We found that only a later component (the error-related positivity [Pe]) is modulated by awareness of making an erroneous eye movement. We propose that awareness of oculomotor capture primarily depends on this later process.

scholarly journals Online Movement Correction in Response to the Unexpectedly Perturbed Initial or Final Action Goals: An ERP and sLORETA Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Lin Yu ◽  
Thomas Schack ◽  
Dirk Koester
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Target Position ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Late Positivity ◽  
Movement Correction ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Left Middle ◽  
Action Goals

In this experiment, we explored how unexpected perturbations in the initial (grip posture) and the final action goals (target position) influence movement execution and the neural mechanisms underlying the movement corrections. Participants were instructed to grasp a handle and rotate it to a target position according to a given visual cue. After participants started their movements, a secondary cue was triggered, which indicated whether the initial or final goals had changed (or not) while the electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. The results showed that the perturbed initial goals significantly slowed down the reaching action, compared to the perturbed final goals. In the event-related potentials (ERPs), a larger anterior P3 and a larger central-distributed late positivity (600–700 ms) time-locked to the perturbations were found for the initial than for the final goal perturbations. Source analyses found stronger left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) activations for the perturbed initial goals than for the perturbed final goals in the P3 time window. These findings suggest that perturbations in the initial goals have stronger interferences with the execution of grasp-to-rotate movements than perturbations in the final goals. The interferences seem to be derived from both inappropriate action inhibitions and new action implementations during the movement correction.

scholarly journals Investigating brain mechanisms underlying natural reading by co-registering eye tracking with combined EEG and MEG

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bela Weiss ◽  
Felix Dreyer ◽  
Elisabeth Fonteneau ◽  
Maarten van Casteren ◽  
Olaf Hauk
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Linking brain and behavior is one of the great challenges in cognitive neuroscience. Ultimately, we want to understand how the brain processes information to guide every-day behavior. However, most neuroscientific studies employ very simplistic experimental paradigms whose ecological validity is doubtful. Reading is a case in point, since most neuroscientific studies to date have used unnatural word-by-word stimulus presentation and have often focused on single word processing. Previous research has therefore actively avoided factors that are important for natural reading, such as rapid self-paced stimulus presentation rates and voluntary saccadic eye movements. Recent methodological developments have made it possible to deal with associated problems such as eye movement artefacts and the overlap of brain responses to successive stimuli, using a combination of eye-tracking and neuroimaging. A growing number of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are successfully using this methodology. Here, we provide a proof-of-concept that this methodology can be applied to combined EEG and magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. Our participants naturally read 4-word sentences that could end in a plausible or implausible word while eye-tracking, EEG and MEG were being simultaneously recorded. Eye-movement artefacts were removed using independent-component analysis. Fixation-related potentials and fields for sentence-final words were subjected to minimum-norm source estimation. We detected an N400-type brain response in our EEG data starting around 200 ms after fixation of the sentence-final word. The brain sources of this effect, estimated from combined EEG and MEG data, were mostly located in left temporal lobe areas. We discuss the possible use of this method for future neuroscientific research on language and cognition.

scholarly journals Saccadic eye movement related potentials

2007 ◽  
pp. 707-713
Author(s):  
F Jagla ◽  
M Jergelová ◽  
I Riečanský
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Sensorimotor Integration ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movement ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Neuropsychological Disorders ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Attention Level ◽  
Insight Into

The saccadic eye movement related potentials (SEMRPs) enable to study brain mechanisms of the sensorimotor integration. SEMRPs provide insight into various cognitive mechanisms related to planning, programming, generation and execution of the saccadic eye movements. SEMRPs can be used to investigate pathophysiological mechanisms of several disorders of the central nervous system. Here we shortly summarize basic findings concerning the significance of SEMRP components, their relationship to the functional brain asymmetry and visual attention level as well as changes related to certain neuropsychological disorders.

scholarly journals Analysis of Drivers’ Eye-Movement Characteristics When Driving around Curves

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-yuan Ren ◽  
Xian-sheng Li ◽  
Xue-lian Zheng ◽  
Zhe Li ◽  
Qi-chao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Target Point ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Reference Axis ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Horizontal Gaze ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Fixation Points ◽  
Gaze Position

To investigate drivers’ visual strategies and the distribution of fixation points, much work had been done and salient conclusions had been drawn. However, there is still no consensus on what the gaze target is and what functional significance the point might have. To improve theories on this subject, research was done to investigate drivers’ visual characteristics. On-road experiment was carried out, and drivers’ eye-movement and vehicle driving parameters were registered when driving around left- and right-hand curves. The results showed that drivers’ gaze direction fluctuates around the reference axis, and the fixation points are distributed in the region centered on the horizontal gaze position rather than a particular point that has geographical meanings. With the consideration of the traffic rules in China, we suggest here that there is no particular point on which drivers concentrate. Any point or position that could indicate the bend’s curvature could be the so-called target point. Drivers just want to operate their vehicle so as to pass through bends safely in a comfortable and labor-saving way.

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